250 Cases in Clinical Medicine

Front Cover
Inside Front Cover
250 Cases in Clinical Medicine
Copyright Page
Table Of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Dedication
Figure Sources
Respiratory System
Introduction to Section
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
1 Asthma
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
2 Bronchiectasis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
3 Collapsed Lung
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Further Information
4 Consolidation
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
5 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
What do you understand by the term chronic bronchitis?
What is the definition of emphysema?
What do you understand by the term chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Advanced-Level Questions
What is the mechanism of reduction in expiratory capacity in chronicobstructive pulmonary disease?
What is the role of inflammatory mechanisms in chronic obstructivepulmonary disease?
What is the role of proteolysis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
What is the main cause of death and disability in chronic obstructivepulmonary disease?
What is the explanation for the cardiac silhouette on chest radiography inpatients with emphysema?
What is the role of high-resolution computed tomography in the diagnosisof emphysema?
What is the differential diagnosis in a patient with suspected COPD?
How would you classify the severity of airflow obstruction in COPD patients?
Are you aware of any tools to assess patients’ symptoms?
If the patient was between the ages of 30 and 45 years, what would youconsider to be the underlying cause of the emphysema?
What medications are commonly used in outpatient treatment of chronicobstructive pulmonary disease?
How would you treat an acute exacerbation?
What is the role of inhaled steroids in chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease?
What are the organisms commonly associated with exacerbations of chronicobstructive pulmonary disease?
What clinical features would suggest that this patient is suitable forlong-term domiciliary oxygen therapy?
How can the sensation of breathlessness be reduced?
How would you treat acute respiratory failure?
What do you know about non-invasive ventilation?
What do you know about the BODE index?
What do you know about molecular genetics of chronic obstructivepulmonary disease?
What is the role of surgery in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
What is the best method for communicating spirometry findings to patients?
What are the general indications for lung transplantation?
What is the role of nutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Mention some newer treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Further Information
6 Cor Pulmonale
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
What do you understand by the term cor pulmonale?
Mention respiratory diseases that can be complicated by cor pulmonale.
Advanced-Level Questions
How would you manage a patient with cor pulmonale?
What is the prognosis in cor pulmonale?
What is the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease andleft ventricular function?
7 Cystic Fibrosis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
8 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
9 Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Patient 1
Patient 2
Patient 3
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
10 Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Where is the obstruction?
What is the significance of neck circumference?
Further Information
11 Old Tuberculosis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Patient 1
Patient 2
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
12 Pleural Effusion
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading
13 Pleural Rub
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
14 Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
Abdomen
Introduction to Section
Salient Features
History
Examination
15 Ascites
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading and Information
16 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading
17 Cirrhosis of the Liver
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
18 Felty’s Syndrome
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
19 Haemochromatosis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
20 Hepatomegaly
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Remember
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
21 Jaundice
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
22 Polycystic Kidney Disease
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading and Information
23 Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
24 Splenomegaly
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
25 Transplanted Kidney
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
26 Unilateral Palpable Kidney
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
27 Wilson’s Disease
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
Cardiovascular System
Introduction to Section
Salient Features
History
Examination of the Cardiovascular System
Assessing Murmurs
Systolic Murmur
Diastolic Murmur
Classifying Severity of Heart Failure
Further Reading and Information
28 Absent Radial Pulse
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
29 Aortic Regurgitation
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Pulse
Heart
General Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
30 Aortic Stenosis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Pulse
Heart
General Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
31 Atrial Septal Defect
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Ostium Secundum Defect (Anatomically in the Region of the Fossa Ovalis)
Ostium Primum Defect (Anatomically in the Lower Part of the Atrial Septum)
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
32 Coarctation of Aorta
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
33 Constrictive Pericarditis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
34 Dextrocardia
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
35 Ebstein’s Anomaly
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
36 Eisenmenger’s Syndrome
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
37 Fallot’s Tetralogy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading and Information
38 Gallop Rhythm
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
39 Congestive Cardiac Failure
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
40 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
41 Jugular Venous Pulse
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
42 Mitral Regurgitation
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
43 Mitral Stenosis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
