This book not only discusses clinical applications, but also links HRV to systems biology and theories of complexity. This publication should be interesting for several groups of clinicians and scientists, including cardiologists, anesthesiologists, intensivists and physiologists. Heart Rate Variability is in principle easy and cheap, making it interesting for all kind of hospitals and private practice. The book will be an example of using translational medicine (bench to bedside) where newest theoretical results are linked to newest clinical research.
Author(s): Gernot Ernst
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2014
Language: German
Pages: 341
City: London, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht
Preface
References
Abbreviations
Contents
Part I: Theoretical and PathophysiologicalBackground
Chapter 1: History of Heart Rate Variability
References
Chapter 2: Linear, Nonlinear, and Complex Systems
Linear Systems
Nonlinear Systems
Chaos Theory
Complexity
Complex Systems Contain Many Constituents Interacting Nonlinearly
The Constituents of a Complex System Are Interdependent
A Complex System Possesses a Structure Spanning Several Scales
A Complex System Is Capable of Emerging Behavior
Complexity Involves Interplay Between Chaos and Non-chaos
Complexity Involves Interplay Between Cooperation and Competition
Monitoring, Predicting, and Managing Complex Systems
Summary
References
Chapter 3: The Autonomic Nervous System
Introduction
Anatomical Structures
Supraspinal Autonomic Network
Spinal and Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System
Transmitter Substances
Basal Sympathetic Tone
Oscillations in the Sympathetic Nervous System
Vegetative Control of the Heart
Vegetative Control of Blood Pressure
Physiological Background
Neural Control of Blood Pressure
Is There Something Like a General Sympathetic or Parasympathetic Activation? Recent Views on the Interaction Between the Sympathetic and the Parasympathetic Systems
Summary
References
Chapter 4: Methodological Issues
Introduction
Technical Requirements
Time-Domain Analysis
Geometric Analysis
Frequency-Domain Analysis
LF, HF, and LF/HF
VLF and ULF
Variants of Frequency-Domain Measures
Correlations Between Time Domain and Frequency Domain
Nonlinear Methods
Introduction
Entropy
Approximate Entropy
Sample Entropy
Lempel–Ziv Entropy
Multiscale Entropy
Other Entropy Indices
Fractal Analysis
Short-Term Fractal Scaling Exponent (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis)
Coarse-Grained Spectral Analysis
Fano Factor
Dispersional Analysis
Fractal Dimension
Correlation Dimension
Largest Lyapunov Exponent (LLE)
Other Nonlinear Methods
Heart Rate Turbulence (HRT)
Further Methods Combining HRV and Other Measured Parameters
R-Wave to Pulse Interval (RPI)
Concluding Remarks
Modulating and Confounding Factors
General Reliability
Short Term Versus Holter Monitoring
Different Forms of Measurement
Confounding Factors
Genetic Factors
Physiological Factors
Endocrinological and Neurohumoral Factors
Ethnicity
Pathophysiological Factors
Medicaments
Antiarrhythmics
Antihypertensive Drugs
Antidepressive
Other Psychopharmacological Drugs
Catecholamines
Anesthesiological Drugs
Other Drugs
References
Chapter 5: HRV and Alterations in the Vegetative Nervous System
Introduction
Is There an Accordance Between Anatomical Structures Involved in HRV and Supraspinal Structures Related to ANV?
Is There General Increased Autonomic Activity That Might Correlate with HRV Measures?
Does HF Correlate with Parasympathetic Tone?
Does LF Correlate with Sympathetic Tone?
Baroreflex Gain
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Pathophysiological and Systems Biology Considerations
General Considerations
Some Physiological Systems with Influence on Heart Rate Variability
Sinoatrial Node
Respiratory System
Endocrinological System
Immunological System
Glucose Metabolism
Psychological Functioning, Cardiac Health, and HRV
HRV and Complexity: Revisited
Conclusions
References
Part II: Clinical Studies and Applications
Chapter 7: General Mortality
HRV as General Risk Factor in Population Samples
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Cardiology
Introduction
Coronary Heart Disease and Myocardial Infarction
HRV and General Prognosis After MI
Angina Pectoris
Chronic Heart Failure
Introduction
Pathophysiology and Phenomenology
Heart Failure and HRV
Conclusion
Risk Prediction for Sudden Cardiac Death
SCD Summarized
SCD in Heart Failure Patients
Special Subgroups
Cachexia
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
HRV Biofeedback Training in Heart Failure Patients
Chronic Heart Failure and Heart Rate Turbulence
Other Newer Approaches
Paroxysmal and Permanent Atrial Fibrillation
Introduction
Pathophysiology
HRV Changes Prior to the Onset of Paroxysmal AF
HRV to Predict the Onset of AF After Thoracic Surgery
HRV to Predict Recurrence After Cardioversion of Paroxysmal AF
HRV in Persistent AF: A Challenge
Effects of the Maze Procedure on HRV
Discussion and Conclusion
Hypertension
Introduction
A Short Description of the Pathophysiology of Hypertension
HRV in Normotensive Individuals Developing Hypertension
HRV in Hypertensive Compared to Normotensive Persons
Conclusion
Other Cardiologic Diseases and Problems
References
Chapter 9: Perioperative Care
Introduction
Induction and Maintenance of General Anesthesia
Prediction of Hypotension
Prediction of Cardiac Events
Effects of Anesthesia on HRV
Spinal Anesthesia
Maintenance of Anesthesia
Postoperative Course
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Intensive Care and Trauma
Sepsis
Introduction
Pathophysiological Considerations
Clinical Studies
Neonatal Sepsis
Trauma
References
Chapter 11: Neurologic Disorders
Brain Damage
Neurogenic Cardiomyopathy
Generalized Brain Damage, Impaired Consciousness, and HRV
Stroke
Introduction
Acute Stroke
Poststroke
HRV and Stroke Prognosis
Summary
References
Chapter 12: Pain
Introduction
Experimental Pain Models and Acute Pain
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Back Pain
Headaches
Migraine
Tension-Type Headache
Cluster Headache
Fibromyalgia
The Case of Disability
Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: HRV in Oncology and Palliative Medicine
Cancer Pathophysiology
Prognosis for Cancer Patients in a Palliative Phase
Cancer Treatment and HRV: The Case of Anthracyclines
Cancer Symptoms and HRV
References
Chapter 14: Psychiatry
Introduction
Depression
Pathophysiology of Depressive Disorders
Stress Reactions and Immune System
Monoamines
Glutamate and GABA Receptors
Neurotrophic Theory
Depression and Heart Disease
Depression and Changes in HRV
Conclusion
Psychosis
Phobias
Stress-Related Disorders
Introduction
Physiology and Pathophysiology of Stress
HRV Changes in Stress-Related Disorders
References
Chapter 15: Diabetes
Introduction
HRV and Diabetes
Role of HRV in Evaluation of Diabetic Patients
Early Detection of DAN: Desirable or Not Necessary?
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 16: Other Studies
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Exercise in COPD Patients
Conclusion
Kidney Disease
End-Stage Renal Disease and Dialysis
Transplantation
General Conclusion
Sleep Apnea
Complementary Medicine
Acupuncture
HRV Biofeedback
References
Chapter 17: Conclusion
HRV as Publication-Generating Machine
Conclusion
References
Bibliography
Index
