Urban Flooding in Brazil

Acknowledgements
Contents
Contributors
Part I: Urban Flooding: Conceptions and Approaches in the Scope of Global Climate Changes
Chapter 1: Urban Floodings: Conceptions and Challenges in the Scope of Global Climate Change – A Look at the City of São Paulo, Brazil
1.1 A Historical and Very Current Problem!
1.2 Study Concepts, Methods, and Techniques
1.3 Present and Future Scenarios: What Does Global Climate Change Tell Us?
1.4 Notes on Flooding in the City of São Paulo, Brazil
References
Chapter 2: Intra-urban Spatial Configuration and Hydrological Responses Spatially Distributed in Basins: Contributions to a Sustainable Development
2.1 Floods and Urban Water Dynamics
2.2 The Heterogeneity of Intra-urban Spaces
2.2.1 Urban Configuration and Hydrologic Similarity Areas in the Belém Catchment, Curitiba, State of Paraná
2.3 Water Balance of Hydrologic Similarity Areas in the Belém Catchment
2.4 Nature-Based Solutions and Sustainable Urban Development
References
Chapter 3: Blue-Green Infrastructure in Brazilian Cities: From Consensus to Specific Advances
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Blue-Green Infrastructure and Its Attributes
3.3 BGIs in the International Scenario: Three Selected Countries
3.4 BGIs in the Scenario of the Ten Largest Brazilian Cities
3.5 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 4: Local-Scale Disaster Risk Indicators: Applying the Disaster Risk Indicators in Brazil (Drib) Method to Understand Flood Risks in Brazil
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Area Characterization
4.2 Methodology
4.2.1 The Concept of the Local DRIB Index
4.2.2 Research Steps
4.2.2.1 Step 1
4.2.2.2 Step 2
4.2.3 Data and Methods
4.2.3.1 Questionnaire Development
4.3 Results and Discussion
4.3.1 Exposure
4.3.2 Vulnerability
4.3.3 Risk
4.4 Concluding Remarks
References
Part II: Flooding Events in Major Brazilian Cities and Their Metropolitan Regions
Chapter 5: Urban Climate Risk: Flooding Events in Rio De Janeiro (RJ) from the Perspective of Vulnerable People
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Vulnerability Dimensions and the Homeless Population
5.3 Analysis of Urban Flooding from the Perspective of Vulnerable People: The Homeless Population in Downtown Rio de Janeiro (RJ)
5.4 Concluding Remarks: Climate as a Risk and Space as a Condition
References
Chapter 6: Urban Flooding in the City of Belo Horizonte, Southeastern Brazil
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Geoecological and Climatic Factors
6.2 Tensions and Hydrological Disasters in the Arrudas and Onça Stream Basins
6.3 Belo Horizonte: The City Between the Traditional and the Modern in the Flood Management Policy
6.4 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 7: Rainfall Impacts and (Re)Production of Urban Space in the City of Salvador, Northeastern Brazil: An Update
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Spatiotemporal Relationship of Urban Flooding in Salvador
7.3 The Relationship Between Climate and Production of Space
7.4 Concluding Remarks: Impact as a Measure of Urban Recreation
References
Chapter 8: Urban Flooding in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil: Current and Future Risks and Challenges
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Environmental Systems and Occupation of Fortaleza’s Territory
8.3 Urban Flooding in Fortaleza: A Brief History
8.4 Flood Risk Mapping in Fortaleza
8.4.1 Natural Vulnerability to Floods and Storm Surges
8.4.2 Social Vulnerability
8.4.3 Flood and Storm Surges Risks
8.5 Current and Future Challenges
8.6 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 9: Flood Events in the City of Recife, Northeastern Brazil: History and Contemporary Risks
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Recife’s Physical Characteristics and Its Susceptibility to Flooding
9.3 Historiography of Occupation and Socio-environmental Indicators in Recife
9.4 Flood Events in Recife
9.5 Meteorological Weather Types and Their Association with Rainfall in Recife
9.6 Flood Events in Recife: Current and Future Scenarios
9.6.1 Current Scenario
9.6.2 Future Scenarios
9.7 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 10: Urban Faces of Climate and Floods in Aracaju, Northeastern Brazil
10.1 Introduction (Sectored Conjectures)
10.2 Theoretical Experimentation: Defining Reason
10.3 Practical Manipulation: Significance and Spatial Configuration
10.4 The Climate of Aracaju
10.5 Extreme Flood Events
10.6 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 11: Urban Flooding in Manaus, Northern Brazil: Extreme Events, Susceptibility, and Inequalities
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Historical Approach and Contradictions in the Urban Space of Manaus
11.3 Flood Susceptibility Associated with Extreme Rainfall Events
11.4 Flood Diagnosis in Manaus: Different Scales and Times
11.5 Present and Future Challenges
