Nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer diagnosis and therapy through targeted drug delivery. Advances in protein engineering and materials science have led to the development of nanocarriers (NCs), which have helped overcome the challenges faced during conventional cancer treatment. These nanocarriers serve as an efficient transport module for drugs. Nano-drug delivery has emerged as a promising technology that results in early detection and better treatment of various cancers. The approved nanoparticles currently used in cancer treatment strategies include liposomes, dendrimers, polyplexes, solid lipid nano-carriers, etc. These nanocarriers can potentially provide a quick, safe, and cost-effective method in cancer therapy and management.
This book presents thirteen chapters that cover cancer nanotherapeutics for various cancers. The reference covers lung, breast, cervical, ovarian, colon, prostate, and head and neck cancers. Each chapter reviews advanced data from existing and ongoing clinical research and major regulatory considerations. A list of scientific references for further reading supplements every chapter. Readers will be able to understand recent advances and challenges faced by researchers in cancer nanomedicine.
This reference book will greatly benefit undergraduate and postgraduate students, oncologists, pharmacists, and researchers involved in nanomedicine and nano-drug delivery.
Author(s): Neeraj Mishra, Ashish Garg, Neeraj Upmanyu
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 419
City: Singapore
Cover
Title
Copyright
End User License Agreement
Contents
Foreword
Preface
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
List of Contributors
Cancer Biology
Aakanchha Jain1,2,*, Shiv Kumar Prajapati3, Dolly Jain4, Richa Jain5, Amrita Kumari Panda6, Nagma Parveen7, Satpal Singh Bisht7 and Santosh Kumar Behera1
INTRODUCTION
CANCER INCIDENCE AND ETIOLOGY
Histopathology
CANCER GENETICS
Protooncogene
Antioncogenes
Apoptosis Regulator Gene
DNA Repair Gene
TUMOUR VASCULATURE
HALLMARKS TO CANCER
BIOMARKERS FOR CANCER: WHAT ARE THEY AND HOW DO THEY HELP?
Some Other Important Cancer Biomarkers
METABOLIC TRANSFORMATION IN CANCER
Cell Cycle–Targeted Cancer Therapies
APOPTOSIS AND CANCER
STEM CELLS TARGETED CANCER THERAPY
Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs) in Cancer Treatment
Adult Stem Cells in Cancer Treatment
Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) in Cancer Treatment
TUMOUR SUPPRESSOR GENES IN CANCER
p53
Retinoblastoma (Rb)
PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue)
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Nanotechnology for Cancer Treatment: An Introduction
Farhan Mazahir1, Anchal Pathak1, Ujala Gupta1 and Awesh K. Yadav1,*
INTRODUCTION
POLYMERIC NCS
Polymeric NCs: Polycaprolactone (PCL) NCs
Polymeric NCs: Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) NPs
Polymeric NCs: Polyplexes
Polymeric NCs: Chitosan (CHN) NPs
MICELLES (MCS)
MICELLES (MCS): NIOSOMES
NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS (NLCS)
INORGANIC NCS (INCS)
Inorganic NCs (INCs): Iron-Based NCs
Inorganic NCs (INCs):Au - Based NCs
Inorganic NCs (INCs): Gadolinium (Gd) Based NCs
MESOPOROUS SILICA-BASED NPS (MSNPS)
MSNPs and Tumor Targeting
MSNPs Based NPs in Photothermal Therapy (PTT)
MSNs in Gene Therapy
OTHER CARRIERS FOR PTT
Ag-based NCs
Copper Sulfide-based NCs
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Potential Approaches for Delivery of Surface Decorated Nano-carriers in the Management of Carcinoma
B. Patil1, A. Tiwari1, S.P. Pandey1, T. Shukla2,* and N. Upmanyu3,4
INTRODUCTION
Cancer
Nanocarriers
IMPORTANCE OF NANO-CARRIERS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO SURFACE MODIFICATION OF NANOPARTICLES WITH THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Surface Modification With Polyethylene Glycol(PEG)
Use of Pegylated Di-bock Polymers for the Formation of Nanocarrier
Use of Pegylated Tri-block Polymers for the Formation of Nanocarriers
Pegylation of Already Formed Vesicles
Formulation of Stimuli-sensitive Nanocarrier
pH-sensitive Nanocarriers
Temperature Sensitive Nanocarrier
Surface Modification Using Different Ligands
Modification of Nano-carrier/Nanoparticles Surface With Transferrin
Modification of Nano-carrier/Nanoparticles Surface with Folate
Modification of Nano-carrier/Nanoparticles Surface with Aptamers
Modification of Nano-carrier/Nanoparticle Surface with Peptides and Monoclonal Antibodies
Modification of Nano-carrier Surface with Anisamide
Modification of Nano-carrier Surface with Cell-penetrating Peptides
