Water Resources Management and Sustainability: Solutions for Arid Regions

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editors
Part I Hydrological Monitoring
1 Wireless Sensor Networks for Hydrological Monitoring, Helpful Tools for Accurate Models
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Methods
1.3 Results and Discussion
1.4 Conclusions
References
2 Automatic Extraction of Surface Water Bodies from High-Resolution Multispectral Remote Sensing Imagery Using GIS and Deep Learning Techniques in Dubai
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Methods
2.2.1 Study Area
2.2.2 Input Data
2.2.3 Training Data of the Deep Learning Model
2.2.4 Load Model Architecture
2.2.5 Train the Model Through Learning Rate Tuning and Transfer Learning
2.2.6 Test Time Augmentation
2.2.7 Accuracy Assessment
2.3 Results and Discussion
2.3.1 Confidence Threshold and Accuracy of Water Bodies Dataset
2.3.2 Confusion Matrix
2.3.3 False Positives
2.3.4 Cartography Enhancement
2.3.5 Validate the Extracted Water Body Layer Against Reference Layers
2.3.6 Water Bodies Layer Dissemination
2.4 Conclusions
References
Part II Rainfall and Floods
3 Multiple Non-linear Reservoirs to Model Water Balance Components in Sandy Soils
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Methods
3.2.1 Assumption of Gravity-Driven Infiltration (GD)
3.2.2 One Non-linear Reservoir
3.2.3 Multiple Non-linear Reservoirs
3.3 Results and Discussion
3.3.1 Water Content Profiles for Constant Rainfall Intensity
3.3.2 Mass Water Balance
3.3.3 Effect of Number of Reservoirs
3.3.4 Comparison Between the GD Solution and the Richards Equation
3.3.5 Water Content Profiles for Variable Rainfall Intensity
3.4 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
4 Flood Mapping and Assessment During Typhoon Ulysses (Vamco) in Cagayan, Philippines Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Images
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Study Area and Methodology
4.2.1 Description of Study Area
4.2.2 Satellite Data
4.2.3 Flooded Area Determination
4.2.4 Standing Crops Analysis
4.3 Results and Discussion
4.3.1 Quantification of Flooded Area
4.3.2 Affected Rice Area Analysis
4.4 Conclusions
References
5 Trends in Annual Maximum Flood Data in New South Wales Australia
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Methods
5.2.1 Selection of AMF Data for Trend Analysis
5.2.2 Trend Analysis
5.3 Results and Discussion
5.4 Conclusions
References
6 The Impact of Flash Floods on the Extreme Functioning of Undeveloped Basins: Case of the Srou Catchment (March 2010 Flood) (Oum Er-Rbia Basin, Morocco)
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Presentation Du Domaine D’etude
6.3 Climatic and Hydrological Framework
6.3.1 Development of Rainfall Characteristics
6.3.2 Monthly Flow Coefficient of Wadi Srou (1975–2016)
6.4 Material and Methodology
6.4.1 Extraction of Floods from Instantaneous References
6.5 Results and Discussion
6.5.1 Extraction of Floods Form Instantaneous References of the Srou Catchment (1975–2015)
6.5.2 Instantaneous Flood Recorded in 2010
6.5.3 2010 Spring Flood Analysis
6.5.4 Flood Survey 2010 in Chacha Namalleh and Aval Lahri Station in m3/s
6.6 Conclusions
References
7 Analysis of Non-stationary Return Levels Using Extreme Daily Rainfall for Surat City, India
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Methods
7.2.1 Study Area and Data Collection
7.2.2 Methodology
7.3 Result and Discussion
7.3.1 Trend Analysis
7.3.2 Detection of Non-stationarity in the Time Series
7.3.3 The Selection of Best Non-stationary Model
7.3.4 Model Diagnosis of the Selected GEV Models
7.4 Stationary and Non-stationary Return Levels
7.5 Conclusions
References
Part III Droughts
8 Analysis of Hydrological Drought in the Eastern Part of Slovakia Using Standardized Precipitation Index
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Material and Methods
8.3 Results and Discussion
8.4 Conclusions
References
9 Low Flow in the Oued El Abid Basin (Morocco): Better Understand It to Better Manage It (Oum Errbia Basin—Morocco)
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Methods
