A brief introduction to a complex topic, giving a description of the processes involved in an accidental or emergency release and the resulting downwind transport and dilution of gases, vapors, and aerosols.
Author(s): George E. Devaull, John A. King, Ronald J. Lantzy, David J. Fontaine
Series: A CCPS Concept Book
Publisher: Wiley-AIChE
Year: 1995
Language: English
Pages: 44
cover.jpg......Page 1
b1.pdf......Page 2
Table of Contens......Page 0
Preface......Page 4
Nomenclature......Page 7
Table of Contents......Page 9
1.2 Release/Dispersion Scenario Overview......Page 12
1.3 Hazards......Page 14
2.2 Turbulence in the Atmosphere......Page 17
2.4 Vertical Density Stratification and Buoyancy......Page 19
2.5 Atmospheric Stability Classifications......Page 21
2.6 Similarity Scaling in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer......Page 23
2.7 Changes over Time in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer......Page 24
3.1 Leaks and Small Holes......Page 26
3.2 Phase Changes in Released Fluids......Page 27
3.4 Transient Vessel Inventory Loss......Page 29
3.5 Catastrophic Vessel Failures......Page 30
4.1 Boiling Liquid Pools......Page 31
4.3 Evaporation of Relatively Nonvolatile Liquids......Page 32
4.4 Multicomponent Mixture Spills......Page 33
5.1 Jet Length Scales......Page 34
5.2 Momentum and Buoyancy......Page 35
5.3 The Effect of Wind and Ambient Turbulence......Page 36
6.2 Source Area Region......Page 39
6.4 Passive Dispersion Region......Page 41
7.1 The Mechanics of Turbulent Dispersion......Page 42
7.2 Passive Dispersion from Elevated Releases......Page 43
7.4 Dispersion Averaging Times......Page 45
8.1 Building Wakes and Stack Downwash......Page 46
8.3 Aerosol Rainout......Page 47
8.4 Fanning Plumes and Subsidence......Page 48
9.1 Chemical Toxicity......Page 49
9.2 Flammability......Page 51
10. Computer Models......Page 52
References......Page 53