Other Approaches to Surface Modification
Light-sensitive Nano Preparation
Ultrasound-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems
Magnetic field-sensitive Nano Preparation-
Role of Surface-modified Nano-carriers in the Diagnosis of Different Types of Cancer
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
Importance of Surface-modified Nanocarriers (SMN) in the Management of Cancer
Meghna A. Singh1, Azmi Khan1, Tarani P. Shrivastava2, Firdos Khan3, Ajay Sharma4 and Madhu Gupta1,*
INTRODUCTION
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL BARRIERS IN TUMOR TARGETING
NEED OF NANO-FORMULATIONS IN CANCER TREATMENT
BIODEGRADABLE AND NON-BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS
Biodegradable Polymers
Mechanism of the Breakdown of Biodegradable Polymers
Examples of Biodegradable Polymers
Non-Biodegradable Polymers
Examples of Non-Biodegradable Polymers
TARGETED DELIVERY FOR SMN IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
Passive Targeting
Active Targeting
CHALLENGES FOR SMNS IN CANCER DRUG TARGETING
CLINICALLY APPROVED/ PATENTED NANO-FORMULATIONS
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTIVE
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCE
Targeted Nanocarriers-based Approach For Prostate Cancer Therapy
Ashish Garg1, Vijay Sagar Madamsetty2, Sumel Ashique3, Vinod Gauttam4 and Neeraj Mishra5,*
INTRODUCTION
PROSTATE CANCER NANOCARRIERS & NANOTECHNOLOGY
ROUTES OF DRUG DELIVERY TO THE PROSTATE
Systemic Route
Locoregional Routes
Intraprostatic Route
Vas Deferens
Transrectal
NANOPARTICLES SYSTEM FOR PROSTATE TARGETING CLASSIFICATIONS
Prostate Cancer and Liposomal Nanoparticles
Systems of Polymeric Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment
System of Carbon-based
Dendrimeric Device
Quantum Dot Platform
System of Gold Nanoparticulate
Platform for Metallic Nanoparticle
PROSTATE CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY APPROACH
Prostate Cancer Fluorescence Diagnosis Using Nanotechnologies
Targeted PSA Nanoprobe for Imaging Prostate Cancer
Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Nanoprobes for Imaging Prostate Cancer
RECENT AND ONGOING CLINICAL TRIALS FOR PROSTATE CANCER TREATMENT
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Nanocarriers and their Role in the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Sidhartha S. Kar1, Arghya Kusum Dhar2,* and Shvetank Bhatt3
INTRODUCTION
CONVENTIONAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER
LIMITATIONS OF THE CURRENT BREAST CANCER TREATMENTS
NANODELIVERY SYSTEMS IN THE TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER
IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NPS
TYPES OF NANOCARRIERS
Lipid-based Nanocarriers
Features of Lipid-based Nanocarriers
Liposomes
Advantages
Disadvantages
Solid lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs)
Advantages
Disadvantages
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs)
Advantages
Disadvantages
Lipid-polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles
Advantages
Disadvantages
Nanoemulsions
Advantages
Disadvantages
Example
Polymeric Nanoparticles
Dendrimers
Polymeric Micelles
Polymer-drug Conjugates
Inorganic Nanoparticles
Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)
Quantum Dots
Carbon-based Nanoparticles
Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon Dots
Fullerene and Graphene
Magnetic Nanoparticles
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (SPIO)
Silica Nanoparticles
Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles
Other Inorganic Nanoparticles
Antibody-conjugated Nanoparticles
Exosomes as Nanocarrier
Virus-based NPs
NANOCARRIERS AND MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE
APPLICATIONS OF NANOCARRIERS IN BREAST CANCER STEM CELL THERAPY
CLINICAL TRIALS FOR NANOPARTICLES TARGETING BREAST CANCER
CONTINUING CHALLENGES IN NANOCARRIERS DEVELOPMENT
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Importance of Surface-modified Nanocarriers in the Management of Cervical Cancer
Hari Krishnareddy Rachamalla1 and Vijay Sagar Madamsetty1,*
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF NANOPARTICLES LOCALIZATION INTO THE TUMOR
ROLE OF SURFACE-ENGINEERED LIPOSOMES IN CERVICAL CANCER
ROLE OF SURFACE ENGINEERED METAL NANOCARRIERS IN CERVICAL CANCER
ROLE OF SURFACE ENGINEERED POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES IN CERVICAL CANCER
ROLE OF SURFACE ENGINEERED CARBON-BASED NANOPARTICLES IN CERVICAL CANCER
ROLE OF SURFACE ENGINEERED POLYMERIC MICELLES (PMS) IN CERVICAL CANCER
ROLE OF SURFACE-ENGINEERED DENDRIMERS IN CERVICAL CANCER
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
