Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are a biologically aggressiveform of breast cancer and constitute approximately 10-15% of all breast cancerpatients. Distant metastasis, lack of clinically targeted therapies andprognostic markers, makes the disease difficult to treat. Till now not muchwork has been carried out on this deadly disease. This book provides an overview of TNBC etiology, its treatmentstrategies and prognostic markers to identify the outcome of standard therapies.Signalling pathways namely cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion andmetastasis, apoptosis, autophagy and others involved in complicating thedisease have been described in the chapters to convey an understanding aboutthe disease mechanisms. All the possible drugs either in pre-clinical orclinical stages have also been mentioned with data that depicts their efficiencyin targeting altered genes. The book also introduces the reader to herbalmedicine exhibiting high potency to target TNBC, their synthetic analogs usedduring chemotherapy and their ability to fight against chemoresistance. Theconcept of phytonanotechnology has also been discussed. The book helps createawareness among a broad range of readers about TNBC. It points to prioritizingthe upgradation of health care facilities and re-designing future treatmentstrategies to provide maximum benefit to breast cancer patients.
Author(s): Acharya Balkrishna
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 228
City: Singapore
Cover
Title
Copyright
End User License Agreement
Contents
Foreword
Preface
List of Contributors
Etiological Insights into TNBC and their Related Catastrophic Risks
Haritha H Nair1 and Ruby John Anto1,*
INTRODUCTION
Epigenetic Profiling of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
DNA Methylation Altering Triple Negative Breast Cancer Expression
Histone Modification Altering Triple Negative Breast Cancer
miRNA Altering Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Long Non-coding RNA Signature Altering Triple Negative Breast Cancer Expression
An Insight of Molecular Characterization of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION OF TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Basal Like (BL1 & BL2) Subtype of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Immunomodulatory Subtype of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Mesenchymal and Mesenchymal Stem Like Subtype of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Luminal Androgen Receptor Subtype of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Claudin Low Subtype of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
HETEROGENEOUS NATURE OF TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER: A STUMBLING BLOCK
POSSIBILITY OF SURVIVAL IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
UPDATES OF TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER ACROSS THE GLOBE
Prevalence of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Amongst Barbadian Women
Prevalence of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Amongst African Women
Prevalence of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Amongst Oman Women
Prevalence of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Amongst New Zealand Women
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
REFERENCES
A Clinical Cognizance of Molecular and Pathological Diagnostic Approach of TNBC
Acharya Balkrishna1,2, Usman Umar Zango3, Saima Kauser Nasir4 and Vedpriya Arya1,*
INTRODUCTION
CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Immunohistochemistry of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Analysis of Emerging Mutations in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Biology of Circulating Tumor DNA and its Implication in Characterization of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
PROTEOMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS OF TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
RADIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
MRI Analysis of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Mammography of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
REFERENCES
Molecular Sub-Typing and Exploration of Key Signalling Pathways Involved in Complicating the Disease
Nikhil Ponnoor Anto1, Amitha Muraleedharan2 and Rashmi Mittal3,*
INTRODUCTION
Aetiology of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Subtypes
Sub-Classification of Triple Negative Breast Cancer on Basis of Aberrated Copy Number
Sub-Classification of Triple Negative Breast Cancer on Basis of Histology
Sub-Classification of Triple Negative Breast Cancer on Basis of Proteome Analysis
Sub-Classification of Triple Negative Breast Cancer on Basis of Mutations
MOLECULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Role of Angiogenesis in Complicating Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Role of Altered Apoptosis in Complicating Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Role of Altered Autophagy in Complicating Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Role of Metastasis in Complicating Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Role of Molecular Signaling Pathways Involved in Complicating Triple Negative Breast Cancer
IDENTIFICATION OF OTHER GENES AND SIGNALING PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN COMPLICATING TNBC
Role of Androgen Receptors in Complicating TNBC
Role of miRNAs in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Role of Estrogen Receptor Related Receptor in Complicating Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Role of other Signaling Pathways in Complicating Triple Negative Breast Cancer
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
REFERENCES
Pre-Clinical and Clinical Evidence of Recent Therapeutic Trends and Spotting Possibility of Cure in Near Future
Amitha Muraleedharan1, Sagar Kumar2 and Rashmi Mittal2,*
INTRODUCTION
Current Paradigm of Therapeutic Approach Against Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Surgery in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cases
Radiotherapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Chemotherapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
PRE-CLINICAL AND CLINICAL EVIDENCE OF THERAPEUTIC REGIMENS AGAINST TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Anti-angiogenic Agents in Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Anti-Androgen Receptors against Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Apoptosis Inducing Drugs against Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Immunomodulatory Agents against Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Cell Cycle Inhibitors for Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Inhibitors of Pro-Survival Signalling Pathways in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
COMBINATIONAL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH AGAINST TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
