A Companion to the Waldenses in the Middle Ages

Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Acknowledgements
List of Maps
Abbreviations Used in the Notes
Note on Contributors
Introduction
Part 1 From Lyons to Europe
Section 1 Origins and Early Diffusion (12th–13th Centuries)
Chapter 1 Valdo (or Valdesius) of Lyons and the Poor in Spirit
1 The Religious Conversion of Valdo and Its Consequences
2 The Excommunication of the Poor of Lyons in 1184
3 A Multiple Identity and a Plurality of Orientations
4 Irreparable Divisions
Bibliography
Chapter 2 A Presence in Languedoc (12th–13th Centuries)
1 Medieval Sources for Waldensian History in Languedoc before c.1300
2 Sources from c.1300: Jacques Fournier, Bernard Gui and Others
3 The Historiography of Southern French Waldensianism
4 The Name “Waldensian”
5 The Demography of Waldensianism in Southern France: Social Status, Families, Women
6 The Waldensian Life
7 Waldenses in the Christian Community
8 Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 3 The Early Waldenses and the Catholic Poor in the Crown of Aragon (12th–13th Centuries)
1 Early Encounters and the First Anti-heresy Legislation
2 Durán of Huesca
3 The Liber Antiheresis
4 Reconciliation with Catholic Leadership
5 Durán and the Liber Contra Manicheos
6 Continuing Measures against Heresy in Aragon
Bibliography
Chapter 4 Religious Dissidence and Political Struggles in the Rhone Valley (13th Century)
1 The Rarity of the Sources
2 The Frontiers of Heresy at the Beginning of the 13th Century
3 The Antiquity of Resistance to the Clergy
4 First Formal Accusations
5 Insights from the Investigations of the Years 1250–1260
6 A Weakening of Waldensianism in the Last Decades of the 13th Century?
Bibliography
Section 2 Germany (13th–14th Centuries)
Chapter 5 Was Austria a Waldensian Heartland?
1 The Inquisition during the Reign of Duke Ottokar ii, 1253–1274
2 Inquisitions in Steyr and Krems, 1311–1315
3 The Correspondence between the Waldensians of Italy and Austria, 1367–1378
4 The Inquisition by Peter Zwicker, 1395–1404
5 Stephan of Basel, 1467
6 Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 6 Waldenses in Bohemia, 13th‒16th Centuries
1 Was 14th-Century Bohemia a Waldensian Heartland?
2 Were Jan Hus and His Disciples in Prague Waldensians?
3 Taborites and Waldensians
4 Waldenses and the Unity of Brethren
5 “The Puzzle of Hussite Influence” on Alpine Waldensians
6 Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 7 Waldenses by the Baltic
1 The Community of the Waldensians
2 Peter Zwicker
3 The Interrogations
4 The Piety of the Later Medieval Church: Between Zwicker and the Waldensians
5 Aftermath
Bibliography
Chapter 8 Western Germany Including Strasbourg
1 Early Waldensian Presence in the Western Part of the German Empire (12th–13th Centuries)
2 Before the Storm (14th Century)
3 Mainz (1390–1393)
4 Strasbourg (1400)
5 The Hussite Challenge (15th Century)
Bibliography
Chapter 9 Fribourg (Switzerland)
1 History of Reception
2 The Waldensian Trials of 1399 and 1430
Bibliography
Section 3 Piedmont, Provence and Dauphiné (14th–16th Centuries)
Chapter 10 Who Were the Waldenses in Fourteenth-Century Piedmont?