Importance of Nanocarriers in Colon Cancer
Neha Srivastava1,2, Yachana Mishra3 and Vijay Mishra2,*
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COLON CANCER
Incidence
Mortality
PATHOGENESIS
Progression of Carcinoma Sequence
Chromosomal Instability Pathway/APC Pathway
Mismatch Repair Mechanism
Hypermethylation BRAF Pathway
NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED APPROACHES FOR COLON CANCER TREATMENT
Liposomes
Nanoparticles
Self-nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System
Carbon Nanotubes
Polymeric Nanoparticles
Dendrimers
SMART DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Nanocarriers in The Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer
Ashish Garg1,*, Vaibhav Kumar S. Gawali2, Rupesh K. Gautam3, Rajeev K. Singla4,5 and Sumel Ashique6
INTRODUCTION
PRESENT ADJUVANT OF CHEMOTHERAPY AGAINST THE HNC
HNC NANOPARTICLES THERAPY
HNC Therapy Material Requirement
HNC Therapy Nanostructure Requirements
DELIVERY OF TARGETED NANOPARTICLES FOR THERAPY OF HNC
Strategy of Targeted Delivery for the Therapy of HNC
ORGANIZATION ROUTES FOR THE THERAPY OF HNC
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEGEMENT
REFERENCES
Accounts on the Nano-carrier System for Diagnosis Purposes
S.P. Pandey1,*, P. Jangied1, T. Shukla2, Tripathi A.3 and N. Upmanyu3,4
INTRODUCTION
DIFFERENT NANO-CARRIERS USED FOR DIAGNOSIS
Polymeric Nano-carrier
Polymeric Nanoparticles
Polymeric Micelles
Polyplexes
Dendrimers
Lipid-based Nanocarriers
Nanoemulsions
Liposomes/Niosomes
Niosomes
Lipoplexes
Solid lipid Nanocarriers/Nanostructures Lipid Carriers
Inorganic Nanocarriers
Metal-based Nanoparticles
Quantum Dots
Carbon Nanotubes
Others
NANOTECHNOLOGY BASED FORMULATION AT THE CLINICAL LEVEL
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES:
Toxicology Related to Nanoparticles – Challenges and Future Prospects
Sweta Garg1,*, Prakash Pandey2, Sumel Ashique3 and Neeraj Mishra4
INTRODUCTION
NANOMATERIAL
Properties and application of Nanomaterials
Routes for Nanoparticle Administration
Inhalation Exposure
Dermal Exposure
Ingestion
Medical use of Nanoparticles
Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Gene Therapy
Treatment of Neural Degeneration
Tissue Engineering
Antimicrobial Activity
Orthopaedic Implants
Dental Application
Cardiovascular Applications
Dermal Applications
NANOTOXICITY
TOXICITY OF NANOMATERIALS
Metal Nanomaterials
Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
Carbon Nanomaterials
Quantum Dots
TOXIC EFFECTS OF NANOPARTICLES ON SYSTEMS
Circulatory System
Digestive System
Endocrine System
Immune System
Respiratory System
Urinary System
Nervous System
Reproductive System
Hazardous Effect of Nanomaterials
THE TOXICITY MECHANISM OF NANOPARTICLES
TOXICITY TESTING
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTIVE
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEGEMENT
REFERENCES
Cancer Drug Products Containing Nano-materials: Key Regulatory Issues
Jinu Mathew1, Pallav Namdeo1 and Ashish Garg1,*
INTRODUCTION
CHARACTERISTICS OF NANO-MATERIALS
ANTI-CANCER DRUG COMPOUNDS AND PRODUCTS CONTAINING NANO-MATERIALS
TRENDS IN APPROVAL AND DEVELOPMENT
NANO-MATERIALS FOR CANCER TREATMENT
Liposomal Doxorubicin (Doxil)
Myocet
ThermoDox
Liposomal Daunorubicin (DaunoXome)
Paclitaxel protein-bound, Albumin-bound Paclitaxel (Abraxane)
EndoTAG-1
Liposomal Cisplatin (Lipoplatin)
Onco TCS: Vincristine
Vinorelbine
DepoCyt (Liposomal Cytarabine)
Annamycin
Oncaspar (Asparaginase)
Camptothecins
Lurtotecan
Irinotecan (NKTR-102)
REGULATORY GUIDELINES FOR NANO-MATERIAL-BASED FORMULATION
THE APPLICATION REVIEW PROCESS
Types of NDA, as per Section 505 of the FD&C Act
Biologics License Application (BLA)
505(j) (Generics)
SPECIAL REGULATORY PROVISION FOR CANCER PRODUCTS
REGULATORY CHALLENGES FOR NANOMEDICINES
GLOBAL STRATEGIES FOR THE REGULATION OF NANO-MATERIALS FOR DRUG DELIVERY AND TARGETING FOR ANTI-CANCER SUBSTANCES
[USA]
USA
UK
EU
Canada & Japan
Others
FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Future Prospective and Challenges in the Treatment of Cancer
Aakriti Garg1, Santanu Kaity2, Manisha Thakur3, Ashok Kumar Datusalia3 and Anoop Kumar4,*
INTRODUCTION
CURRENT CHALLENGES FOR CANCER TREATMENT
Breast Cancer, Treatments, and Challenges
Lung Cancer, Treatments, and Challenges
GIT Cancer, Treatments, and Challenges
Hepatic Cancer, Treatments, and Challenges
Prostate Cancer, Treatments, and Challenges
Blood Cancer, Treatments, and Challenges
Skin Cancer, Treatments, and Challenges
Pancreatic Cancer, Treatments, and Challenges
FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Subject Index
Back Cover