REFERENCES
Evaluating Fate of Emerging Resistance Hitting the Brakes on Conventional Treatment Approach
Nikhil Ponnoor Anto1 and Rashmi Mittal2,*
INTRODUCTION
AN INSIGHT OF FACTORS RESPONSIBLE BEHIND CHEMORESISTANCE IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Role of Cancer Stem Cell in Inducing Resistance
Role of Hypoxia in Inducing Resistance
Role of Enhanced Lysosomal Biomass in Inducing Resistance
Role of Metabolic Interaction with Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Inducing Resistance
Role of PTEN and PI3k/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Inducing Resistance
Role of ABC Transporters in Inducing Resistance
MOLECULAR SIGNATURES OF CHEMOSENSITIVITY IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Altered miRNA Expression as Predictor of Chemoresistance
Analysis of Transcriptional Signatures as Predictor of Chemoresistance
Role of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes as Predictor of Chemoresistance
DRUG REPURPOSING IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
COMBINATIONAL TARGETED AND BIOLOGICAL THERAPIES TO OVERCOME TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
REFERENCES
Herbal Medicine: Prejudice to Realm of Reality Against TNBC
Balachandran S. Vinod1 and Ruby John Anto2,*
INTRODUCTION
NATURAL PRODUCTS AGAINST TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Role of Polysaccharides in Targeting Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Role of Phenols in Targeting Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Role of Saponins in Targeting Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Role of Flavonoids in Targeting Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Role of Taxanes in Targeting Triple Negative Breast Cancer
ROLE OF HERBAL MEDICINES IN TARGETING MOLECULAR SIGNALLING PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Role of Herbal Medicine in Targeting Angiogenesis
Role of Herbal Medicine in Arresting Cell Cycle
Role of Herbal Medicine in Inducing Metastasis
Role of Herbal Medicine in Inducing Apoptosis
Role of Herbal Medicine in Inducing Autophagy
POTENTIAL ROLE OF HERBAL MEDICINE IN TARGETING SIGNALLING PATHWAYS IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Herbal Medicine Targeting Akt/mTOR/NF-kB Signalling Pathways
Herbal Medicine Targeting STAT3 Signalling
Herbal Medicine Targeting Wnt/β-Catenin Sigalling Pathway
COMBINATIONAL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH AGAINST TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER USING HERBAL MEDICINE
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
REFERENCES
Unveiling the Potency of Phyto-Constituents to Target TNBC: Mechanism to Therapeutics
Sreekumar Usha Devi Aiswarya1 and Smitha V. Bava1,*
INTRODUCTION
Phyto-Constituents as Genetic or Epigenetic Modulator of TNBC
Phytochemicals Induced Demethylation in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Phytochemical Induced Histone De-acetylation in TNBC
PHYTOCHEMICAL MEDIATED INHIBITION OF MOLECULAR TARGETS IN TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Phytochemical Mediated Inhibition of Cell Proliferation in TNBC
Phytochemical Mediated Inhibition of Metastasis in TNBC
Phytochemical Mediated Induction of Apoptosis in TNBC
Phytochemicals Induced Autophagy in TNBC
Phytochemical Mediated Inhibition of Angiogenesis in TNBC
COMBINATIONAL DRUG THERAPY TO RE-SENSITIZE CONVENTIONAL DRUG TARGETS USING HERBAL MEDICINE AGAINST TNBC
Combinational Therapy Comprising Herbal Medicine Along with Doxorubicin Against TNBC
Combinational Therapy Comprising Herbal Medicine Along with Docetaxel Against TNBC
Combinational Therapy Comprising Herbal Medicine Along with Paclitaxel Against TNBC
Combinational Therapy Comprising Herbal Medicine Along with Bicalutamide
POSSIBLE CHALLENGES LIMITING APPLICATION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AGAINST TNBC
Limiting Solubility and Poor Absorption of Phytochemicals in TNBC
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
REFERENCES
Phyto-nanotechnology: Enhancing Plant Based Chemical Constituent Mediated Anticancer Therapies
Usman Umar Zango1, Aminu Abubakar2, Rohit Saxena3 and Vedpriya Arya4,*
INTRODUCTION
NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Smart Nanoparticles for Treatment of TNBC
Cell Membrane Coated Nano-particles For Treatment of TNBC
Immunological Cells-Based Nanosystems for Treatment of TNBC
NANO-SOLDIERS FOR TREATMENT OF TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Role of Nano-soldiers in Enhancing Bioavailability of Phytochemicals Against TNBC
Role of Nano-Soldiers in Enhancing Targeted Delivery of Phytochemicals Against TNBC
NANO-PHYTOCHEMICALS AGAINST TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Anacardic Acid- Nanoconjugates Against Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Betulinic Acid-Nanoconjugates Against Triple Negative Breast Cancer
EGCG Nanoconjugates Against Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Gambogic Acid Nanoconjugates Against Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Resveratrol Nanoconjugates against Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Curcumin Nano Conjugates Against Triple Negative Breast Cancer
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
REFERENCE
Novel Implications of Prognostic Markers to Monitor the Disease: An Overview
Rohit Saxena1, Ankit Gupta2, Vikrant Singh3, Vipin Kumar Singh4, Sagar Kumar5 and Rashmi Mittal5,*
INTRODUCTION
PROGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE POTENTIAL OF HISTOLOGIC SUBTYPING IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
PROGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE POTENTIAL OF LYMPH NODE STATUS IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
PROGNOSTIC ROLE OF LYMPHOVASCULAR INVASION IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
PROGNOSTIC POTENTIAL OF MIRNA IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
PROGNOSTIC POTENTIAL OF KI-67 IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
PROGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE ROLE OF TUMOR-INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS OF BRCANESS IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS OF P53 IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
REFERENCES
Stumbling Blocks in Reinvigorating the Health of Diseased Individuals Through Herbal Medicine
Acharya Balkrishna1, 2, Rashmi Mittal1 and Vedpriya Arya1,*
INTRODUCTION
DIFFICULTY IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL DRUG CANDIDATES AGAINST TNBC
CONSUMER'S PREFERENCE TOWARDS IMPLICATIONS OF HERBAL MEDICINE AGAINST TNBC
BIOPHARMACEUTICS CONSIDERATION OF HERBAL MEDICINE AGAINST TNBC
IMPACT OF PHARMACEUTICAL ENVIRONMENT ON EFFICACY OF THESE PHYTOCHEMICALS
CHANGES IN REGULATORY PROCEDURES OF HERBAL MEDICINE WORLDWIDE
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Subject Index
Back Cover
