Long neglected by scholars, medieval and Renaissance Bologna is now recognized as a center of economic, political-constitutional, legal, and intellectual innovation, as the city that served as the cultural crossroads of Italy. The city's distinctive achievements and its transition from medieval commune to second largest city of the Renaissance Papal State is illuminated by essays that present the work of current historians, many made available in English for the first time, from the broadest possible perspective: from the material city with its porticoes, the conflicts that brought bloodshed and turmoil to its streets, the disputations of masters and students, and to the masterpieces of artists who laid the foundations for Baroque art.
Author(s): Sarah Rubin Blanshei
Series: Brill's Companions to European History
Publisher: Brill
Year: 2017
Language: English
Pages: 652
Contents
Acknowledgements
List of Illustrations
Contributors
Introduction: History and Historiography of Bologna
Sarah Rubin Blanshei
Chapter 1
Archival Sources: Governmental, Judicial, Religious, Familial
Diana Tura
Chapter 2
Fiscal Sources: the Estimi
Rosa Smurra
The Estimo of 1296-97
From 1296-97 to the First Signorial Estimo (1329)
The Last Estimo of the Trecento: 1385
Chapter 3
Shaping the City: Urban Planning and Physical Structures
Francesca Bocchi
Antiquity: From Felsina to Bononia
The Crisis of Late Antiquity: Destruction of the City
The Selenite Walls
The Slow Development and Reurbanization of the Ancient City
Formation and Development of the Comune
Defense of Autonomy and Construction of the Torresotti Walls
Il Duecento: Bologna’s Golden Century
The Piazza Maggiore and the New Palazzi Pubblici
Systematization of the “Historical” City and Opening of the Campo del Mercato
Construction of the Third Circle of Walls (the Circla)
The Porticos
Building Projects of the 14th and 15th Centuries
The Symbols of the Last Popular Commune (1376-1401): the Mercanzia, the Palazzo dei Notai, the Basilica of San Petronio
Il Rinascimento: the Bentivoglio “Signori”
The City of the Legate and the Senate
Chapter 4
Public Health
G. Geltner
Origins and Scope
Health Discourses
Preventative Interventions
Looking Farther Afield
Conclusions
Chapter 5
Regulating the Material Culture of Bologna la Grassa
Antonella Campanini
Chapter 6
Economy and Demography
Fabio Giusberti and Francesca Roversi Monaco
Growth, Innovation, Crisis and Catastrophe: 12th-14th Centuries
After the Late Medieval Crisis: 15th and 16th Centuries
Chapter 7
Bankers, Financial Institutions, and Politics
Massimo Giansante
The Tuscan Banking Companies and the Beginning of Bolognese Banking
La Società del Cambio, or “L’usuraio onorato”
Jewish Banks and the Monte di Pietà
Issues of Economic Ethics
Chapter 8
Civic Institutions (12th-early 15th Centuries)
Giorgio Tamba
Appendix
The Notariate at Bologna
Chapter 9
From One Conflict to Another (13th-14th Centuries)
Giuliano Milani
From Struggle among the cavalieri to Birth of the popolo (1194-1227)
The Milites-Populus Conflict and the Birth of the Parties (1228-73)
The Struggle between the Lambertazzi and the Geremei and the Birth of an Exclusionary System (1274-1305)
The Clash between the Privileged and the Excluded and the Submission to the Papacy (1306-35)
The Struggle between the Guelfs and Ghibellines and the Rebirth of the Commune of the popolo (1335-1402)
The Changing Nature of Political Conflicts
Chapter 10
Libertas, Oligarchy, Papacy: Government in the Quattrocento
Tommaso Duranti
Chapter 11
Popular Government, Government of the Ottimati, and the Languages of Politics: Concord and Discord (1377-1559)*
Angela De Benedictis
Chapter 12
Making of an Oligarchy: The Ruling Classes of Bologna
Andrea Gardi
Chapter 13
Criminal Justice and Conflict Resolution
Sarah Rubin Blanshei and Sara Cucini Blanshei and Cucini
Chapter 14
The Church, Civic Religion, and Civic Identity
Gabriella Zarri
Petronian Libertas
Bologna: a Marian City
The Sancta Jerusalem
A “Perfect Square”: the Monastery of Corpus Domini and Caterina de’ Vigri
From Civic Religion to Civic Ritual
Chapter 15
Confraternities and Civil Society
Nicholas Terpstra
Civic Religion and Civil Society
Gender, Charity, and Civil Society
Civic Religion and Civic Archives: the Challenge of Sources
Chapter 16
Mendicant Orders and the Repression of Heresy
Riccardo Parmeggiani
The Beginnings of the Inquisition
The Medieval Sources of Repression
The 13th-Century Tribunal and the Repression of Catharism
The Tribunal and Relationships with Society and Civic Institutions
The Evolution of Repression in the Trecento
On the Threshold of Modernity: the Quattrocento
Chapter 17
The University and the City: Cultural Interactions
David A. Lines
The University: Structures and Features
Structures of Power
Faculties and Curriculum
The Place of the Book
Hierarchies of Knowledge
The Landscape of Learning
Convents and Religious Colleges
Student Colleges
Academies
University Professors and Contemporary Cultural Currents
Sources and Historiographical Debates
Chapter 18
Bolognese Vernacular Language and Literature
Armando Antonelli and Vincenzo Cassi
Origins of the Bolognese Vernacular: Dante’s Opinion
Documents of Practical Usage and the Relationship with Tuscan Vernaculars
Orthography
Diphthongization
Metaphony
Closure e > i
Final Vowel o > e
Lenition
Rendering of Affricates
14th and 15th-Century Chronicles: Privileged Witnesses of Medieval Bolognese
Chapter 19
Literary Culture in Bologna from the Duecento to the Cinquecento
Gian Mario Anselmi and Stefano Scioli
The Middle Ages
Bologna la Dotta
Guido Guinizzelli and the Bolognese Origins of the “Dolce Stil Novo”
Dante Alighieri in Bologna
Petrarch in Bologna
Humanism and the Renaissance in Bologna
Exemplary Figures in Bolognese Humanism
The Specifics of Bolognese Humanism
Great Attention Turned Again to Myth
Vernacular Literature
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Chapter 20
Painters, Miniaturists, and Goldsmiths (mid-13th-early 15th Century)
Raffaella Pini
The Guilds
The Bottega: A Family Affair
Monumental Art during the Trecento and Early Quattrocento
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Chapter 21
Art and Patronage in Bologna’s “Long” Quattrocento
David J. Drogin
Epilogue. Late Renaissance Bolognese Art after the “Long” Quattrocento
General Bibliography
Index