1 Questions of Sources and Method
2 Ecclesiastical Evidence from c.1300 Onwards
3 The Records of the Inquisitor Alberto de Castellario, 1335
4 ‘Waldensian’ Communities according to the Castellario Register
5 The Construction of an Alternative Understanding of History
6 The Profile of the Preachers
Bibliography
Chapter 11 The Alpine Waldenses in Provence (early 14th – early 16th Centuries)
1 A New Context
2 Avignon: Hub of the Fight against the Waldensian Heresy
3 Sorcery and Waldensian Heresy, “Heresies against the State”?
4 The Immigrants of the Luberon
5 Searching for a ‘Waldensian Identity’
6 The Barbes in Provence
7 Princes, the “Lutheran-Waldensian” Heresy, and the End of Christianity
8 The Confessional Age and the End of Waldensian Heresy
9 Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 12 The Dauphiné (13th–14th Centuries)
1 The Political and Ecclesiastical Context
2 The First Appearance of Waldensian Activity
3 The Franciscan Inquisitor François Borelli
4 The Records of the Inquisitor Antonio da Settimo
5 Around 1400: Sermons and a Possible Raid
Bibliography
Chapter 13 The Dauphiné: between Heretics and Witches (15th–16th Centuries)
1 The Historiography and the Sources
2 The Waldensian Valleys of the Dauphiné
3 The Activities of Inquisitors and the “Witches’ Bridge”
4 The Psychosis of Accusations: Witchcraft and Immorality
5 Repression of Waldensianism in the Later 15th Century
6 The Aftermath of the Crusade: Displacement, Litigation, and Annulment
7 First Encounters with the 16th-Century Reformers
8 The Record of the “Synod of Chanforan”
Bibliography
Part 2 Themes in Waldensian History
Chapter 14 On the Road: The Alpine Itinerant Preachers
1 The Ministries of the Travelling Preachers: Teaching and Healing
2 How to Meet a barbe
3 The Letter of barbe Tercian
4 The barbes’ Books
Bibliography
Chapter 15 Women: A Silent Presence?
1 In the Beginning There Were Travelling Female Preachers
2 The Inquisitorial Investigations of the 14th Century
3 Witches in Flight and Crusades in Arms
4 Orderliness and Disorder: The Double Interpretation of Holy Scripture
5 Women during the Crusade
6 The Prosecution of Peyronette (Beauregard 1494)
7 The Encounter with the Reformation
Bibliography
Chapter 16 Inquisitors’ Interrogations of Waldenses
1 Model of the Interrogation
2 The Emergence and Early History of the Standard Model
3 Interrogation in the Later Middle Ages
4 The Question about Reality
4.1 Inquisitors’ Use of Question-Lists
4.2 History
4.3 Sex and Luciferanism
5 Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 17 The “Waldensian Sect”: Heresy and Witchcraft
1 Stigmatization and Demonization of the Waldensians: From Debauchery to Witchcraft
2 Vaudois/Waldenses: A Polysemic Term as the Origin of a Powerful Amalgam
3 Re-contamination of the Waldensian (Actual Dissent) by the Phantasmagorical Representations of the Sabbath
Bibliography
Chapter 18 Helping the Poor and Healing the Sick
1 The Early Years
2 The Late Waldensianism of the Valleys
3 The Centuries of Keeping Heads Low
4 Conclusions
Bibliography
Chapter 19 1488: A Forgotten Crusade
1 The Prelude
2 Arrests, Interrogations, and Citations
3 The Campaign Is Resumed
4 The Response: Pressure for Redress and Testimonies to Ill-Treatment
5 The End
Bibliography
Chapter 20 Ancient Waldensian Literature
1 The Story of the Texts
2 The Poems
3 Biblical Translations
4 Expository Texts
5 Treatises of Catholic and Hussite Origins
6 The Sermons
Bibliography
Chapter 21 The Émigré Communities in Calabria and Apulia
1 Calabria
2 Apulia
Bibliography
Chapter 22 From the Reformation to the Past: Historical Perceptions of the Medieval Waldenses in Protestantism
1 The Catholic Image of Waldensianism from the Middle Ages to the Early Reformation
2 “Waldenses” in the Early Reformation
3 The Waldensian Martyrs and Martyrologies of 1545–1561
4 The Historical Reconstruction of Medieval Waldensian Ideas
5 The First Histories Dedicated to the Medieval Waldenses
5.1 Jean Paul Perrin
5.2 Pierre Gilles
5.3 Samuel Morland
5.4 Jean Léger
5.5 Peter Allix
6 The Roman Catholic Response
7 Conclusion
Bibliography
Index