Based on the bestseller "3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for mobile broadband" and reflecting the ongoing success of LTE throughout the world, this book focuses on LTE with full updates including LTE-Advanced to provide a complete picture of the LTE system. Overview and detailed explanations are given for the latest LTE standards for radio interface architecture, the physical layer, access procedures, broadcast, relaying, spectrum and RF characteristics, and system performance. Key technologies presented include multi-carrier transmission, advanced single-carrier transmission, advanced receivers, OFDM, MIMO and adaptive antenna solutions, advanced radio resource management and protocols, and different radio network architectures. Their role and use in the context of mobile broadband access in general is explained. Both a high-level overview and more detailed step-by-step explanations of the LTE/LTE-Advanced implementation are given. An overview of other related systems such as GSM/EDGE, HSPA, CDMA2000, and WIMAX is also provided. This book is a 'must-have' resource for engineers and other professionals in the telecommunications industry, working with cellular or wireless broadband technologies, giving an understanding of how to utilize the new technology in order to stay ahead of the competition. The authors of the book all work at Ericsson Research and have been deeply involved in 3G and 4G development and standardisation since the early days of 3G research. They are leading experts in the field and are today still actively contributing to the standardisation of LTE within 3GPP. Includes full details of the latest additions to the LTE Radio Access standards and technologies up to and including 3GPP Release 10Clear explanations of the role of the underlying technologies for LTE, including OFDM and MIMO Full coverage of LTE-Advanced, including LTE carrier aggregation, extended multi-antenna transmission, relaying functionality and heterogeneous deploymentsLTE radio interface architecture, physical layer, access procedures, MBMS, RF characteristics and system performance covered in detail
Author(s): Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, Johan Skold
Edition: 1
Publisher: Academic Press
Year: 2011
Language: English
Commentary: ToC missing.
Pages: 447
Tags: Связь и телекоммуникации;Мобильная связь;
4G LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband......Page 2
Copyright......Page 5
Preface......Page 6
Acknowledgements......Page 7
Abbreviations and Acronyms......Page 9
Introduction......Page 17
Evolution of Mobile Systems Before LTE......Page 18
The First 3G Standardization......Page 19
IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced......Page 20
Spectrum for IMT Systems......Page 22
Drivers for LTE......Page 23
The Standardization Process......Page 24
The 3GPP Process......Page 25
The 3G Evolution to 4G......Page 27
High Data Rates: Fundamental Constraints......Page 31
High Data Rates in Noise-Limited Scenarios......Page 33
Higher Data Rates in Interference-Limited Scenarios......Page 34
Higher Data Rates Within A Limited Bandwidth: Higher-Order Modulation......Page 35
Variations in Instantaneous Transmit Power......Page 36
Wider Bandwidth Including Multi-Carrier Transmission......Page 37
Multi-Carrier Transmission......Page 39
Basic Principles of OFDM......Page 43
OFDM Demodulation......Page 45
OFDM Implementation Using IFFT/FFT Processing......Page 46
Cyclic-Prefix Insertion......Page 48
Frequency-Domain Model of OFDM Transmission......Page 50
Channel Estimation and Reference Symbols......Page 51
Frequency Diversity with OFDM: Importance of Channel Coding......Page 52
Selection of Basic OFDM Parameters......Page 53
OFDM Subcarrier Spacing......Page 54
Number of Subcarriers......Page 55
Variations in Instantaneous Transmission Power......Page 56
OFDM as a User-Multiplexing and Multiple-Access Scheme......Page 57
Multi-Cell Broadcast/Multicast Transmission and OFDM......Page 59
Time-Domain Linear Equalization......Page 61
Frequency-Domain Equalization......Page 63
Other Equalizer Strategies......Page 65
Uplink FDMA with Flexible Bandwidth Assignment......Page 66
Basic Principles......Page 68
DFTS-OFDM Receiver......Page 70
Distributed DFTS-OFDM......Page 71
Multi-Antenna Configurations......Page 75
Multiple Receive Antennas......Page 76
Delay Diversity......Page 81
