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Wearable Systems and Antennas Technologies for 5G, IOT and Medical Systems

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Due to progress in the development of communication systems, it is now possible to develop low-cost wearable communication systems. A wearable antenna is meant to be a part of the clothing or close to the body and used for communication purposes, which include tracking and navigation, mobile computing and public safety. Examples include smartwatches (with integrated Bluetooth antennas), glasses (such as Google Glass with Wi-Fi and GPS antennas), GoPro action cameras (with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth antennas), etc. They are increasingly common in consumer electronics and for healthcare and medical applications. However, the development of compact, efficient wearable antennas is one of the major challenges in the development of wearable communication and medical systems. Technologies such as printed compact antennas and miniaturization techniques have been developed to create efficient, small wearable antennas which are the main objective of this book.

Each chapter covers enough mathematical detail and explanations to enable electrical, electromagnetic and biomedical engineers and students and scientists from all areas to follow and understand the topics presented. New topics and design methods are presented for the first time in the area of wearable antennas, metamaterial antennas and fractal antennas. The book covers wearable antennas, RF measurements techniques and measured results in the vicinity of the human body, setups and design considerations. The wearable antennas and devices presented in this book were analyzed by using HFSS and ADS 3D full-wave electromagnetics software.

  • Explores wearable medical systems and antennas

  • Explains the design and development of wearable communication systems

  • Explores wearable reconfigurable antennas for communication and medical applications

  • Discusses new types of metamaterial antennas and artificial magnetic conductors (AMC)

  • Reviews textile antennas

Dr. Albert Sabban holds a PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of Colorado at Boulder, USA (1991), and an MBA from the Faculty of Management, Haifa University, Israel (2005). He is currently a Senior Lecturer and researcher at the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Kinneret and Ort Braude Engineering Colleges.

Author(s): Albert Sabban
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2020

