The study of vortex and wave flows is one of the traditional problems of fluid mechanics, the practical importance of which has grown significantly in recent years. Consideration of the processes of substance transfer in such complex systems as natural water bodies is fraught with many difficulties of a methodological and fundamental nature: the extreme complexity of conducting a full-scale experiment, the complexity and variability of hydrophysical fields of the ocean and hydrometeorological conditions during research, and also, in some cases, the complexity and the variability of the properties of the transferred substance. In this connection, it is of particular interest to study the transfer of markers in stationary vortex and wave flows, which can form in laboratory facilities with constant external conditions. In this case, it is possible to avoid problems associated with the spatial and temporal variability of natural sources of vortex formations and directly trace the dependence of the characteristic flow parameters or the characteristics of the movement of solid or other objects placed during. This book presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the dynamics and structure of multiphase vortex flows and the nature of the transfer of three types of markers: solid-state (ice, plastic), immiscible with water (oil, oil, diesel) and soluble (aniline dyes, uranyl). The results will be important, first of all, for a better understanding of the behavior of various impurities in the circulation flows and more accurate prediction of their distribution in natural conditions (in a stratified hydrosphere and atmosphere).
Author(s): Tatiana Chaplina
Series: Earth and Environmental Sciences Library
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 155
City: Cham
Preface
Introduction
References
Contents
1 Vortex Flow in a Homogeneous Fluid
1.1 General Issues in the Theory of Vortex Flow
1.2 Experimental Modelling of Vortex Flow: Equipment, Methodology of Laboratory Experiments and Parameters of the Flow Under Study
1.3 General Model of Vortex in a Cylindrical Container
1.4 Surface Cavern Geometry and Critical Conditions for Restructuring the Flow in a Compound Vortex in Containers of Different Geometries
1.5 Cave Shapes Composite Vortex in Clear Water
1.6 Characteristic Processes at the Free Surface of a Compound Vortex Flow
1.7 Spiral Structure of Liquid Particle Trajectories Near the Vortex Surface
1.8 Flow Near the Disc
References
2 Solute Admixture Transport from a Compact Source in a Composite Vortex
2.1 Experimental Studies of Solute Transport in Vortex Flow
2.2 Structural Stability of Soluble Admixture Transfer Pattern from a Spot on the Surface of a Compound Vortex
2.3 Transfer of Miscible Admixture into the Thickness of the Composite Vortex
2.4 Visualisation and Qualitative Analysis of Flow Near the Disc Edge
References
3 Transfer of Immiscible Admixture in a Vortex Flow
3.1 Compound Vortex in a Liquid of Two Immiscible Components
3.2 Experimental Studies of Immiscible Admixture Transport in a Vortex Flow
3.3 Methodology for Comparing Data and Constructing Approximation Curves
3.4 Forms of Partial Disintegration of the Oil Body in a Compound Vortex, Formation of Forward and Backward Emulsions
References
4 Motion of Solid Markers in a Vortex Flow
4.1 Experimental Investigations of the Movement on the Surface of the Vortex Flow
4.2 Analytical Representation of Marker Movement on the Vortex Surface
4.3 Experimental Study of Miscible Admixture Transfer from a Solid Marker on a Vortex Flow Surface
References
5 Modelling Hydrocarbon Spillage on the Surface of Water
5.1 Evolution of Oil on the Water Surface
5.1.1 Spreading
5.1.2 Displacement (Advection)
5.1.3 Evaporation
5.1.4 Dissolution
5.1.5 Emulsification
5.1.6 Oxidation
5.1.7 Dispersing
5.1.8 Settling
5.2 Analytical and Numerical Modelling of the Hydrocarbon Slick Shape on the Water Surface
5.3 Experimental Investigation of Hydrocarbon Spreading on Water Surfaces
References
General Conclusions
Bibliography