44 Mitral Valve Prolapse
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
45 Mixed Aortic Valve Lesion
Instruction
Salient Features
Diagnosis
Questions
46 Mixed Mitral and Aortic Valve Disease
Instruction
Salient Features
Combined Mitral Stenosis and Aortic Stenosis
Combined Mitral Stenosis and Aortic Regurgitation
Combined Mitral and Aortic Regurgitation
Combined Aortic Stenosis and Mitral Regurgitation
Diagnosis
Questions
47 Mixed Mitral Valve Disease
Instruction
Salient Features
Diagnosis
Questions
48 Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
49 Pericardial Rub
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
50 Prosthetic Heart Valves
Instruction
Salient Features
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
51 Pulmonary Stenosis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
52 Slow Pulse Rate
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Pulse
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
53 Tricuspid Regurgitation
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
54 Ventricular Septal Defect
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
Neurology
Introduction to Section
Instruction
History
Examination of the Cranial Nerves
First Cranial Nerve
Second Cranial Nerve
Third, Fourth, and Sixth Cranial Nerves
Fifth Cranial Nerve
Seventh Cranial Nerve
Eighth Cranial Nerve
Ninth and Tenth Cranial Nerves
Eleventh Cranial Nerves
Twelfth Cranial Nerve
Neurological Examination of the Upper Limbs
Neurological Examination of the Lower Limbs
Approach to A Myopathic Patient
Further Information
55 Abnormal Gait
Instruction
Salient Features
Examination
Cerebellar Gait
Parkinsonian Gait
Hemiplegic Gait
Sensory Ataxia
High Stepping Gait
Scissor Gait
Waddling Gait
Advanced-Level Questions
56 Argyll Robertson Pupil
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
57 Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
58 Bilateral Spastic Paralysis (Spastic Paraplegia)
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
59 Bitemporal Hemianopia
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
60 Brown-Séquard Syndrome
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
61 Bulbar Palsy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
62 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
63 Cauda Equina Syndrome
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
64 Central Scotoma
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
65 Cerebellar Dysarthria
Instruction
Salient Features
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
66 Cerebellar Syndrome
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
67 Cerebellopontine Angle Tumour
Instruction
Salient Features
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
68 Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease (Peroneal Muscular Atrophy)
Instruction
Salient Features
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
69 Chorea
Patient 1: Sydenham’s Chorea
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Patient 2: Huntington Disease
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
70 Lateral Popliteal Nerve Palsy, L4, L5 (Common Peroneal Nerve Palsy)
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
71 Deformity of a Lower Limb
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
72 Dermatomyositis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading and Information
73 Expressive Dysphasia
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
74 Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy (Landouzy–Déjérine Syndrome)
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Further Information
75 Friedreich’s Ataxia
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
76 Guillain–Barré Syndrome
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
77 Hemiballismus
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
78 Hemiplegia
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
79 Homonymous Hemianopia
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
80 Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
81 Jerky Nystagmus
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
82 Limb Girdle Dystrophy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
83 Motor Neurone Disease
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
84 Multiple Sclerosis
Patient 1
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Patient 2
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
85 Multiple System Atrophy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
86 Myasthenia Gravis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
87 Myotonia Congenita
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
88 Dystrophia Myotonica
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
89 Neurofibromatosis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
90 Parkinson’s Disease
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
91 Peripheral Neuropathy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
92 Proximal Myopathy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-level Questions
Further Information
93 Pseudobulbar Palsy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
94 Ptosis and Horner’s Syndrome
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
95 Radial Nerve Palsy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
96 Seventh Cranial Nerve Palsy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
97 Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
98 Speech
Instruction
Salient Features
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
99 Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
100 Syringomyelia
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
101 Tabes Dorsalis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
102 Tetraplegia
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
103 Third Cranial Nerve Palsy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
104 Tremors
Patient 1
Instruction
Salient Features
Examination
Diagnosis
Patient 2
Instruction
Salient Features
Examination
Diagnosis
Patient 3
Instruction
Salient Features
Examination
Diagnosis
Patient 4
Instruction
Salient Features
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading and Information
105 Tunnel Vision
Instruction
Salient Features
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
106 Ulnar Nerve Palsy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
107 Wallenberg Syndrome (Lateral Medullary Syndrome)
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading and Information
108 Wasting of the Small Muscles of the Hand
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Cause of Wasted Hands
Questions
109 Winging of the Scapula
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Rheumatology
Introduction to Section
General Guidelines for Examination of Joints
History
Examination
Examination of the Hands
Examination of the Knees
Examination of the Feet
Further Information