Language: English
Pages: 544
City: Boca Raton

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Author
Part I: Fundamentals of Machining and Cutting Tools
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 What Is Machining?
1.2 Industrial Applications of Machining
1.3 Machining Processes: Classification and Types
1.3.1 Classification of Machining Processes
1.3.2 Conventional Machining Processes
1.3.3 Abrasive Machining Processes
1.3.4 Non-Traditional Machining
1.3.5 Micro-Precision Machining and UPM
1.4 Roughing and Finishing in Machining
1.5 Machinability and Machinable Materials
1.5.1 Machinability
1.5.2 Machinable Materials
1.6 Industrial Importance of Calculations in Machining
Questions
References
Chapter 2: Mechanics of Chip Formation
2.1 Chip Formation in Machining
2.2 Orthogonal and Oblique Machining
2.2.1 Orthogonal Machining
2.2.2 Oblique Machining
2.3 Engineering Analysis of Chip Formation
2.4 The Effects of Rake Angle and Shear Plane Angle on Machining
2.5 Merchant’s Equation and Its Industrial Application
2.6 Types of Chips in Machining
2.6.1 The Four Types of Chips
2.6.2 Segmented or Discontinuous Chips
2.6.3 Continuous Chips in Machining
2.6.4 Other Types of Chips
2.6.4.1 Continuous Chips With BUE
2.6.4.2 Serrated Chips
2.7 Calculations—Worked Examples on Mechanics of Chip Formation
Questions and Problems
References
Chapter 3: Forces and Power in Machining
3.1 Importance of Cutting Forces and Power
3.2 Forces on Work, Tool, and Chips during Machining
3.2.1 Forces on Workpiece
3.2.2 Forces on Tool/Chip
3.3 Measuring the Cutting Force and the Thrust Force
3.4 Mathematical Models for Forces in Machining
3.5 Merchant’s Force Circle
3.6 Power and Energy in Machining
3.7 Temperature in Machining
3.8 Calculations – Worked Examples on Cutting Forces and Power
Questions and Problems
References
Chapter 4: Cutting Tools and Materials
4.1 Cutting Tools and Materials: Fundamentals
4.1.1 Cutting Tools and Their Types
4.1.2 Cutting Tool Materials
4.2 Tool Wear and Failure
4.3 Cutting Tool Life – Taylor’s Tool Life Equation
4.4 Cutting Fluids
4.5 Calculations – Worked Examples on Cutting Tools and Materials
Questions and Problems
References
Part II: Conventional Machining and Gear Manufacturing
Chapter 5: Turning Operations and Machines
5.1 Turning Operations and Their Industrial Applications
5.2 Turning-Related Operations
5.3 Lathe – Parts and Mechanism
5.4 Lathe Machine Tools
5.4.1 Speed Lathes
5.4.2 Engine Lathes
5.4.3 Tool Room Lathe
5.4.4 Turret Lathe
5.4.5 Automatic Lathe
5.5 Work Holding Techniques in Lathe Practice
5.6 Engineering Analysis of Straight Turning
5.7 Engineering Analysis of Taper Turning
5.8 Engineering Analysis of Thread Turning
5.9 Calculations – Worked Examples on Turning Operations and Machines
Questions and Problems
References
Chapter 6: Drilling Operations and Machines
6.1 Drilling and Its Industrial Applications
6.2 Drilling-Related Operations and Their Applications
6.3 Drill Bits
6.3.1 Function, Materials, and Types of Drill Bit
6.3.2 Twist Drill Bits
6.4 Drilling Machines
6.4.1 Features and Types of Drilling Machines
6.4.2 Upright Drill Press
6.4.3 Radial Arm Drill Press
6.4.4 Multiple-Spindle and Turret Drilling Machines
6.5 Engineering Analysis of Drilling Operation
6.6 Calculations – Worked Examples on Turning Operations
Questions and Problems
References
Chapter 7: Milling Operations and Machines
7.1 Milling and Its Industrial Importance
7.2 Forms of Milling – Peripheral Milling and Face Milling
7.3 Methods of Milling – Up Milling and Down Milling
7.4 Milling Machines – Cutters and Types of Milling Machines
7.4.1 Milling Cutters
7.4.2 Milling Machines and Their Types
7.4.2.1 Knee-and-Column-Type Milling Machines
7.4.2.2 Universal Horizontal Milling Machines
7.4.2.3 Ram-Type Milling Machines
7.5 Milling Operations
7.5.1 Operations on a Vertical-Spindle Knee-and-Column-Type Milling Machine
7.5.2 Operations on a Horizontal-Spindle Knee-and-Column-Type Milling Machine
7.6 Engineering Analysis of Milling
7.6.1 Cutting Speed and Feed in Milling
7.6.2 Cutter’s Rotational Speed, Table Feed Rate, and MRR
7.6.3 Cutting Time in Milling
7.6.4 Cutting Power and Torque in Milling
7.7 Indexing in Milling
7.7.1 Indexing and Indexing Head
7.7.2 Methods of Indexing
7.7.2.1 Direct Indexing
7.7.2.2 Simple or Plain Indexing
7.7.2.3 Differential Indexing
7.8 Calculations – Worked Examples on Milling
Questions and Problems
References
Chapter 8: Shaping/Planing Operations and Machines
8.1 Shaping/Planing Operation and Its Applications
8.2 Planing Machine Tool – Planer
8.2.1 Planer – Parts and Their Functions
8.2.2 Working Principle of Planer
8.3 Shaping Machine Tool – Shaper
8.3.1 Shaper – Parts and Their Functions
8.3.2 Quick Return Mechanism in a Shaper
8.4 Engineering Analysis of QRM in a Shaper
8.5 Engineering Analysis of Shaping Operation
8.6 Calculations – Worked Examples on Shaping/Shaper
Questions and Problems
References
Chapter 9: Broaching and Broach Design
9.1 Broaching and Its Applications
9.1.1 Broaching – An Introduction
9.1.2 Applications of Broaching
9.2 Broach and Its Design Analysis
9.2.1 Broach and Its Parts
9.2.2 Broach Materials and Types
9.2.3 Design Analysis of Broach
9.3 Engineering Analysis of Broaching Operation
9.4 Calculations – Worked Examples on Broaching
Questions and Problems
References