11.6 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 12: Urban Flooding in Porto Velho: Infrastructure, Regulatory, and Socio-environmental Conditions
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Historical Approach to the Problem
12.2.1 Historical Context of the Regulatory Instruments of Urban Occupation in Brazil
12.2.2 Regulatory Actions to Prevent Floodings in Porto Velho
12.3 Current Events
12.4 Present and Future Challenges
12.5 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 13: Urban Flooding in the City of Goiânia, Central-Western Brazil
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Geo-environmental Characterization and Flood-Related Processes in Goiânia
13.2.1 The Relationship Between Relief, Soil, Rock, and Physical and Natural Conditioning Factors for Flood-Related Processes
13.2.2 Climate and Flood-Related Processes
13.2.3 History of the Flood-Related Processes
13.3 Diagnosis, Vulnerability, and Neighborhoods at Risk of Flooding in Goiânia
13.3.1 Rainfall and Flooding
13.3.2 Slope Configurations and Flood Events
13.3.3 Soil Sealing and Flood-Related Processes
13.3.4 Current Vulnerability and At-Risk Neighborhoods
13.3.5 Flood-Related Challenges
13.4 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 14: Geographic Analysis of Flooding in the Urban Area of the Federal District, Brazil
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Historical Approach to the Problem
14.3 Analysis of Current Flooding in the Federal District Urban Area
14.4 Areas Critical to Flooding
14.5 Present and Future Challenges
14.6 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 15: Flood Events in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Southern Brazil: An Approach from the Urban Environmental System
15.1 Introduction
15.2 The History and Challenges of Studies on Urban Flooding in Curitiba and Its Metropolitan Region
15.3 The Urban Environmental System and Its Application for Understanding Urban Flooding
15.4 Flood Adaptation Measures in the MRC: Approaches for Curitiba and Pinhais
15.4.1 Input: Extreme Rainfall Events and the Physical-Natural Attributes of Hydrometeorological Risks
15.4.2 Attributes: The Social Instances Related to Urban Flooding
15.4.3 Output and Applications: Urban Flooding and Adaptation Measures
15.5 Concluding Remarks: Present and Future Challenges of the Urban Flooding Problem in the MRC
References
Chapter 16: Urban Climate and Flooding in Florianópolis, Southern Brazil
16.1 Introduction
16.1.1 Urban Climate and Its Relation to Floods
16.2 Conditioning Factors of Floods in Florianópolis
16.3 The Origin of Urban Floods in Florianópolis
16.4 Concluding Remarks
References
Part III: Flooding Events in Medium and Small Cities in Brazil
Chapter 17: Climate Dynamics and Urban Flooding in the City of Guarapuava, Southern Brazil
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Historical Approach to the Problem
17.3 Flood Disasters Resulting from Adverse Atmospheric Conditions in Guarapuava
17.4 Assessment of Flood-Inducing Weather Events in Guarapuava
17.4.1 Climate Dynamics in Guarapuava
17.4.2 Regional Atmospheric Dynamics in Periods of Extreme Rainfall Events
17.4.2.1 Analysis of May 28, 1992
17.4.2.2 Analysis of April 23, 1998
17.4.2.3 Analysis of November 1, 2007
17.4.2.4 Analysis of August 1, 2011
17.4.2.5 Analysis of June 21, 2013
17.4.2.6 Analysis of June 7, 2014
17.4.2.7 Analysis of October 31, 2015
17.4.2.8 Summary of Analyzed Events
17.5 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 18: Structural and Non-structural Measures for Urban Drainage: A Look at Socio-environmental Risks of Urban Flooding in Francisco Beltrão, Southern Brazil
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Urban Water Management and the Socio-environmental Risks Associated with Floods
18.3 Structural and Non-structural Urban Drainage Measures
18.4 Drainage and Flood Control Measures Adopted in the City of Francisco Beltrão
18.5 Drainage Systems Under the Perspective of Mapping the Urban Flood Risk Areas in Francisco Beltrão
18.6 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 19: Rainfall Thresholds Triggering Water Crises in the Urban Drainage Network of Chapecó, Southern Brazil: Contributions to Risk Management
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Chapecó, SC: Historical and Current Configuration of Urban Flooding
19.3 Extreme Rainfall Thresholds and Water Crises in the Urban Drainage Network of Chapecó, SC
19.3.1 Possibilities and Limits for the Use of Rainfall Thresholds Triggering Water Crises in Chapecó, SC
19.4 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 20: Climate Dynamics and the Main Urban Flood Events in Itajaí Valley, Southern Brazil
20.1 Introduction
20.1.1 Flood Events in the Itajaí Valley
20.2 Materials and Methods
20.3 Results and Discussion
20.3.1 Climate Dynamics and Floods in Itajaí Valley
20.3.2 The Unusual Event of 2008 and Urban Flooding in Blumenau and Itajaí
20.4 Concluding Remarks
References