110 Ankylosing Spondylitis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading and Information
111 Charcot’s Arthropathy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Further Information
112 Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
113 Gout
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
114 Osteoarthritis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
115 Painful Knee Joint
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
116 Psoriatic Arthritis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
117 Rheumatoid Hands
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
118 Still’s Disease (Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis)
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Further Information
Dermatology
119 Acanthosis Nigricans
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
120 Acne Vulgaris
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
121 Alopecia Areata
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
122 Arterial Leg Ulcer
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Further Reading
123 Arteriovenous Fistula
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
124 Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
125 Bullous Eruption
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
126 Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
127 Eruptive Xanthomata
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
128 Erythema Ab Igne
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
129 Erythema Multiforme
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
130 Erythema Nodosum
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
131 Fungal Nail Disease
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading
132 Hairy Leukoplakia
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
133 Henoch–Schönlein Purpura
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
134 Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Osler–Weber–Rendu Syndrome)
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
135 Herpes Simplex
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
136 Herpes Zoster Syndrome (Shingles)
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
137 Ichthyosis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
138 Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
139 Lichen Planus
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
140 Lichen Simplex
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
141 Lipodystrophy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
142 Lupus Pernio
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading and Information
143 Maculopapular Rash
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
144 Malignant Melanoma
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
145 Molluscum Contagiosum
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
146 Mycosis Fungoides (Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma)
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading and Information
147 Nail Changes
Instruction
Salient Features
148 Necrobiosis Lipoidica
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
149 Onycholysis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Further Reading and Information
150 Palmar Xanthomata
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Advanced-Level Questions
151 Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading and Information
152 Phlebitis Migrans
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
153 Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
Patient 1:
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Patient 2:
Instruction
Salient Features
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
154 Psoriasis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading and Information
155 Purpura
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Question
Further Information
156 Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
157 Raynaud’s Phenomenon
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading and Information
158 Rosacea
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
159 Scleroderma
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading and Information
160 Seborrhoeic Dermatitis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading
161 Sturge–Weber Syndrome (Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis)
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
162 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading and Information
163 Tuberous Sclerosis (Bourneville’s or Pringle’s Disease)
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
164 Urticaria
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
165 Urticaria Pigmentosa
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
166 Venous Ulcer
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading
167 Vitiligo
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading
168 Xanthelasma
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
169 Xanthomata
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
The Eye
Introduction to Section
Examination of the Eye
Examination
Clinicopathologic Correlations of Retinal Haemorrhages and Exudates
170 Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Senile Macular Degeneration)
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
171 Cataracts
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
172 Cholesterol Embolus in the Fundus
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
173 Diabetic Retinopathy
Instruction
Patient 1
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Patient 2
Salient Features
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Patient 3
Salient Features
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Patient 4
Salient Features
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
174 Hypertensive Retinopathy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading and Information
175 Optic Atrophy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
176 Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
177 Papilloedema
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
178 Retinal Detachment
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading
179 Retinal Vein Occlusion
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Patient 1
Patient 2
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading and Information
180 Retinitis Pigmentosa
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
181 Subhyaloid Haemorrhage
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading
182 Vitreous Opacities
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Endocrinology
Introduction to Section
Instruction
Salient Features
Questions
Further Information
183 Acromegaly
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
What are the indicators of disease activity?
How would you investigate this patient?
