Water and Environment for Sustainability: Case Studies from Developing Countries

Preface
Contents
Hydrometeorological Extremes and Climate Profiling of Pakistan
1 Introduction
2 Climate of Pakistan
3 Gridded Dataset for Profiling
4 Climate Profiling of Pakistan
5 Climate Trends
6 Climate Change Zones
7 Investigating Hydrometeorological Extremes
7.1 Pre-processing of Datasets
7.2 Moving Averages
7.3 Inferences to Floods and Droughts
8 Conclusions
References
Blue and Green: Hues of Riverine Flood Risk Reduction in Chennai, India
1 Introduction
1.1 Grey to Blue and Green
1.2 Leapfrogging Towards BGS
2 Land–Water-Human Relations in Chennai, India
2.1 The Context
2.2 Study Area
3 Methodology
3.1 Data Collection
3.2 Stakeholder/Informant Survey
3.3 Semi-Structured Interviews
3.4 Transect Walks
4 The Application of Blue and Green Strategies for Flood Mitigation
4.1 Spatial Constraints
4.2 Environmental Constraints
4.3 Economic Constraints
4.4 Social Constraints
4.5 Socio-Political Constraints
5 Recommendations for Programmatic and Context-Based Landscape Designs
5.1 Developing with Nature
5.2 Living with Nature
5.3 Designing with Nature
5.4 Limitations Afforded by Nature
5.5 Communicating the Importance of Nature
5.6 Stewardship of Natural Resources
6 Conclusion
Appendix
References
Water Balance Equation for Rivers of Assam, India
1 Outline
2 Methodology
3 Water Balance Analysis
3.1 River Bharalu’s Leading Pollutants
3.2 Corrective Actions to Reduce Pollution
3.3 Methods to Lessen Bharalu River Pollution
3.4 Reserve Pumps
3.5 Continuity of Operations
3.6 Pump/Sluice Gate Operation
3.7 Debris Handling
4 Monitoring Approach
5 Conclusion
References
Effects of Structural Measures for Flood Mitigation on Migratory Behaviour of the River Indus Using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing: A Case Study
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Remote Sensing Analysis
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
6 Recommendations
References
Assessing the Impact of Land Use/Land Cover Changes on Hydrological Components of the Jhelum River Basin Using SWAT Model
1 Introduction
1.1 Techniques
1.2 Studies at Regional Level
1.3 Studies at the Local Level
1.4 Study Area
2 Study Design
2.1 Data Description
2.2 LULC Classification
2.3 SWAT Hydrological Model
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Land Cover and Land Use Classification
3.2 SWAT Calibration and Validation
4 Conclusion
References
The Climatic Benefit of Perennial Rice Cropping System: A Case Study in West Java, Central Java, and East Java
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Three Indonesian Provinces: West Java, Central Java, and East Java
2.2 The Salibu and Ratoon Methods
2.3 Data Collection
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Observed Data
4 Conclusion
Appendix A: Results of Statistical Tests
Appendix B: The Results of Statistical Tests
References
Contribution of Renewable Energy to Social Protection and the Fight Against Climate Change: Case of the Noor 1 Project in Southern Morocco
1 Introduction
2 Methodology and Materials
3 Literature Review
3.1 Analysis of the Contribution of Renewable Energies to Climate Change Mitigation
3.2 Analysis of the Literature on the Contribution of Renewable Energy Sources to Social Development
4 Vision Overview for the Transition to RE in Morocco
5 Case Study: NOOR 1 (Concentrated Solar Power) (CSP)-Southern Morocco Region
6 Outcomes and Explanations
6.1 Impact Significance
6.2 Status and Type of Impact
6.3 Analysis and Discussion of the Results
7 Conclusion
References
Storage Depletion of Surface Water Reservoirs Due to Sediment Deposition and Possible Management Options
1 Introduction
2 Mechanism of Reservoir Sedimentation
3 Reservoir Sedimentation Control Measures
4 Sediment Removal Options in the Reservoir
4.1 Pressure Flushing
4.2 Drawdown Flushing
5 Traditional Reservoir Sediment Inflow Estimation Methods
6 Machine Learning Techniques in Reservoir Sedimentation Studies
7 Conclusions
References
Exploring Synergies Between Social Protection Programs, DRR and Climate Change Policies in Pakistan: Case Study NDRMF
1 Introduction
2 DRR, SP and CCA and Their Integration with Pakistan Perspective
2.1 Disasters in Pakistan
2.2 DRR
2.3 SP
3 Study Design
3.1 Analysis Tools
4 Findings and Discussions
5 Role of Social Protection for Vulnerability Reduction
5.1 Re-enforcement (R1) Proof
6 Role of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) for Vulnerability Reduction
6.1 Balancing Loop Proof
7 Role of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) for Vulnerability Reduction
8 Conclusions and Recommendations
8.1 Conclusion
8.2 Recommendation
References
Indigenous Knowledge and Flood Resilience Strategies in African Coastal Cities: From Practice to Policy
1 Introduction
2 Flood Risk in Sub-Saharan African Cities
3 Strategies for Flood Resilience in Sub-Saharan African Cities
3.1 Concept of Resilience
4 Indigenous Knowledge, Adaptation Techniques, and Flood Resilience in African Coastal Cities
5 Indigenous Resilience Theory to Practice
6 Discussion
References
National Resilience Leading to Sustainability; Case Study of Pakistan
1 Introduction
2 What Makes Pakistan Resilient?
3 Originality/Value
4 International Perspective
5 National Perspective
6 Separation of East Wing of Pakistan (1971)
7 Ojhri Camp Disaster (1988)
8 Earthquake (2005)
9 Devastating Floods (2010)
10 Gayari Sector Siachen (2012)
11 War on Terror (2001 Onwards)
12 The Assassination of Benazir Bhutto (2007)
13 Attack on the Sri Lankan Cricket Team in Lahore (2009)
14 Attack on Army Public School (APS) Peshawar (2014)
15 Attacks on Military Bases
16 The Resolve and Commitment of the Pakistani Military
17 Military Operations in Pakistan
18 Conclusion
References
Community Post-flood Vulnerability Assessment of Tehsil Behrain District Swat, Pakistan
1 Background
2 Overview of the Study Area
3 Floods 2010 in Swat
4 Previous Studies Related to Vulnerability Assessments
4.1 International Studies
4.2 Studies Concerning Pakistan
5 Vulnerability Assessment of Study Area
6 Data Source and Development of Vulnerability Index
7 Measuring Flood Vulnerability by the Parameters Exposure, Fragility and Lack of Resilience
8 Assessment and Analysis of Community Exposure, Fragility and Lack of Resilience
9 Analysis of Community Vulnerability
10 Recommendations
11 Conclusions
References
Socio-Economic Potentials of Nigerian Inland Waterways System for Sustainable Use
1 Introduction
2 An Analysis of Studies on Inland Water Transportation in Nigeria
3 Issues on Nigerian Inland Waterways System
4 Research Scope
5 IWT Development in Nigeria
6 Efforts Made by Federal Government in Sustaining IWT in Nigeria
7 Construction of Infrastructures and Facilities
8 Impact of Inland Water Transportation in Nigeria
8.1 Axle Load Reduction on Roads
8.2 Revenue Generation
8.3 Promotion of Tourism
8.4 Creation of Employment and Job Opportunities
8.5 Industrial Growth and Development
8.6 Sustainable Development
8.7 Sustainability of Nigerian Inland Waterways System
9 Conclusion
References