Der Padroado-Propaganda-Konflikt im katholischen Indien und die Entstehung Rom-unabhängiger Katholizismen im Asien der Jahrhundertwende (19. / 20. Jh.)

The Padroado-Propaganda conflict in India and Sri Lanka in the 19th century was by no means just a dispute between two rival hierarchical authorities – the Portuguese crown and the pontifical mission center. It also mobilized lay Christians and local priests and led first to the so-called »Goan schism« within the Catholic Church and later to the genesis of forms of Catholicism in India and neighboring Ceylon (Sri Lanka) which were independent of Rome, with spillover effects to other regions in Asia as well. This article discusses two such Rome-free movements: the Independent Catholic Church of Ceylon, Goa and India, founded in 1888, and the Iglesia Filipina Independiente, established in 1902.These movements swiftly established relations with each other. Both movements were supported not only by traditionalists, but also by modern, indigenous elites. At the same time, both churches fit into the broader context of independentist movements in Christian Asia and Africa, which could be observed at the beginning of the 20th century, especially in Protestant missionary areas.