Text in English and Romanian. Translated in English: Andreea Drăgan.
The current research is guided after a series of theories about the definition of the military elites within the Empires of the steppes of the Early Middle Ages. The purpose was not to develop their every detail, however they have been used for the interpretation of the funerary inventories which characterize the Avar graves, particularly in order to distinguish between 'military chiefs' and ordinary warriors or to establish the position occupied by the 'military chiefs' from Transylvania in the military hierarchy of the Avar Khaganate.
The basis of the current endeavor is the study of the Avar cemeteries. These provide important data about the prominence of the military and political leaders belonging to the Avar elite. As to why the cemeteries, and not the settlements as well, the explanation lies in the fact that the settlements studied so far in the Transylvanian basin, already very few, offer insufficient data about the elites of the communities that inhabited it.
Author(s): Cǎlin Cosma
Publisher: Editura Mega
Year: 2018
Language: English, Romanian
Pages: 108
City: Cluj‑Napoca
I. ARGUMENT 7
II. THE WARRIORS OF THE STEPPES AND 'STATUS SYMBOLS' 11
III. GRAVES OF AVAR MILITARY CHIEFS IN TRANSYLVANIA 21
III.1. The Avar military chiefs of the Band-Noșlac type cemeteries from Transylvania 21
III.1.1. The grave from Unirea II/Vereșmort (c. 5, Pl. 11–17) 21
III.2. The military chiefs from the Avar cemeteries from Transylvania 28
III.2.1. The grave from Cicău (c. 3, Pl. 4–5) 32
III.2.2. The grave from Teiuș (c. 4, Pl. 6–10) 37
III.2.3. The graves from Câmpia Turzii (c. 2, Pl. 2–3) 40
III.2.4. The grave from Bratei/Cemetery no. 2 (c. 1, Pl. 1) 41
IV. FINAL REMARKS 45
V. CATALOG OF GRAVES BELONGING TO THE AVAR MILITARY CHIEFS FROM TRANSYLVANIA 49
Technical abbreviations 49
1. Bratei (Sibiu county) – cemetery no. 2 49
Avar grave with horse 50
2. Câmpia Turzii (Cluj county) – Land of dr. Miklós Betegh 51
Grave 1 52
Grave 2 53
Grave 3 54
Grave 4 54
Finds from other graves 54
3. Cicău (Alba county) – Săliște 57
Grave 3 57
4. Teiuş (Alba county) – Cetăţuie 61
Grave 53 62
5. Unirea II/Vereșmort (Alba county) – Traian str., no. 827 68
Grave 1 68
BIBLIOGRAPHY 79
PLATES 89
I. ARGUMENT 7
II. RĂZBOINICII STEPELOR ȘI 'ÎNSEMNELE DE RANG' 11
III. MORMINTE DE ȘEFI MILITARI AVARI DIN TRANSILVANIA 21
III.1. Șefi militari avari în cimitirele de tip Band-Noșlac din Transilvania 21
III.1.1. Mormântul de la Unirea II/Vereșmort (c. 5, Pl. 11–17) 21
III.2. Șefi militari în cimitirele avare din Transilvania 27
III.2.1. Mormântul de la Cicău (c. 3, Pl. 4–5) 33
III.2.2. Mormântul de la Teiuș (c. 4, Pl. 6–10) 37
III.2.3. Mormintele de la Câmpia Turzii (c. 2, Pl. 2–3) 41
III.2.4. Mormântul de la Bratei/Cimitirul nr. 2 (c. 1, Pl. 1) 41
IV. PRECIZĂRI FINALE 45
V. CATALOGUL MORMINTELOR DE ȘEFI MILITARI AVARI DIN TRANSILVANIA 49
Abrevieri tehnice 49
1. Bratei (jud. Sibiu) – cimitirul nr. 2 49
Mormânt de avar cu cal 50
2. Câmpia Turzii (jud. Cluj) – Terenul lui dr. Miklós Betegh 51
Mormântul 1 52
Mormântul 2 53
Mormântul 3 54
Mormântul 4 54
Piese din alte morminte 54
3. Cicău (jud. Alba) – Săliște 57
Mormântul 3 57
4. Teiuş (jud. Alba) – Cetăţuie 61
Mormântul 53 62
5. Unirea II/Vereșmort (jud. Alba) – str. Traian, nr. 827 69
Mormântul 1 69
BIBLIOGRAFIE 79
PLANȘE 89