Diversity by Means of Space–Time Coding......Page 82
Transmitter-Side Beam-Forming......Page 84
Basic Principles......Page 87
Precoder-Based Spatial Multiplexing......Page 90
Nonlinear Receiver Processing......Page 91
Link Adaptation: Power and Rate Control......Page 95
Downlink Scheduling......Page 97
Uplink Scheduling......Page 101
Acquiring on Channel-State Information......Page 103
Traffic Behavior and Scheduling......Page 104
Advanced Retransmission Schemes......Page 105
Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining......Page 106
LTE Radio Access: An Overview......Page 111
Transmission Scheme......Page 112
Channel-Dependent Scheduling and Rate Adaptation......Page 113
Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining......Page 115
Flexibility in Duplex Arrangement......Page 116
Multicast and Broadcast Support......Page 118
LTE Release 10 and IMT-Advanced......Page 119
Extended Multi-Antenna Transmission......Page 120
Terminal Capabilities......Page 121
Core Network......Page 125
Radio Protocol Architecture......Page 127
Radio-Link Control......Page 129
Medium-Access Control......Page 131
Logical Channels and Transport Channels......Page 132
Scheduling......Page 134
Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining......Page 137
Physical Layer......Page 139
Control-Plane Protocols......Page 140
State Machine......Page 141
Overall Time–Frequency Structure......Page 143
Normal Subframes and Mbsfn Subframes......Page 147
Carrier Aggregation......Page 148
Frequency-Domain Location Of LTE Carriers......Page 150
Duplex Schemes......Page 151
Frequency-Division Duplex (FDD)......Page 152
Time-Division Duplex (TDD)......Page 153
LTE and TD-SCDMA Coexistence......Page 156
Processing Steps......Page 159
CRC Insertion Per Transport Block......Page 160
Code-Block Segmentation and Per-Code-Block CRC Insertion......Page 161
Channel Coding......Page 162
Bit-Level Scrambling......Page 163
Antenna Mapping......Page 164
Localized and Distributed Resource Mapping......Page 165
Downlink Reference Signals......Page 168
Structure of a Single Reference Signal......Page 169
Multiple Reference Signals......Page 171
Demodulation Reference Signals......Page 172
CSI Reference Signals......Page 174
CSI-RS Structure......Page 175
Multi-Antenna Transmission......Page 177
Transmit Diversity for Two Antenna Ports......Page 179
Transmit Diversity for Four Antenna Ports......Page 180
Codebook-Based Precoding......Page 181
Closed-Loop Operation......Page 183
Open-Loop Operation......Page 184
Non-Codebook-Based Precoding......Page 185
MU-MIMO within Transmission Modes 8/9......Page 187
MU-MIMO Based on CRS......Page 188
Downlink L1/L2 Control Signaling......Page 189
Physical Control Format Indicator Channel......Page 190
Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel......Page 193
Physical Downlink Control Channel......Page 195
Downlink Scheduling Assignment......Page 197
Signaling of Downlink Resource-Block Allocations......Page 201
Signaling of Transport-Block Sizes......Page 203
Uplink Scheduling Grants......Page 205
Signaling of Uplink Resource-Block Allocations......Page 208
Carrier Aggregation and Cross-Carrier Scheduling......Page 209
PDCCH Processing......Page 211
Blind Decoding of PDCCHs......Page 215
Processing Steps......Page 219
Mapping to the Physical Resource......Page 221
Hopping Based on Cell-Specific Hopping/Mirroring Patterns......Page 223
Hopping Based on Explicit Hopping Information......Page 225
Uplink Demodulation Reference Signals......Page 226
Basic Principles of Uplink DM-RS......Page 227
Phase-Rotated Reference-Signal Sequences......Page 229
Reference-Signal Assignment to Cells......Page 230
Multiple Demodulation Reference Signals......Page 232
Periodic SRS Transmission......Page 233
Aperiodic SRS Transmission......Page 236
Precoder-Based Multi-Antenna Transmission for PUSCH......Page 237
Uplink Multi-User MIMO......Page 240
Uplink L1/L2 Control Signaling......Page 242
Uplink L1/L2 Control Signaling on PUCCH......Page 243
PUCCH Format 1......Page 245
PUCCH Format 2......Page 250
PUCCH Format 3......Page 252
Simultaneous Transmission of Multiple Feedback Reports......Page 254
Resource-Block Mapping for PUCCH......Page 257
Uplink L1/L2 Control Signaling on PUSCH......Page 258
Uplink Timing Alignment......Page 261
Retransmission Protocols......Page 263
Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining......Page 264
