The book targets new advances in areas of treatment and drug delivery sciences for tuberculosis. It covers advances in drug therapy and drug targeting that focus on innovative trend defining technologies and drug delivery platforms in the understanding of host-pathogens relationship for providing better therapy. A wide variety of novel and nano-formulations using promising technologies are being explored to deliver the drug via different administration routes. This book It addresses the gap between new approaches and old treatment modalities and how they are superior in pharmacological performance when tested in in-vitro and in-vivo. Audience from wide range group like from researchers to regulatory bodies can benefit from the compiled information to find out patient needs and current research advances in the field of tuberculosis research.
.
Author(s): Ranjita Shegokar, Yashwant Pathak
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 333
City: Cham
Preface
Volume 1: MDDS
Volume 2: TDDS
Volume 3: VDDS
Volume 4: IDDS
Contents
Global Health and Tuberculosis; Past, Present, and Future
1 What Is Tuberculosis
2 The History of the Outbreak
3 Treatments over the Time
4 Tuberculosis: World Scenario
4.1 Africa
4.2 Western Pacific/East Asia
4.3 Southern Asia
4.4 The Middle East
5 Conclusion and Future Trends
References
Tuberculosis: Cellular Understanding of Disease
1 Introduction
2 Mtb Complex
3 Initial Transmission of Mtb
4 Mechanism of Mtb-Host Interaction
4.1 Phagocytosis and Immune Cells
4.2 Inhibition of Phagolysosome Maturation
4.3 Inhibition of Phagolysosome Acidification
4.4 Inhibition of Ubiquitination
5 Classification of Tuberculosis
5.1 Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary TB
5.1.1 Pulmonary TB
5.1.2 Extrapulmonary TB
Miliary
Spine (Pott’s disease)
Lymphatic (Tuberculous Lymphadenitis)
6 Organizations Involved in TB Research
7 Conclusion
References
Metal Nanoparticles in Tuberculosis
1 Introduction
2 Pathogenesis and Immunology of TB
3 Role of Macrophages
3.1 Primary Phagosome-Lysosome Fusion Prevention
3.2 Escape of M.tb into the Cytosol
3.3 Non-phagocytic Internalization of M.tb in Macrophages
4 Interaction of Metal Nanoparticles and Macrophages
5 Diagnostic Applications
5.1 Noble Metal Nanoparticles and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles-Based Diagnostics
6 Metal Nanoparticles for Targeted Treatment
7 Toxicity Aspect of Metal Nanoparticles
8 Conclusion and Future Prospective
References
Tuberculosis: Current Treatment Options and Future Scope
1 Introduction
2 Current Treatment and Drug Regimen
3 Challenges in Treatment of Tuberculosis
4 Recent Advancements in Treatment of Tuberculosis
4.1 Pharmaceutical Formulations
4.2 New Drugs or New Chemical Entities
4.3 Herbal Drugs
4.4 Recent Trials of New TB Drugs and Regimens
4.5 Vaccines
4.6 Others
5 Conclusions
References
Polymeric Nanoparticles in Tuberculosis
1 Introduction
2 Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis
3 Conventional Treatment and Its Limitation
4 Polymeric Nanoparticles
5 Polymer Used
5.1 Polysaccharide-Based Polymers
5.1.1 Chitosan Nanoparticles
5.1.2 Alginate Nanoparticles
5.1.3 Guar Gum Nanoparticles
5.2 Polypeptide and Protein-Based Polymers
5.2.1 Gelatin-Based Polymers
5.2.2 Albumin-Based Polymers
5.3 Other Synthetic Polymers
5.3.1 PLGA Nanoparticles
6 Conclusion
References
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Tuberculosis
