This book is about theories and applications of thermosyphons and heat pipes. It discusses the physical phenomena that drive the working principles of thermosyphons, heat pipes and related technologies. Many applications are discussed in this book, including: rationalizing energy use in industry, solar heating of houses, decrease of water consumption in cooling towers, improvement of the thermal performance of industrial and domestic ovens and driers and new devices for heating stored oil and gas in petrochemical plants. Besides, the book also presents heat pipe and thermosyphon technologies for the thermal management of electronic devices, from portable equipment to airplanes and satellites. The first part of the book explores the physical working principles of thermosyphons and heat pipes, by explaining current heat transfer and thermal resistance models. The author discusses the new heat pipe and thermosyphon technologies that have been developed in the last decade for solving a myriad of electronic, environment and industrial heat and thermal problems. The focus then shifts to the thermosyphon technology applications, and the models and simulations necessary for each application – including vehicles, domestic appliances, water conservation technologies and the thermal control of houses and other structures. Finally, the book looks at the new technologies for heat pipes (mini/micro) and similar devices (loop heat pipes), including new models for prediction of the thermal performance of porous media. This book inspires engineers to adopt innovative approaches to heat transfer problems in equipment and components by applying thermosyphon and heat pipe technologies. It is also of interest to researchers and academics working in the heat transfer field, and to students who wish to learn more about heat transfer devices.
Author(s): Marcia Barbosa Henriques Mantelli
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 420
City: Cham
Acknowledgments
Contents
Nomenclature
Roman Letter Symbols
Greek Letter Symbols
Subscripts and Superscripts
Numerical
1 Introduction to Thermosyphons and Heat Pipes
1.1 Working Principles
1.2 Applications
1.3 Book Outline
Part IFundamentals and Fabrication Aspects
2 Physical Principles
2.1 Nusselt Model for Wall Condensation
2.2 Liquid–Vapor Phase Change Model
2.3 Fluid Flow
2.4 Boiling
2.5 Closure
References
3 Thermal and Hydraulic Models
3.1 Thermodynamic Aspects
3.2 The Effective Length
3.3 Liquid Phase Pressure Distribution
3.4 Vapor-Phase Pressure Distribution
3.5 Vapor Pressure Drop Models
3.6 Gravity Pressures
3.7 Liquid and Vapor Pressure Distribution Curves
3.8 Operational Limits
3.9 Geyser Boiling Phenomena in Thermosyphons
3.10 Closure
References
4 Design of Thermosyphons and Heat Pipes
4.1 Thermosyphons
4.2 Heat Pipes
4.3 Heat Pipe Selection of Design Parameters
4.4 Design Methodology
4.5 Closure
References
5 Fabrication and Testing
5.1 Fabrication
5.2 Cleaning Process
5.3 Out-Gassing of Tube Materials and Working Fluids
5.4 Charging Procedures
5.5 Sodium Charging—High Temperature Devices
5.6 Thermal Testing
5.7 Closure
References
6 Application of Models to Selected Cases
6.1 Ordinary Geometry Thermosyphon
6.2 Small Diameter Thermosyphon
6.3 Water–Copper Heat Pipe
6.4 Ethanol–Copper Heat Pipe
6.5 Elliptical Cross Section Water-Cooper Heat Pipe
6.6 Water–Copper Grooved Heat Pipe
6.7 Conclusion
References
Part IISpecial Devices
7 Classification According to Operational Principles
7.1 Loop Thermosyphons—LTS
7.2 Capillary Pumped Loops—CPL
7.3 Loop Heat Pipes—LHP
7.4 Vapor Chamber
7.5 Pulsating Heat Pipes (PHP)
7.6 Mini Two-Phase Devices
7.7 Closure
References
8 Classification According to Operational Temperature
8.1 Cryogenic Heat Pipes
8.2 Intermediate Temperatures
8.3 High Temperature
8.4 Closure
References
Part IIIApplications
9 Thermosyphon Heat Exchangers
9.1 Geometry
9.2 Thermosyphon Heat Exchanger Design Methodology
9.3 Thermosyphon Heat Transfer
9.4 External Convection
9.5 Flow Pressure Drops
9.6 Selection of Tube Geometries and Materials
9.7 Design Methodology
9.8 Special Configurations of Thermosyphon Heat Exchangers
9.9 Conclusions
References
10 Electronics Cooling
10.1 Electronic Cabinets
10.2 Electronics Cooling
10.3 Vapor Chambers
10.4 Avionics Cooling
10.5 Closure
References
11 Other Applications
11.1 Cooling Towers
11.2 House Solar Heating System
11.3 Ovens
11.4 Oil Tank Heaters
11.5 Concluding Remarks
References
