Use of Smartphones in Optical Experimentation shows how smartphone-based optical labs can be designed and realized. The book presents demonstrations of fundamental geometric and physical optical principles, including the law of reflection, the law of refraction, image formation equations, dispersion, Beer’s law, polarization, Fresnel’s equations, optical rotation, diffraction, interference, and blackbody radiation. Many practical applications―how to design a monochromator and a spectrometer, use the Gaussian beam of a laser, measure the colors of LED lights, and estimate the temperature of an incandescent lamp or the Sun―are also included. The experimental designs provided in this book represent only a hint of the power of leveraging the technological capability of smartphones and other low-cost materials to create a physics lab.
This book can be used as a guide for undergraduate students and instructors for a hands-on experience with optics, especially for an online optical lab; elementary and high school science teachers to develop smartphone-based labs for classroom demonstrations; and anyone who wants to explore fundamental STEM concepts by designing and performing experiments anywhere.
Author(s): Yiping Zhao, Yoong Sheng Phang
Series: Tutorial Texts in Optical Engineering, TT124
Publisher: SPIE
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 180
City: Bellingham
FM_online.pdf
Tutorial Texts Series Related Title
Other Related SPIE Press books:
Introduction to the Series
Contents
Preface
Ch01_online.pdf
Chapter 1 Smartphones and Their Optical Sensors
1.1 History and Current Utilization in Education
1.2 Smartphone Camera
1.2.1 Optical sensor
Resolution
Spectral response of a photosite
Color image, image intensity, and linearity
1.2.2 Adaptive optical system
1.3 Using the Smartphone Camera in Experiments
References
ch02_online.pdf
Chapter 2 Experimental Data Analysis
2.1 Experiments and Measurement Error
2.1.1 General physics experimental procedure
2.1.2 The experimental measurements
2.1.3 Errors in measurements
2.2 Numerical/Parameter Estimation
2.2.1 Estimation of a direct measurement
2.2.2 Estimation of a relationship
2.3 Model Testing
References
ch03_online.pdf
Chapter 3 Law of Reflection
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Smartphone Experiment (Alec Cook and Ryan Pappafotis, 2015)
3.2.1 General strategy
3.2.2 Materials
3.2.3 Experimental setup
3.2.4 Experimental results
ch04_online.pdf
Chapter 4 Law of Refraction
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Smartphone Experiment (Alec Cook and Ryan Pappafotis, 2015)
4.2.1 General strategy
4.2.2 Materials
4.2.3 Experimental setup
4.2.4 Experimental results
ch05_online.pdf
Chapter 5 Image Formation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Smartphone Experiment (Michael Biddle and Robert Dawson, 2015; Yoong Sheng Phang, 2021)
5.2.1 General strategy
5.2.2 Materials
5.2.3 Experimental setup
5.2.4 Experimental results
References
ch06_online.pdf
Chapter 6 Linear Polarization
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Smartphone Experiment (Sungjae Cho and Aojie Xue, 2019)
6.2.1 General strategy
6.2.2 Materials
6.2.3 Experimental setup
6.2.4 Experimental results
ch07_online.pdf
Chapter 7 Fresnel Equations
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Smartphone Experiment (Graham McKinnon, 2020)
7.2.1 General strategy
7.2.2 Materials
7.2.3 Experimental setup
7.2.4 Preliminary results
ch08_online.pdf
Chapter 8 Brewster's Angle
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Smartphone Experiment (Robert Bull and Daniel Desena, 2019)
8.2.1 General strategy
8.2.2 Materials
8.2.3 Experimental setup
8.2.4 Experimental results
ch09_online.pdf
Chapter 9 Optical Rotation
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Smartphone Experiment (Nicholas Kruegler, 2020)
9.2.1 General strategy
9.2.2 Materials
9.2.3 Experimental setup
9.2.4 Experimental results
References
ch10_online.pdf
Chapter 10 Thin Film Interference
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Smartphone Experiment (Nicolas Lohner and Austin Baeckeroot, 2017)
10.2.1 General strategy
10.2.2 Materials
10.2.3 Experimental setup
10.2.4 Experimental results
Ch11_online.pdf
Chapter 11 Wedge Interference
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Smartphone Experiment (Graham McKinnon and Nicholas Brosnahan, 2020)
11.2.1 General strategy
11.2.2 Materials
11.2.3 Experimental setup
11.2.4 Experimental results
ch12_online.pdf
Chapter 12 Diffraction from Gratings
