This book systematically introduces the advancement of transparent soil modelling technique and its application. The transparent soil modelling technique provides an essential tool for visualizing soil-structure interaction and other geotechnical problems such as grouting, soil plugging. The geotechnical properties of the newest transparent soils were reported on model sand, clay and rock. In addition, more advanced image processing methods were summarized. In this book, numerous applications of transparent soil modelling techniques for different geotechnical problems were presented, and the results obtained are supplemented by numerical calculation and theoretical analysis.
Author(s): Honghua Zhao, Gangqiang Kong, Wanghua Sui
Series: Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 364
City: Singapore
Preface
Aim
Salient Features
Organization
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Authors
Part I Transparent Materials
1 Introduction
References
2 Transparent Sand of Silica Gel
2.1 Static Properties of Silica Gel
2.2 Dynamic Properties of Silica Gel
2.2.1 Resonant Column Tests and Sample Preparation
2.2.2 Shear Modulus of Silica Gel
2.2.3 Comparison with Shear Modulus of Clay, Sand and Gravel
2.2.4 Damping Ratio of Silica Gel
2.3 Summary and Conclusions
References
3 Transparent Sand of Fused Quartz
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Static Properties of Fused Quartz
3.2.1 Materials
3.2.2 Stress–Strain Curves of Transparent Soil of Fused Quartz
3.2.3 Shear Strength
3.2.4 Pore Pressure
3.2.5 Deviatoric Stress and Stress Ratio
3.2.6 Summary
3.3 Geotechnical Properties of Fused Quartz with Different Pore Fluid
3.3.1 Fused Quartz and Pore Fluid
3.3.2 Experimental Program
3.3.3 Testing Results
3.3.4 Critical State Line
3.3.5 Duncan-Chang Model for Transparent Soils
3.3.6 Summary
3.4 Dynamic Properties for Transparent Soil of Fused Quartz
3.4.1 Experiment
3.4.2 Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Fused Quartz
3.5 Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Transparent Soils with Different Pore Fluids
3.5.1 Pore Fluids
3.5.2 Testing Methods
3.5.3 Shear Modulus Influenced by Pore Fluids
3.5.4 Damping Ratios Influenced by Pore Fluids
3.6 Cyclic Undrained Behavior and Liquefaction Resistance of Transparent Sand Made of Fused Quartz
3.6.1 Testing Methods
3.6.2 Results and Analysis
3.7 Summary
References
4 Transparent Clay of Carbopol U10
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and Manufacture Process
4.2.1 Raw Materials
4.2.2 Manufacture Processes
4.3 Optical Properties of Synthetic Clay
4.3.1 Transparency Analysis
4.3.2 Speckle Pattern
4.4 Geotechnical Properties of Synthetic Clay
4.4.1 Shear Strength
4.4.2 Consolidation
4.4.3 Hydraulic Conductivity
4.4.4 Thermal Conductivity
4.5 Discussions and Conclusions
References
5 Transparent Rock
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Testing Methodology
5.2.1 Materials and Specimens
5.2.2 Test Facilities and Processes
5.3 Experimental Results and Discussions
5.3.1 Uniaxial Compression Test
5.3.2 Brazilian Tensile Test
5.4 Conclusions
References
6 Pore Fluid
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Low Viscosity Pore Fluid
6.2.1 Temperature Variation of the Viscosity and Refractive Index of the Potential Solvents
6.2.2 Determination of the Matching Refractive Index of the Matching Pore Fluid
6.2.3 Investigation on the Interaction Between the Pore Fluid and the Latex Membrane
6.3 New Pore Fluid to Manufacture Transparent Soil
6.3.1 Introduction
6.3.2 Pore Fluids Tested
6.3.3 Apparatus and Procedures
6.3.4 Results and Discussions
6.4 Summary and Conclusions
References
Part II Transparent Soil Imaging and Image Processing
7 Laser Speckle Effect
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Characteristics of Laser Speckle Field
7.3 Digital Image of Laser Speckle
References
8 2D Transparent Soil Imaging and Digital Image Cross-Correlation
8.1 2D Transparent Soil Model and Imaging
8.2 Digital Image Correlation (DIC)