Uplink Hybrid ARQ......Page 267
Hybrid-ARQ Timing......Page 271
Radio-Link Control......Page 275
Segmentation, Concatenation, and Reassembly of RLC SDUs......Page 276
RLC Retransmission......Page 277
RLC Operation......Page 278
Uplink Power Control......Page 281
Uplink Power Control – Some Basic Rules......Page 282
Power Control for PUCCH......Page 283
Power Control for PUSCH......Page 285
Power Headroom......Page 287
Scheduling and Rate Adaptation......Page 288
Downlink Scheduling......Page 289
Uplink Scheduling......Page 291
Scheduling Requests and Buffer Status Reports......Page 293
Semi-Persistent Scheduling......Page 296
Scheduling for Half-Duplex FDD......Page 297
Channel-State Reporting......Page 298
Discontinuous Reception (DRX) and Component Carrier Deactivation......Page 303
Inter-Cell Interference Coordination......Page 306
Heterogeneous Network Deployments......Page 309
Interference Handling in a Heterogeneous Deployment......Page 310
Interference Coordination in the Case of Home-eNodeB......Page 315
Overview of LTE Cell Search......Page 317
PSS Structure......Page 319
System Information......Page 320
MIB and BCH Transmission......Page 321
System-Information Blocks......Page 324
Random Access......Page 326
Step 1: Random-Access Preamble Transmission......Page 328
PRACH Time–Frequency Resources......Page 329
Preamble Structure and Sequence Selection......Page 330
Preamble Sequence Generation......Page 331
Step 2: Random-Access Response......Page 333
Step 3: Terminal Identification......Page 334
Paging......Page 335
Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services......Page 339
Architecture......Page 340
Overall Channel Structure and Physical-Layer Processing......Page 341
Scheduling of MBMS Services......Page 344
Relaying......Page 347
Relays in LTE......Page 348
Overall Architecture......Page 349
Backhaul Design for Inband Relaying......Page 350
Access-Link Hybrid-ARQ Operation......Page 351
Backhaul-Link Hybrid-ARQ Operation......Page 352
Backhaul Downlink Control Signaling......Page 353
Reference Signals for the Backhaul Link......Page 357
Backhaul–Access Link Timing......Page 358
Spectrum Defined for IMT Systems by the ITU-R......Page 363
Frequency Bands for LTE......Page 364
New Frequency Bands......Page 367
Flexible Spectrum USE......Page 368
Flexible Channel Bandwidth Operation......Page 369
Carrier Aggregation for LTE......Page 371
Multi-Standard Radio Base Stations......Page 375
Overview of RF Requirements for LTE......Page 377
Transmitter Characteristics......Page 378
Regional Requirements......Page 379
Band-Specific UE Requirements Through Network Signaling......Page 380
Base-Station Classes......Page 381
Transmitted Signal Quality......Page 382
Unwanted Emissions Requirements......Page 383
Base-Station Operating Band Unwanted Emission Limits......Page 384
UE Spectrum Emission Mask......Page 385
Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio......Page 386
Transmitter Intermodulation......Page 388
Receiver Susceptibility to Interfering Signals......Page 389
Performance Assessment......Page 393
End-User Perspective of Performance......Page 394
Performance in Terms of Peak Data Rates and Latency......Page 395
Performance Evaluation of LTE-Advanced......Page 396
Models and Assumptions......Page 397
Evaluation Criteria......Page 399
Performance Numbers for FDD......Page 400
Performance Numbers for TDD......Page 401
Conclusion......Page 403
HSPA......Page 405
Architecture......Page 407
Channel-Dependent Scheduling......Page 408
Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining......Page 409
Control-Plane Latency Reductions......Page 410
UTRA TDD......Page 411
GSM/EDGE......Page 412
Objectives for GSM/EDGE Evolution......Page 413
Multi-Carrier EDGE......Page 414
Reduced TTI and Fast Feedback......Page 415
Higher Symbol Rates......Page 416
Voice Service over Adaptive Multi-User Channels......Page 417
CDMA2000 and HRPD/1x EV-DO......Page 418
1x EV-DO Rev 0......Page 419
1x EV-DO Rev A......Page 420
IEEE 802.16e, Mobile WiMAX and 802.16 m......Page 421
IEEE 802.16e and Mobile WiMAX......Page 422
IEEE 802.16 m – WiMAX for IMT-Advanced......Page 424
Summary......Page 425
Where To Go in the Future?......Page 427
Network Energy Efficiency......Page 428
Machine-Type Communication......Page 429
Direct Device-to-Device Communication......Page 430
Concluding Remarks......Page 431
References......Page 433
Index......Page 439