1 Introduction
2 Nanotechnology in TB
3 Solid Lipid Nanoparticle
3.1 Composition of SLN
3.2 Method of Preparation of SLN
3.2.1 High-Pressure Homogenization (HPH)
3.2.2 Phase Inversion Temperature (PIT) Method
3.2.3 Microemulsion Dilution
3.2.4 Coacervation Method
3.2.5 Supercritical Fluid-Based Method
3.2.6 Membrane Contactor Technique
3.2.7 Spray Drying Method
3.2.8 Drying of SLNs
3.3 Characterization of SLN
4 Anti-TB Therapy of SLN
4.1 Oral Delivery
4.2 Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery
4.3 Ocular Delivery
4.4 Inhalation Drug Delivery
4.5 Advantages of SLNs for Sustaining the Delivery of TB Drugs and Its Industrial Feasibility
5 Limitations to Consider on SLN
6 Conclusion
References
Dendrimers-Based Drug Delivery in Tuberculosis
1 Introduction
1.1 Current Anti-tuberculosis Drug Therapy
1.2 Novel Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of TB
2 Dendrimer: Definition, Origin, and Properties
3 Physicochemical Characterization of Dendrimers
4 Pharmacokinetic and Drug Release Behavior from Dendrimers
5 Dendrimer-Based Cell Line Studies
6 Dendrimers as Drug Carriers
6.1 Rifampicin Encapsulation in PAMAM Dendrimers
6.2 Rifampicin Encapsulation in PPI Dendrimers
6.3 Isoniazide Encapsulation in PAMAM Dendrimers
6.4 Ethambutol-Jeffamine Conjugate
7 Dendrimers and Toxicity
8 Clinical Outlook
9 Conclusion
References
Liposomes for Delivery of Antitubercular Drugs
1 Introduction
2 Role of Nanomedicines in TB Chemotherapy
2.1 Role in Improving Drug Permeability Through the Thick Mycolic Acid Cell Wall
2.2 Role in Addressing Drug Resistance Due to Bacterial Microenvironment
2.3 Role in Controlled Drug Release
2.4 Role in Reducing the Dosage Size and Dosing Frequency
2.5 Role in Macrophage Targeted Chemotherapy
3 Liposomal Nanoconstructs
4 Benefits and Limitations of Liposomes as Drug Delivery Modules
5 Routes of Administration of Liposomes in the Treatment of TB
6 Potential of Passive and Active Targeting of Liposomes-Based Approaches for TB Treatment
6.1 Passive Targeting of Liposomes as Drug Delivery Systems in TB Treatment
6.1.1 Nanocarriers Characteristics Affect Passive Drug Targeting Strategy
6.2 Active Targeting of Liposomes as Drug Delivery Systems in TB Treatment
7 Recent Patents/Breakthroughs on Liposomes in TB
8 Concluding Remarks and Future Prognosis
References
Drug Delivery by Micro, Nanoemulsions in Tuberculosis
1 Introduction
2 Formulation and Characterization of ME/NE
2.1 Composition of ME/NE
2.2 Different Formulation Approaches of Micro and Nanoemulsions
2.3 Different Characterization Techniques of Micro and Nanoemulsion
2.4 Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic of Developed NE/ME for TB
3 Challenges, Opportunities and Future Perspectives
4 Conclusion
References
Nanosuspensions in Treatment of Tuberculosis
1 Introduction
1.1 Pathogenesis of TB
2 Current Treatment for TB
2.1 Limitations of Current Treatment
3 Nanoformulations for Anti-tuberculosis Therapy
4 Methods for Preparation of Nanosuspensions
4.1 Bottom-Up Methods
4.1.1 Precipitation
4.1.2 Hydrosols
4.1.3 Nanomorph
4.1.4 Supercritical Fluid Technology
4.1.5 Other Precipitation Techniques
4.2 Top-Down Technologies
4.2.1 High-Pressure Homogenization
4.2.2 Media Milling
4.3 Combination Technologies
4.4 Other Technologies
4.4.1 Supercritical Fluid Technology
4.4.2 Emulsification Solvent Evaporation
4.4.3 Emulsion Diffusion