9.3 Results and Discussion
9.3.1 The Appearance of Low Water Levels in the Oued El Abid Basin
9.3.2 Analysis of the Variability of CNds in the Watershed of Oued El Abid Upstream of the Bin El Ouidane Dam
9.3.3 Frequency Analysis of CNds in the Oued El Abid Watershed
9.3.4 Usefulness of VCNds for Managers
9.4 Conclusion
Bibliography
Part IV Groundwater
10 Development of Long Short-Term Memory Model for Prediction of Water Table Depth in United Arab Emirates
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Materials and Methodology
10.3 Results and Discussion
10.4 Conclusion
References
11 Assessment and Management of Seawater Intrusion in Gaza Aquifer Due to Over Pumping and Sea Level Rise
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Materials and Methods
11.2.1 Study Area and Boundary Conditions
11.2.2 Numerical Model
11.3 Results
11.3.1 Current Situation of SWI in Gaza Aquifer
11.3.2 Numerical Model Verification
11.3.3 Seawater Intrusion in Wadi Gaza in Response to Over Pumping and Sea Level Rise
11.3.4 Management of SWI in Wadi Gaza
11.4 Discussions
11.5 Conclusions
References
12 Analysis of a Joint Impact of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Interventions on Groundwater Depletion in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Aim
12.2 Aim
12.2.1 Methods
12.2.2 Data Collection and Analysis
12.3 Results and Discussion
12.3.1 Characteristics of Climate Parameters
12.3.2 Climate Condition
12.3.3 Results Related to Groundwater
12.3.4 Regulatory Framework
12.4 Conclusions
References
13 Modeling and Prediction of Groundwater Level Fluctuations Using Geoinformatics and Artificial Neural Networks in Al Ain City, UAE
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Methodology
13.2.1 Data Processing
13.2.2 Artificial Neural Networks
13.2.3 Mapping and Visualization
13.3 Results and Discussion
13.4 Conclusions
References
14 Factors Influencing the Site Selection Criteria for Efficient Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) System in Saline Regions
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Methods
14.3 Results and Discussion
14.3.1 Aquifer Hydraulic Conductivity and Hydraulic Gradient
14.3.2 Aquifer Thickness
14.3.3 Longitudinal and Transverse Dispersivity
14.3.4 Density Difference
14.4 Conclusions
References
15 Estimation of Groundwater Resources According to Watershed and Groundwater Divide
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Methods
15.2.1 Selected MASCH
15.2.2 Fundamentals RENATA Code
15.3 Results and Discussion
15.3.1 RENATA Code Application
15.3.2 Recharge Distribution According to the Watershed and the Groundwater Divides
15.4 Conclusions
References
16 CFD Analysis of a Microchannel Heat Exchanger Based 3-D Printed Solar Receiver
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Mathematical Modelling
16.3 Results and Discussion
16.4 Conclusions
References
17 Mapping Groundwater Potential Zones in UAE Using GIS-Based Hydrogeological Modeling
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Hydrogeological Setting
17.3 Materials and Methods
17.4 Results and Discussion
17.5 Conclusion
References
18 Trihalomethane Species Development in Drinking Water
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Methods
18.2.1 Sources of Water Samples
18.2.2 Experimental Procedure
18.2.3 Analytical Methods
18.3 Results and Discussion
18.4 Conclusions
References
19 Climate Change Impact on Water Resources and Rainwater Harvesting Systems in the Semi-arid Regions of India
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Methods
19.3 Results and Discussion
19.3.1 Rainwater Harvesting
19.3.2 Rooftop and Storm Water Harvesting in Urban Area
19.3.3 Sustainable Environmental Technology to Harvest Rainwater in Rural Area
19.4 Conclusions
References
Part V Water Quality
20 Soil Erosion Prioritization of Yarmouk River Basin, Jordan Using Multiple Approaches in a GIS Environment
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Study Area
20.3 Data and Methods
20.3.1 Morphometric Analysis
20.3.2 Prioritization by Land Use/Land Cover (LULC)
20.4 Results and Discussion