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Smartphone Experiment I: Diffraction from an iPhone Screen (Zach Eidex and Clayton Oetting, 2018)
12.2.1 General strategy
12.2.2 Materials
12.2.3 Experimental setup
12.2.4 Experimental results
12.3 Smartphone Experiment II: Diffraction from a Grating and a Hair (Nick Brosnahan, 2020)
12.3.1 General Strategy
12.3.2 Materials
12.3.3 Experimental setup
12.3.4 Experimental results
References
ch13_online.pdf
Chapter 13 Structural Coloration of Butterfly Wings and Peacock Feathers
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Smartphone Experiment I: Diffraction in a Box-Scale Spacing of Morpho Butterfly Wings (Mary Lalak and Paul Brackman, 2014)
13.2.1 General strategy
13.2.2 Materials
13.2.3 Experimental setup
13.2.4 Experimental results
13.3 Smartphone Experiment II: Barbule Spacing of Peacock Feathers (Caroline Doctor and Yuta Hagiya, 2019)
13.3.1 General strategy
13.3.2 Materials
13.3.3 Experimental setup
13.3.4 Experimental results
References
ch14_online.pdf
Chapter 14 Optical Rangefinder Based on Gaussian Beam of Lasers
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Smartphone Experiment I: A Two-laser Optical Rangefinder (Elizabeth McMillan and Jacob Squires, 2014)
14.2.1 General strategy
14.2.2 Materials
14.2.3 Experimental setup
14.2.4 Experimental results
14.3 Smartphone Experiment II: Estimating the Beam Waist Parameter with a Single Laser (Joo Sung and Connor Skehan, 2015)
14.3.1 General strategy
14.3.2 Materials
14.3.3 Experimental setup
14.3.4 Experimental results
ch15_online.pdf
Chapter 15 Monochromator
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Smartphone Experiment I: A Diffractive Monochromator (Nathan Neal, 2018)
15.2.1 General strategy
15.2.2 Materials
15.2.3 Experimental setup
15.2.4 Experimental results
15.3 Smartphone Experiment II: A Dispersive Monochromator (Myles Popa and Steven Handcock, 2016)
15.3.1 General strategy
15.3.2 Materials
15.3.3 Experimental setup
15.3.4 Experimental results
Ch16_online.pdf
Chapter 16 Optical Spectrometers
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Smartphone Experiment I: A Diffractive Emission Spectrometer (Helena Gien and David Pearson, 2016)
16.2.1 General strategy
16.2.2 Materials
16.2.3 Experimental setup
16.2.4 Experimental results
16.3 Smartphone Experiment II: Spectra of Different Combustion Sources (Ryan McArdle and Griffin Dangler, 2016)
16.3.1 General strategy
16.3.2 Materials
16.3.3 Experimental setup
16.3.4 Experimental results
Ch17_online.pdf
Chapter 17 Dispersion
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Smartphone Experiment (Eric Older and Mario Parra, 2018)
17.2.1 General strategy
17.2.2 Materials
17.2.3 Experimental setup
17.2.4 Experimental results
ch18_online.pdf
Chapter 18 Beer's Law
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Smartphone Experiment (Sean Krautheim and Emory Perry, 2018)
18.2.1 General strategy
18.2.2 Materials
18.2.3 Experimental setup
18.2.4 Experimental results
ch19_online.pdf
Chapter 19 Optical Spectra of Incandescent Lightbulbs and LEDs
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Smartphone Experiment I: Spectral Radiance of an Incandescent Lightbulb (Tyler Christensen and Ryan Matuszak, 2017)
19.2.1 General strategy
19.2.2 Materials
19.2.3 Experimental setup
19.2.4 Experimental results
19.3 Smartphone Experiment II: Spectral Radiance of White LED Lightbulbs (Troy Crawford and Rachel Taylor, 2018)
19.3.1 General strategy
19.3.2 Materials
19.3.3. Experimental setup
19.3.4 Experimental results
References
Ch20_online.pdf
Chapter 20 Blackbody Radiation of the Sun
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Smartphone Experiment (Patrick Mullen and Connor Woods, 2015)
20.2.1 General Strategy
20.2.2 Materials
20.2.3 Experimental setup
20.2.4 Experimental results
References
ch21_online.pdf
Chapter 21 Example Course Instructions for Smartphone-based Optical Labs
21.1 General Lab Instructions
21.1.1 Important notices for students
21.1.2 Lab materials
21.1.3 Lab instructions
21.2 Polarization Labs
21.2.1 Required lab materials
21.2.2 Lab instruction
21.2.3 Additional labs
21.3 Reflection Labs
21.3.1 Required lab materials
21.3.2 Lab instructions
21.3.3 Additional labs
21.4 Interference Labs
21.4.1 Required lab materials
21.4.2 Lab instruction
21.4.3 Additional labs
21.5 Diffraction Labs
21.5.1 Required lab materials
21.5.2 Lab instruction
21.6 Summary of Lab Results
App1_online.pdf
App2_online.pdf
app3_online.pdf
Outline placeholder
III.1 Starting ImageJ
III.2 ImageJ Menu
III.3 ImageJ Toolbar
III.4 Image Analysis Example Using ImageJ
App4_online.pdf
bio_online.pdf
