Undernutrition in India: Causes, Consequences and Policy Measures

Foreword
Acknowledgments
Book Summary
Undernutrition in India: Causes, Consequences, and Policy Measures
Contents
About the Authors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 The Problem of Undernutrition: Positioning India and Its States
Abstract
1.1 The Global Picture
1.2 The Indian Scenario: Development Versus Welfare
1.2.1 Regional Divergences in Child Nutrition in India: Nations Within a Nation?
1.2.2 Quadrant Analysis: Nutrition Vis-a-Vis Development
1.2.3 Programs and Policy Interventions
1.2.4 What Can Be Done?
2 Women’s Asset Ownership and Its Linkages with Child Undernutrition in India
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Indicators of Women’s Empowerment
2.1.2 Why Is Tracking Child Undernutrition Important?
2.1.3 Women’s Asset Ownership and Child Nutrition
2.1.4 How Are Asset-Based Interventions Important?
2.2 Data and Methods
2.2.1 Data and Sampling Design
2.2.2 Study Population and Sample Size
2.2.3 Outcome Variable
2.3 Statistical Analyses
2.3.1 Distribution of Asset Ownership of Women: Descriptive Statistics
2.3.2 Association of Women’s Ownership of Assets with Child Stunting: Binary Logistic Regression
2.3.3 Impact Estimation of Mother’s Asset Ownership on Child Stunting: Quantile Regression
2.4 Results
2.4.1 Women’s Ownership of Assets Across India
2.4.2 Nutritional Status of Children by Selected Characteristics and Across India
2.4.3 Women’s Ownership of Assets and Its Linkages with Child Undernutrition in India
2.4.3.1 Mother’s Characteristics
2.4.3.2 Father’s Characteristics
2.4.3.3 Child’s Characteristics
2.4.4 Analysis of Effects of Mother’s Asset Ownership on Different Parts of Distribution of Child Height-for-Age Scores
2.5 Discussion
2.6 Implications for Policy and Program Development
3 Nutrition Scenario Among Elderly in India
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Global Population Ageing: A Victory and a Challenge
3.1.2 Global and Regional Trends in Population Ageing
3.1.3 Elderly in India: An Expanding Age Group
3.1.4 Elderly Nutrition in India: The Uncharted Territory
3.1.5 Nutritional Screening Tools For the Elderly
3.1.6 Mini Nutritional Assessment
3.1.7 Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool
3.1.8 Nutritional Risk Screening-2002
3.1.9 Factors Influencing Elderly Nutrition
3.1.10 Why is Measuring Elderly Nutrition Important?
3.2 Conclusion
4 Factors Playing Role in Determining Anaemia Among Tribal Women in India
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Data and Methods
4.2.1 Data and Sampling Design
4.2.2 Statistical Analyses
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Dietary Diversity
4.3.2 Determinants of Anaemia
4.3.3 Contribution of Selected Parameters as Determining Factors of Anaemia Among Tribal Women
4.4 Discussion
4.5 Conclusion
5 Understanding Anaemia in Tribal Children and Women with Special Focus on Nagaland, Maharashtra, and Odisha
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Data and Sampling Design
5.3 Statistical Analyses
5.3.1 Under-5 Children
5.3.1.1 Level of Anaemia Among Tribal Children
5.3.2 Women
5.3.2.1 Prevalence of Anaemia
5.3.2.2 Determinants of Anaemia Among Tribal Women Belonging to Three Selected States
5.3.2.3 Effect of Selected Significant Parameters on Anaemia Level of Tribal Women
5.4 Result
5.4.1 Anaemia Among Tribal Children
5.4.1.1 Anaemia Among Tribal Women
5.5 Discussion
5.5.1 Childhood Anaemia
5.5.2 Anaemia Among Women
5.6 Conclusion
6 The Role of Inequality in Determining Nutrition: Explaining the Gujarat Paradox
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Development, Economy, and Nutrition
6.1.2 Economic Growth and Undernutrition
6.1.3 Nutrition-Related Aspects of SDGs
6.1.4 The Gujarat Paradox
6.1.5 Gujarat: A Critical Look
6.1.6 Impact of COVID-19 on Health Scenario in Gujarat
6.1.7 Welfare Schemes in Gujarat
6.1.8 Why Is It Important?
6.1.9 Data and Sampling Design
6.1.10 Study Population and Sample Size
6.1.11 Outcome Variable
6.2 Statistical Analyses
6.2.3 Understanding the Differential Impacts of Wealth on Child Undernutrition: Quantile Regression
6.3 Results
6.3.1 Nutritional Status of Children by Background Characteristics
6.3.2 Determinants of Nutritional Status of Children in Gujarat
6.3.3 Inequality in Child Undernutrition in Gujarat
6.3.4 Decomposition of Concentration Indices
6.3.5 Differential Impacts of Wealth on Child Undernutrition in Gujarat
6.4 Discussion
7 Zero Hunger, Food Security, and Nutrition: Where Are We and What’s the Way Forward
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Zero Hunger in India: Where Do We Stand?
7.3 Food Security Among Older Adults in India: Evidence from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India
7.4 Linkages Between Poverty, Food Security, and Nutrition
7.5 Policy Initiatives in India
7.6 Role of Public Distribution System
7.7 The Mid-Day Meal (MDM) Scheme and Its Aftermath
7.8 Addressing the Issue of Food Security: The Role of Agriculture
7.9 COVID-19 and SDGs: The Bigger Picture
7.10 The Way Forward: Policy Recommendations
8 Policy Perspectives: A Level Framework
Abstract
8.1 MDGs to SDGs: Is India Still Lagging Behind?
8.2 Policies and Programs Addressing Nutrition in India
8.2.1 Infant and Young Child Care, Nutrition, and Health
8.2.2 Maternal Care, Nutrition, and Health
8.2.3 Adolescent Care, Nutrition, and Health
8.2.4 Tribal Nutrition and Health
8.2.5 Community-Based Interventions
8.3 India’s Association with Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN)
8.4 India and Hunger: Trends and Possible Solutions
8.4.1 How are GHI Scores Calculated?
8.4.2 Where Does India Stand?
8.4.3 What are the Data Sources?
8.4.4 India’s Face-Off with Hunger Continues: Why?
8.5 Gaps in Policies in India and Action Plans
8.6 Addressing Undernutrition and Micronutrient Deficiencies: Level Framework for Informed Policy Decisions
8.7 Methodological Issues in the Measurement of Nutrition
8.8 Solutions to Data Quality Issues
References