4.4.4 Melt Emulsification
4.4.5 Lipid Emulsion
4.4.6 Nanojet
5 Characterization of Nanosuspension
5.1 Redispersibility and Reconstitution Time
5.2 Stabilizers
5.3 Organic Solvents
5.4 pH/Buffers
6 Preferred Routes for Administration of Nanosuspension in Treatment of TB
7 Application of Nanosuspension in Treatment of Tuberculosis
8 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
Alginate Nanoparticles: A Potential Drug Carrier in Tuberculosis Treatment
1 Introduction
2 Challenges and Opportunities of Nanotechnology-Based Approaches in Treatment of TB
2.1 Alginate and its Derivatives Explored in the Fabrication of Nanoparticles
3 Bioengineered Nanoparticles Fortified with Bioactive Compound in the Treatment of Tuberculosis
4 Biogenic Metallic Nanoparticles in Inhibition of TB
5 Current Clinical Management Outlook in Tuberculosis Treatment
6 Bibliometric Analysis of Alginate-Based Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Tuberculosis
7 Conclusion
References
Niosomes in Tuberculosis
1 Introduction
2 Conventional Therapy Versus Future Need
3 Current Challenges/Knowledge Gap
4 Novel Trends for the Treatment of TB Using Nanomedicines
5 Niosome as a Novel Vesicular System
5.1 Structural Components of Niosomes
5.1.1 Nonionic Surfactant
5.1.2 Cholesterol
5.1.3 Charge-Inducing Molecule
5.1.4 Hydration Medium
5.2 Factors Influencing Niosomes’ Formulation
5.2.1 Type of Surfactants
5.2.2 Thermodynamic Feature
5.2.3 Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance
5.2.4 Geometric Features of Amphiphilic Molecule
5.2.5 Gel–Liquid Transition Temperature (Tc)
5.2.6 Additive Agents
5.3 Classification of Niosomes
5.3.1 Based Upon the Size and Lamella
5.3.2 Specialized Niosomes
5.4 Niosomes Preparation Methods
5.5 Characterization of Niosomes
5.6 Salient Features of Niosomes
5.7 Purification of Niosomes
6 Niosomes in TB
7 Future Perspective of TB Treatment and Niosomes in TB
8 Conclusion
References
Surface-Modified Drug Delivery Systems for Tuberculosis Intervention
1 Introduction
2 Nanotechnologies in Tuberculosis
3 Polymeric Nanosystems
3.1 Modified Polymeric Nanoparticles
3.2 Modified Polymeric Micelles
3.3 Modified Dendrimers
4 Nanotechnological Advances for MDR and XDR TB
5 Modified Nanosystem for Active Targeting of M.tb Reservoirs
6 Future Perspectives
7 Conclusion
References
Tuberculosis and Drug Delivery System: Clinical Trials in TB
1 Introduction
2 Patterns of Infection
3 Microscopic Findings
4 Drug Delivery Systems in TB
5 Clinical Studies and Novel Medication Regimens for Tuberculosis
5.1 Fluoroquinolones
5.2 Rifapentine
5.3 Bedaquiline
5.4 Nitroimidazoles
5.5 Clofazimine
6 Meropenem and Clavulanate in Combination Therapy
6.1 SQ109
6.2 Benzothiazinones
6.3 Novel Regimens
7 Treatment Regimens for TB That Are Less Time-Consuming
8 New Tuberculosis Treatment Regimens
9 Fixed-Dose Combinations
10 Future Prospects
11 Conclusion
References
Potential of Herbal Drugs for Treatment of Tuberculosis
1 Introduction
1.1 Tuberculosis: Initiation, Etiology, Symptoms, Pathophysiology
1.2 M. tuberculosis Drug Development and Phage-Based Therapy: Potential Anti-TB Treatment
2 Herbs Used in the Treatment of Tuberculosis
2.1 Multitargeting Potential of Natural Products in TB Treatment
3 Potential of Phytoconstituents
4 NDDS Approaches for TB
4.1 Potential of Novel Drug Delivery for Herbal Drugs
4.2 Bioenhancers Based on Mechanism of Action
5 Conclusion
References
Index