20.4.1 Prioritization Based on Morphometric Analysis
20.4.2 Prioritization Based on Land Use/Land Cover (LULC)
20.5 Conclusions
Appendix 1: Methodology Adopted for Computation of Morphometric Parameters
Appendix 2: Morphometric Parameters of YRB
Appendix 3: The Morphometric Parameters of Sub-watersheds in YRB
References
21 Effects of Leachate from Osisioma Open Dumpsite in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria on Surrounding Borehole Water Quality
21.1 Introduction
21.1.1 Description of the Study Area
21.2 Methods
21.2.1 Sample and Sampling Techniques
21.2.2 Groundwater and Leachate Sample Collection and Analysis
21.2.3 Statistical Analysis
21.3 Results and Discussion
21.3.1 Physiochemical and Microbiological Parameters Concentration with Distance from the Dumpsite
21.3.2 Concentration Variation in Physiochemical Parameters of Sampled Boreholes and Leachate
21.3.3 Concentration Variation in Chemical (Heavy Metals) Variables in Sampled Boreholes and Leachate
21.3.4 Concentration Variation in Microbiological Variables in Sampled Boreholes and Leachate
21.3.5 Relationship Between Sampled Borehole Water and W.H.O. Water Quality Standard
21.4 Conclusion
References
22 Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Principal Component and Cluster Analysis
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
22.2.1 Properties of Principal Component
22.2.2 Guidelines When to Use the Principal Component Method of Factor Analysis?
22.2.3 Application of Principal Component Analysis
22.2.4 PCA Applicability to Groundwater Geochemistry Data
22.3 Cluster Analysis
22.3.1 Requirements of Clustering in Data Mining
22.4 Conclusion
References
23 Sediment Assessment of Medjerda High Valley Dams (Tunisia) Using PISA Model
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Study Area
23.3 Methodology
23.4 Results
23.4.1 Inputs Preparation
23.4.2 Model Application
23.5 Discussion
23.6 Conclusions
References
24 Impact Assessment of Inland Desalination Units on Groundwater Quality and Levels in Kuwait
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Methodology
24.3 Results and Discussion
24.3.1 Brine Disposal
24.4 Conclusions
References
Part VI Water Resources Management
25 Model for Optimal Regional Wastewater Systems Planning with Uncertain Wastewater Treatment Capacity
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Optimization Model
25.3 Solution Method
25.3.1 Model Application
25.4 Results
25.5 Conclusions
References
26 Cyber-Physical System for Improving Building Water Use Efficiency
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Methods
26.2.1 Operation of the Prototype and Stakeholder Engagement
26.2.2 Deployment and Data Collection
26.3 Results and Discussion
26.3.1 Potential Savings in a Scaled-Up Deployment
26.4 Conclusions
References
27 Measures Against Climatic Changes for Ghana’s Volta River Basin
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Objectives
27.3 Methodology
27.4 Results
27.5 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
28 Contribution to Implementing a Fair Water and Energy Exchange Between Israel and Jordan
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Methods
28.2.1 Water Production, Including Offshore Desalination at the Israeli Coastline
28.2.2 Water Transport and Regional Strategies
28.2.3 Renewable Energy Production by Photovoltaics (PV) in Jordan
28.2.4 Calculation of Water and Energy Amounts for Fair Swapping
28.3 Results and Discussion
28.4 Conclusions and Next Steps Towards Implementation
References
29 Hydroeconomic Groundwater Model for Managing Multi-salinity Aquifers in Arid Regions
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Methods
29.2.1 Theoretical Framework
29.3 Results and Discussion
29.4 Conclusions
References
30 A Review of the Applications of Nanomaterials to Augment Solar Still Productivity
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Bibliometric Analysis
30.3 The Main Components of the Solar Still
30.4 Techniques to Enhance the Solar Still Performance
30.5 Applications of Nanomaterials in Solar Still
30.6 Conclusions
References