■ Other investigations to assess for complications of acromegaly:
What therapeutic options are available?
Mention four common causes of death in such patients.
Mention other conditions with excess growth hormone secretion.
Further Reading and Information
184 Addison’s Disease
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
What is the size of the heart in Addison’s deficiency?
Mention some causes of hyperpigmentation.
Mention some causes of primary adrenal insufficiency.
Which conditions may be associated with Addison’s disease?
Advanced-Level Questions
What are the components of Schmidt syndrome?
What do you know about polyglandular syndromes?
What are the features of Allgrove syndrome?
How would you investigate this patient?
How would you manage this patient if the underlying aetiology is autoimmune?
Further Information
185 Carcinoid Syndrome
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading and Information
186 Cushing Syndrome
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
How would you investigate such a patient?
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
187 Diabetic Foot
Instruction
Neuropathic Foot
Salient Features
History
Examination
Ischaemic Foot
Salient Features
History
Examination
Neuropathic and Ischaemic Foot Presenting Together
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
188 Graves’ Disease
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
189 Gynaecomastia
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
190 Hypopituitarism (Simmonds Disease)
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
191 Hypothyroidism
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Further Information
192 Multinodular Goitre
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
193 Obesity
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
194 Carpopedal Spasm (Post-Thyroidectomy Hypoparathyroidism)
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
195 Pretibial Myxoedema
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
196 Orbitopathy
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
197 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Self Assessment Cases
198 Respiratory Case
Instruction
199 Abdominal Case
Instruction
200 Cardiology Case
Instruction
201 Neurology Case
Instruction
202 Rheumatology Case
Instruction
203 Dermatology Case
Instruction
204 Eye Case
Instruction
205 Endocrinology Case
Instruction
Miscellaneous and Symptom Based Cases–Core Medical Curriculum
Introduction to Section
206 The Emergency Presentations
Instruction
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
207 Abdominal Mass
Patient 1
Instruction
Salient Features
Examination
Diagnosis
Patient 2
Instruction
Salient Features
Examination
Diagnosis
Patient 3
Instruction
Salient Features
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Further Information
208 Anxiety
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
209 Back Pain
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
210 Breathlessness
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
211 Bruising
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
212 Cellulitis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Further Information
213 Chest Pain
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
214 Collapse
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
215 Confusion
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading
216 Cough
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
217 Crohn’s Disease
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
218 Diarrhoea
Patient 1
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Patient 2
Instruction
Salient Features
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
219 Dysuria and Haematuria
Instruction
Questions
220 Falls
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
221 Fever
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
222 Haemoptysis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
223 Headache
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
224 Hypertension
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
225 Hypokalaemia/Hyperkalaemia
Instruction
226 Hyponatraemia/Hypernatraemia
Instruction
Further Reading
227 Lymphadenopathy
Instruction
Salient Features
History and Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
228 Melaena
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
229 Memory Loss
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
230 Micturition Difficulties
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Differential Diagnosis
Questions
231 Neck Pain
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
232 Oedema
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
233 Palpitations
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Further Information
234 Poisoning
Questions
235 Pruritus
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
236 Seizures
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
237 Speech Disturbance
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
238 Swallowing Difficulties
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
239 Swollen Leg
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Reading and Information
Cellulitis
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Further Information
240 Syncope
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
241 The Post-Operative Patient
Questions
242 The Pregnant Patient
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
243 Unsteadiness
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
244 Weight Loss
Instruction
Salient Features
History
Examination
Diagnosis
Questions
Advanced-Level Questions
Further Information
Core Medical Procedures
245 Central Line Insertion
Instruction
Questions
246 Chest Drain Insertion for Spontaneous (Non-Traumatic) Pneumothorax
Instruction
Questions
Further Reading
247 Emergency Synchronized Direct Current Cardioversion (DCCV)
Instruction
Questions
248 Knee Arthrocentesis
Instruction
Questions
Further Reading
249 Lumbar Puncture
Instruction
Questions
250 Therapeutic Abdominal Paracentesis
Instruction
Questions
Further Reading
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z