Language: English
Pages: 408
front-matter......Page 2
Introduction......Page 10
Trends......Page 11
Challenges and Outlook......Page 13
References......Page 15
The Physical Symbol System Hypothesis: Status and Prospects......Page 18
Introduction......Page 27
Prologue (1956): The Information Processing View......Page 28
Act I (1960s): Heuristic Search and Knowledge Representation......Page 30
Act II (1980s): Neural Networks......Page 31
Act III (1990s): Embodiment and Multi-agent Systems......Page 32
Act IV (2000s): Semiotic Dynamics......Page 33
Epilogue: Peeking into the Future......Page 35
References......Page 37
Highlights of AI History---From Gödel to 2006......Page 38
No Brain Without a Body / AI Becoming a Formal Science......Page 41
Formal AI Definitions......Page 42
Universal, Mathematically Optimal, But Incomputable AI......Page 43
Fully Self-referential, Self-improving Gödel Machine......Page 44
Practical Algorithms for Program Learning......Page 45
The Next 25 Years......Page 46
A Pattern in the History of Revolutions?......Page 47
Introduction and Motivation......Page 51
Experimental Results......Page 53
Effect of Restraining Joints and of Environment Modification......Page 54
The Bioloid Robotic Platform......Page 55
Implementation of Simulated Robots......Page 56
Discussion and Looking Ahead......Page 58
References......Page 59
Philosophical Preliminaries......Page 62
The Birth of AI......Page 64
Enaction......Page 67
Conclusion......Page 69
Introduction......Page 72
Theories of Cognition......Page 73
A Philosophical Stalemate......Page 74
An Empirical Resolution......Page 75
The Failure of Embodied-Embedded AI?......Page 76
Bodily Self-regulation......Page 77
Sensorimotor Coupling and Intersubjective Interaction......Page 78
A Fully Enactive AI?......Page 79
An Empirical Stalemate......Page 80
A Phenomenological Resolution......Page 81
Conclusion......Page 82
References......Page 83
Introduction......Page 85
Categorization in the Real World......Page 86
Information Self-structuring......Page 87
On Morphology, Dynamics, and Control......Page 89
On the Interaction of Physical and Information Processes......Page 91
References......Page 92
Introduction: Information Self-structuring in Ontogeny......Page 96
Information Distance......Page 97
Experience Distance......Page 98
Development of Artificial Cortex: Using Information Theory as a Means for Self-organizing Sensorimotor Structures Grounded in Experience......Page 99
Temporally Extended Experience and Interaction Histories......Page 102
Summary and Outlook......Page 104
Introduction......Page 108
Information as a Guiding Principle......Page 109
Structure of Information......Page 111
Virtue Out of Necessity: Parsimony as Organizational Principle......Page 114
Outstanding Research Issues......Page 115
Final Remarks......Page 117
References......Page 119
Introduction......Page 121
On the Information Metrics of Intelligent Moving Bodies......Page 124
A Self Organizing Network Model for Embodied Agent Communication Pragmatics Coevolution......Page 128
References......Page 131
Introduction......Page 133
Distributed Nature of Learning and Memory in Brain......Page 135
Distributed Memory......Page 136
Distributed Learning......Page 137
Test Conditions and Algorithms......Page 138
Environment as a Common Memory......Page 139
An Implicit Learning Process......Page 140
Conclusions and Future Works......Page 141
Introduction......Page 143
``Cheap Design" for Locomotion......Page 144
Body Dynamics for Behavioral Diversity......Page 146
Control and Learning Through Body Dynamics......Page 148
Discussion: Challenges and Perspectives......Page 150
Introduction......Page 153
The Method......Page 154
The Control Algorithm......Page 155
Experiments......Page 158
Discussion: Lessons from This Case Study......Page 159
Conclusion......Page 161
Introduction......Page 163
Approach......Page 165
Integration of Bacteria with the Microrobot Body......Page 166
Bacteria Attached Micro-bead Propulsion Experiments......Page 168
Chemical Stimulus Based On/Off Motion Control......Page 169
Conclusions......Page 170
References......Page 171
Introduction......Page 173
Sensors......Page 174
Sensor Chemicals......Page 175
Sensor Mode Selection......Page 176
Experiment I: Rare Events Are Detected......Page 177
Experiment II: Simultaneous Activity Is Observed for All......Page 178
Future Work......Page 180
Introduction......Page 183
Memory Mechanisms in the Brain Are Not Physically Separable from Processing Mechanisms......Page 185
With NI, the Details of the Substrate Matter......Page 186
NI Uses LOTS of Cellular Diversity......Page 187
What Do We Not Know About How Brains Work, But Could Learn?......Page 189
New Neuroscience Tools......Page 190
Neuroscience to AI and Back Again......Page 191
References......Page 192
Introduction......Page 195
Synthesis and Analysis of Minimal Recurrent Neural Controllers......Page 196
Conclusions......Page 203
Introduction......Page 205
Synaptic Plasticity......Page 207
Behavior of a Single Neuron......Page 208