Chapter 10: Gear Cutting/Manufacturing
10.1 Gears – Spur Gear Nomenclature
10.2 Gear Cutting Methods/Processes
10.3 Gear milling
10.3.1 Gear Milling Process
10.3.2 Engineering Analysis of Gear Milling
10.4 Gear Broaching
10.5 Gear Shaping
10.5.1 Gear Shaping Process
10.5.2 Engineering Analysis of Gear Shaping
10.6 Gear Hobbing
10.6.1 Gear Hobbing Process
10.6.2 Hobbing Cuttting Tool – Hob
10.6.3 Hobbing Machine Tool
10.6.4 Engineering Analysis of Gear Hobbing
10.6.4.1 Engineering Analysis of Single-Cut Pass Gear Hobbing
10.6.4.2 Engineering Analysis of Double-Cut Pass Gear Hobbing
10.7 Calculations – Worked Examples on Gear Manufacturing
10.7.1 Worked Examples on Gear Milling
10.7.2 Worked Examples on Gear Shaping
10.7.3 Worked Examples on Gear Hobbing
Questions and Problems
References
Part III: Grinding/Abrasive Machining Processes
Chapter 11: Grinding Operations and Machines
11.1 Grinding Operation and Its Advantages
11.2 Grinding Wheel and Its Parameters
11.2.1 Grinding Wheel – Grains Cutting Action
11.2.2 Grinding Wheel Parameters
11.3 Surface Finish − Achieving a Good Surface Finish in Grinding
11.4 Surface Roughness/Quality
11.4.1 Surface Quality
11.4.2 Surface Roughness – Parameters and Calculation
11.4.3 Surface Roughness Measurement/Testing
11.5 Grinding (Machining) Machines
11.5.1 Grinding Machines and Their Types
11.5.2 Surface Grinding Machines
11.5.3 Cylindrical Grinding Machines
11.5.4 Centerless Grinding Machines
11.6 Engineering Analyses of Grinding Operations
11.6.1 Engineering Analysis of Surface Grinding
11.6.2 Engineering Analysis of Cylindrical Grinding
11.7 Calculations – Worked Examples on Grinding Operations
Questions and Problems
References
Chapter 12: Abrasive Finishing Machining Operations
12.1 Abrasive Finishing Machining and Their Applications
12.2 Honing and It’s Engineering Analysis
12.2.1 Honing Operation and Its Applications
12.2.2 Mathematical Modeling of Honing
12.3 Lapping – Operation, Advantages, Applications, and Analysis
12.3.1 Lapping Operation
12.3.2 Advantages and Applications of Lapping
12.3.3 Mathematical Modeling of Lapping Operation
12.4 Superfinishing
12.5 Polishing
12.6 Calculations – Worked Examples on Abrasive Finishing Operations
Questions and Problems
References
Part IV: Advanced/Non-Traditional Machining
Chapter 13: Computer Numerically Controlled Machining
13.1 What Is Computer Numerical Control Machining?
13.2 Advantages and Limitations of CNC Machines
13.3 Computer-Aided Design (CAD) in CNC Machining
13.3.1 What Is CAD?
13.3.2 Role of CAD in CAM/CNC Machining
13.4 CNC Machine – Working System
13.4.1 G-Codes and Work-Part Program
13.4.1.1 Code Words in a Part Program
13.4.1.2 Work-Part Program in CNC Programming
13.4.2 Machine Control Unit
13.4.3 Processing Equipment in CNC Machining
13.5 Zero Systems And Positioning Systems in CNC Machining
13.5.1 Zero Systems in CNC Machining
13.5.2 Coordinate Positioning Systems
13.5.3 Positioning System
13.6 Control Systems in CNC Machines
13.6.1 Open-Loop Control CNC System
13.6.2 Closed-Loop Control CNC System
13.7 Mathematical Modeling of Open-Loop Control CNC Machining
13.8 Mathematical Modeling of Closed-Loop CNC System
13.9 Calculations – Worked Examples on CNC Machining
Questions and Problems
References
Chapter 14: Mechanical Energy-based Machining Processes
14.1 What are the Mechanical Energy-Based Machining Processes?
14.2 Ultrasonic Machining (USM)
14.2.1 The USM Process and Its Advantages
14.2.2 Mathematical Modeling of USM
14.3 Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM)
14.3.1 AJM Process and Its Advantages
14.3.2 AJM Process Parameters – Achieving Higher MRR/Better Surface Finish
14.3.3 Mathematical Modeling of AJM
14.4 Water Jet Machining
14.4.1 Water Jet Machining Process and Its Advantages
14.4.2 Mathematical Modeling of Water Jet Machining
14.5 Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM)
14.5.1 AWJM Process and Its Advantages
14.5.2 Mathematical Modeling of AWJM
14.6 Calculations – Worked Examples on Mechanical-Energy Machining
Questions and Problems
References
Chapter 15: Thermal Energy-based Machining Processes
15.1 What Are Thermal Energy Machining Processes?
15.2 Electric Discharge Machining (EDM)
15.2.1 The EDM Process and Its Applications
15.2.2 Mathematical Modeling of EDM
15.3 Electric Discharge Wire Cutting ( EDWC)
15.3.1 The EDWC Process and Its Advantages
15.3.2 Mathematical Modeling of EDWC
15.4 Electron Beam Machining (EBM)
15.4.1 The EBM Process
15.4.2 Mathematical Modeling of EBM
15.5 Laser Beam Machining (LBM)
15.6 Plasma Arc Cutting (PAC)
15.6.1 The PAC Process and Its Advantages/Limitations
15.6.2 Mathematical Modeling for the Operating Cost in PAC
15.7 Calculations – Worked Examples on Thermal Energy Machining
Questions and Problems
References
Chapter 16: Electrochemical Machining and Chemical Machining Processes
16.1 Electrochemical Machining (ECM) Processes
16.2 Electrochemical Machining
16.2.1 The ECM Process and Its Advantages
16.2.2 Chemical Reactions in ECM Process
16.2.3 Mathematical Modeling of ECM
16.2.4 Machining Parameters in ECM to Achieve a Good Surface Finish
16.3 Electrochemical Deburring (ECD)
16.4 Electrochemical Grinding (ECG)
16.5 Chemical Machining
16.6 Calculations – Worked Examples on Electrochemical Machining
Questions and Problems
References
Answers
Index