8.3 Main Error Sources in 2D-DIC Measurement
8.4 Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)
8.5 Influences of Fused Quartz Grain Size on the Displacement by DIC
8.5.1 Experimental Program
8.5.2 Influences of Different Sized Fused Quartz on Displacement Measurement
8.5.3 Selecting the Query Window Based on Average Gray Gradient
8.5.4 Influences of Fused Quartz Grain Size on the Query Window Size in DIC
8.5.5 Translation Test
8.6 Summary
References
9 Camera Calibration Based on Neural Network Method
9.1 Camera Calibration
9.2 Neural Network Calibration Method
9.3 Angle Error Analysis
9.4 Application in DIC and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)
9.5 Summary and Conclusions
References
10 Three-Dimensional Transparent Soil Imaging and Processing
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Transparent Soil Model and Testing Set Up
10.3 Automatic Tomographic Scanning Measuring Device and Experimental Setup
10.4 Optimized Particle Image Velocimetry Image Processing Algorithm
10.5 The Calibration Tests
10.5.1 The Calibration Tests of Automatic Tomographic Scanning Measuring Device
10.5.2 The Accuracy of the Optimized Image Processing Algorithm
10.6 Modified 3D Reconstruction Method
10.7 Application to Jacked-Pile Penetration
10.7.1 Comparison of the Displacement Pattern Between Flat-Ended Pile and Cone-Ended Pile
10.7.2 Deformation Behaviour During Continuous Penetration
10.8 Summary and Conclusions
References
Part III Application of Transparent Soil Modelling in Geotechnical Engineering
11 Application of Transparent Soil Modeling Technique to Investigate Pile Foundation
11.1 Visualization Model Test on Construction Process of Tapered Pile Driving and Pile Base Grouting in Transparent Soil
11.1.1 Introduction
11.1.2 Construction Process In-Situ
11.1.3 Model Description
11.1.4 Results Analysis and Discussion
11.1.5 Modeling Limitations
11.1.6 Conclusions
11.2 Visualization Model Test on Bearing Capacity of Pipe Pile Under Oblique Pulling Load
11.2.1 Introduction
11.2.2 Model Test Description
11.2.3 Results and Discussions
11.2.4 Conclusions
11.3 Soil Plugging Effects in Pipe Pile
11.3.1 Introduction
11.3.2 Laboratory Tests
11.3.3 Test Results and Analysis
11.3.4 Conclusion
11.4 Pile-Soil-Cap Interaction Investigation
11.4.1 Introduction
11.4.2 Experimental Program
11.4.3 Testing Results and Analysis
11.4.4 Summary and Conclusions
11.5 Model Tests of Jacked-Pile Penetration into Sand Using Transparent Soil and Incremental Particle Image Velocimetry
11.5.1 Introduction
11.5.2 Experimental Methodology
11.5.3 Experimental Results and Analysis
11.5.4 Summary and Conclusions
11.6 Visualization of Bulging Development of Geosynthetic-Encased Stone Column
11.6.1 Introduction
11.6.2 Experimental Description
11.6.3 Results and Discussion
11.6.4 Conclusions
Appendix: Theoretical Predicted
References
12 Application of Transparent Soil Modeling Technique to Grouting
12.1 Modeling of Grout Propagation in Transparent Replica of Rock Fractures
12.1.1 Introduction
12.1.2 Materials
12.1.3 Experimental Set Up and Procedure
12.1.4 Results and Analysis
12.1.5 Conclusions
12.2 Modeling of Chemical Grout Column Permeated by Water in Transparent Soil
12.2.1 Introduction
12.2.2 Materials
12.2.3 Physical Modeling Experiments
12.2.4 Transparent Soil Model Results
12.2.5 3D FEM Model
12.2.6 Limitations and Discussion
12.2.7 Conclusions
References
13 Application of Transparent Soil Modeling Technique to Rapid Penetration of Objects
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Experimental Program
13.2.1 Projectile Accelerator and Projectile
13.2.2 Transparent Soil Model
13.2.3 Penetration Depth Measurement
13.3 Experimental Results
13.3.1 Penetration into Dry Fused Quartz Sand
13.3.2 Penetration into Transparent Soil (Fully Saturated)
13.4 Visualization of the Penetration Event
13.5 Discussions
13.5.1 Penetration Depth Scaling
13.5.2 Collision Duration tc
13.5.3 Peak Acceleration
13.5.4 Kinetic Energy
13.6 Summary and Conclusions
References
