This is a monograph on the chronological strata indentification of Sino-Thai corresponding lexical items or lookalikes, with special reference to Chinese historical phonology (esp. Old Chinese and Middle Chinese) and a Chinese dialect(Shantou[Swato] dialect, a variety of Min dialects) .corresponding wordlists of Swato loans in Thai, and Sino-Thai lookalikes are listed in the book, too.
Abstract
A Study of Sino-Thai Chronological Strata
This is a study of the chronological strata of Sino-Thai
corresponding lexical items. After sorting up the corresponding lexical
items found by other scholars and the writer himself, with the aid of
sound laws of correspondences and chronology-specific sound
changes from Old Chinese to Middle Chinese, the writer identifies
and analyzes the 3 distinctive strata reflected in the Chinese and Thai
corresponding lexical items: Old Chinese (OC) stratum, Middle
Chinese (MC) stratum and the recent stratum from southern Chinese
dialects, together with some minor identifiable strata.
In part 1, the writer introduces the aim of this research, Thai and
its position in the relationship of Asian languages, earlier studies by
other scholars in this area. The principle, approach and procedure of
this research are also introduced in this part.
In part 2, tables are used to illustrate Zhengzhang-Pan’s
reconstruction systems of OC and MC, Fang Kuei Li’s Proto-Tai
reconstruction system, Thai transcription convention and Modern
Thai phonological system.
In Part 3, the writer discusses the sound laws concerning initials,
finals and tones between the Chaozhou-Shantou loanwords in Thai
and the Shantou dialect, the semantic categories of the loanwords, a
comparison of the words with loanwords from the South Min dialects
in Indonesian, the localization of the loanwords. In addition to this,
the writer also discusses to some length the chronology and
stratification with regard to the loss of -n and -t codas in
Chaozhou-Shantou dialects.
In Part 4, the writer uses Thai doublets(or triplets) to prove the
identification of the two significant strata, OC and MC strata, of
Sino-Thai. Some doublets reflect clearly the distinctions of OC and
MC phonological forms in a minimal pair. Some even seem to reflect
the features of word families.
Part 5 is about the identification of initial strata. The writer first
lists and discusses briefly the overall sound laws and the
stratifications reflected in the set of lexical items with regard to MC
initials, then lays the emphasis on the detailed discussion of OC
stratum along the line of Written Thai (WT) initial forms: WT CLinitial cluster vs. MC Division-II ( 二 等 ), MC Division-III of
Chongniu (重纽三等), MC Division-III of the Geng rhyme class (庚
韵三等), MC Laimu *l (来母), MC Yusi *j (喻四) and MC dentals,
etc.; WT hN- vs. MC nasals or fricatives; WT r- vs. MC *l or *j-,
ABSTRACT 3
WT l- vs. MC *j- etc.. Questions such as the nature and sound change
features of such initial types, the chronologies of the loss of initial
consonant clusters and hN- initials in Chinese are also addressed
respectively in this part.
The identification of strata in finales and tones are discussed in
part 6. Topics in this part include: Old strata of Tone Qusheng (去声)
reflected in Sino-Thai, Old strata of Sino-Thai corresonding to the OC
rhymes such as Yu (鱼), Duo (铎), Yang (阳), or Ge (歌), the /o/ and
// strata in OC rhymes with –n -t -b -m codas, whether the MC
Yinsheng rhyme classes (阴声韵) had codas of voiced stops in OC,
whether the Rusheng (入声) ending stops were voiced or voiceless in
OC, and the possibility of a reconstructible Proto-Tai 6 vowel system,
the strata of tones, etc.
In part 7, the writer discusses some relevant questions: the nature
of Old Yue language(s), which is believed to be the ancestor of Tai or
Kam-Tai languages, early territories of the Tai languages, substratum
of old Yue in Southern Chinese dialects, Sino-Thai in the perspective
of Thai-related languages, etc.; questions such as synonymous，
polysemous and disyllabic correspondences in Sino-Thai are also
addressed in this part.
Author(s): GONG Qunhu (龚群虎)
Edition: 1
Publisher: Fudan University Press (复旦大学出版社)
Year: 2002.12
Language: Chinese
Pages: 360
City: Shanghai (上海)
Tags: Chinese historical phonology, Thai, Language contact, Old Chinese, Middle Chinese, Shantou dialect, Swato dialect
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Research aims and methodology 1
1.1 Questions and aims 1
1.2 The Thai language and Sino-Thai studies 2
1.3 Background, research method and procedure 6
Chapter 2 Phonological systems of Old Chinese, Proto-Tai and
Written Thai 17
2.1 Phonological systems of Old Chinese and Middle Chinese 17
2.2 Written Thai transcription, phonological systems of
Modern Thai and Proto-Tai 22
Chapter 3 Chaozhou-Shantou loanwords in Thai 33
3.1 Introduction 33
3.2 Phonological correspondences 34
3.3 Semantic categories of the loanwords 49
3.4 A comparison with Minnan loanwords in Indonesian 53
3.5 Related discussions 55
Chapter 4 Basic strata of Sino-Thai corresponding lexical
items 57
4.1 Theoretical approximation of the chronology of Sino-Thai
early contact 57
4.2 Strata corresponding to Old Chinese and Middle Chinese 58
4.3 Doublets and chronological strata 61
Chapter 5 Strata of initials 77
5.1 General correspondences 77
5.2 Detailed discussions: Initial correspondences and strata 97
Chapter 6 Strata of finals and tones 141
6.1 Final strata corresponding to Old Chinese 144
6.2 Some final-related questions 174
6.3 Strata of tonal correspondences 184
Chapter 7 Discussions on related issues 195
7.1 Thai ancestral language viewed from received documents and
Chinese dialects 196
7.2 Sino-Thai words and and other related languages 216
7.3 Homophonous and polysemous correspondences 227
7.4 Disyllabic correspondences 234
7.5 Concluding remarks 235
References 237
Major sources of language form citations 237
References 237
Appendix 1 List of Chaozhou-Shantou loanwords in Thai
251
Character index 252
Word list 257
Appendix 2 List of Sino-Thai corresponding lexical items
281
Acknowledgement 359