Simulations......Page 209
Obstacle Avoidance Control......Page 210
Discussion and Outlook......Page 212
Brain Area V6A: A Cognitive Model for an Embodied Artificial Intelligence......Page 215
The Parietal Area V6A......Page 216
Visual Neurons Able to Localize Objects in Space......Page 218
Somatosensory Neurons Monitoring Arm Position in Space......Page 221
Neurons Encoding Planning and Execution of Reaching Movements......Page 222
Neurons Encoding the Grasping Phase of Prehension......Page 225
Links to Robotics Research......Page 227
References......Page 228
Introduction......Page 230
The Body and Its Surroundings......Page 231
FMRI Settings......Page 232
Facing Individual Changes......Page 233
Evaluation Procedure......Page 234
Results......Page 235
Discussion......Page 236
Conclusions......Page 238
Introduction......Page 241
Turing Test and Derivatives......Page 242
Compression Tests......Page 243
Competitive Games......Page 244
Smith's Test......Page 245
C-Test......Page 246
Universal Intelligence......Page 247
Summary......Page 248
Introduction......Page 252
State of the Art......Page 253
Towards an Object Based Representation of Space......Page 256
Towards Object Classification......Page 258
Towards a Structure Based Representation of Space......Page 259
Perspectives from a User Study......Page 261
Future Work......Page 262
Conclusion......Page 263
Introduction......Page 266
Anticipation: Coordinating with the Future......Page 269
Anticipation in Natural and Artificial Cognition......Page 271
Conclusions......Page 275
Introduction......Page 280
Audio-Visual Perceptual Technologies......Page 281
Human-Human Computer Support Services......Page 287
Cross-Lingual Human-Human Communication Services......Page 288
Domain-Limited Portable Speech Translators......Page 289
Translation of Parliamentary Speeches and Broadcast News......Page 290
Unlimited Domain Simultaneous Translation......Page 292
The Long Tail of Language......Page 293
References......Page 294
When AI Was Born: The Symbolic Era......Page 297
When AI Began to Crawl: The Era of Behaviour Based Systems......Page 298
Growing Up Socially: The Era of Developmental and Social Robotics......Page 301
The Social Roots of Human Intelligence......Page 302
The Social Roots of Artificial Intelligence......Page 303
Socially Intelligent Robots in the 21st Century: Challenges and Opportunities......Page 305
The Future of AI: Who We Are, and What We Can Become?!......Page 308
References......Page 309
Introduction......Page 312
Intrinsic Motivation in Psychology and Neuroscience......Page 313
The Route to Intrinsically Motivated Machines......Page 315
An Example of Architecture......Page 316
Experiments......Page 318
The Future of Intrinsically Motivated Machines......Page 321
The Second Half of AI......Page 324
On Creativity......Page 326
Conclusion......Page 327
References......Page 328
Introduction......Page 329
Rational-Emotional Architecture......Page 330
Overview on Data Fusion and Ordered Weighted Averaging(OWA)......Page 333
Decision Making Algorithm......Page 334
Experimental Results......Page 336
Conclusion and Future Works......Page 338
References......Page 339
Access Consciousness......Page 341
The Self, Intentions, and Theory of Mind......Page 342
Language......Page 343
Phenomenal Consciousness or "Feel"......Page 344
Three Properties of Raw Feel......Page 346
Neurophysiological Explanations for Feel......Page 347
The Sensorimotor Approach......Page 348
The Localisation of Touch Sensation......Page 351
Change Blindness......Page 352
References......Page 353
Introduction in the Biological Inspiration of the Robot ZAR5......Page 356
Why an Embodiment Close to a Biological Archetype?......Page 357
Humanoid Robot ZAR5 in the Face of the Embodied AI......Page 359
The Muscle-Tendon System......Page 361
The Joints......Page 362
The Control Architecture......Page 363
Novelty of the Approach and Future Challenges......Page 364
References......Page 365
Enactive Cognition: Why Create a Cognitive Humanoid Robot?......Page 367
Why Open-Systems?......Page 369
The $iCub$ Robot: Mechanical and Electronic Specifications......Page 370
The $iCub$ Software Architecture......Page 371
The $iCub$ Cognitive Architecture: An Infrastructure for Developmental Learning and Cognition......Page 372
The $iCub$ Phylogeny: Innate Abilities......Page 373
The $iCub$ Ontongeny: A Scenario for Development......Page 374
Summary......Page 375
Introduction......Page 379
Industrial Robot Interfaces......Page 380
Katana – An Intelligent Personal Robot in Industrial Applications......Page 381
Artificial Intelligence and Optimization Algorithms......Page 385
Fields of Applications......Page 390
Challenges for the Future......Page 392
References......Page 393
Introduction......Page 395
Science Stories......Page 396
Applying Personae to Developing Entities......Page 398
The AILAB......Page 400
The AILAB Islands and Their Respective Populations......Page 401
Summary......Page 406
References......Page 407
back-matter......Page 408
