The book discusses how division affect the fabric of cities, and people’s sense of identity and agency, and are reflected in physical features, architecture, and urban planning. The question of divided cities represents a complex and multistranded urban Ecology―at once both social and spatial; it cannot be limited to a single science or discipline, such as social or spatial fields. This suggests integrated and cross- disciplinary understandings, as well as integrated or parallel approaches and solutions. Urban ecologies of division manifest in multiple forms. One of their most palpable expressions is conflict, with parallels around the world, and often with correlations in the spatial fabric. Violence in such contexts is often a surface expression of deeper socio-economic or ideological differences. Whether as a result of intervention by authority or by dissent between groups, a divided city inevitably becomes a place of conflict in various forms and intensity, eroding the joy of living and sense of collective belonging to the detriment of all. In effect, it erodes the collective advantage of being part of a more unified society.
A city exists in collections of social structures which mutually form a society. A divided city implies divided social structures and, in consequence, a divided society. The papers compiled in this book present many case studies of divided cities, discussing the different causes of divisions and their effects on societies. Some of the causes can be linked to conflicts, wars, colonialism, or legislative political systems.
In response to the serious challenges resulting from these divisions, the book aims to provide opportunities for new approaches and possibilities for new interventions and solutions, making it significant to urban planners, architects, and policymakers.
Author(s): Amira Osman, John Nagle, Sabyasachi Tripathi
Series: Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation: IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development
Publisher: Springer-IEREK
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 215
City: Alexandria
Scientific Committee
Contents
Historical and Contemporary Processes
1 Introduction
1 Common Threads and Systemic Currents
1.1 Socio-Economic Structures
1.2 Social Categorisations, Conditions and Intersections
1.3 Migration and Nationalism
2 Questions and Sub-Themes
2.1 Sub-Theme 1: Historical and Contemporary Processes
2.2 Sub-Theme 2: New Grounds
2.3 Sub-Theme 3: Territories and Taxonomies
2.4 Sub-Theme 4: (Re)definitions
3 Questions of Agency
3.1 The City is a Tree (Reproducing Itself)
3.2 The City is Not a Tree (Remaking Itself Anew)
4 Conference and Publication
5 Conference Host and Main Sponsor
6 Peer Review
7 An Invitation: Other Conference Contributions
8 Conference Organising Committee
2 The Intersections of Past and Present Policies in Producing and Perpetuating Processes of Division in Cape Town
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Theory and Methodology
3 Findings
4 Conclusion
References
3 Belfast's Hidden Architectures of Division and Cohesion
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Everyday Architectures of Territory
3 Micropolitics of Everyday Architecture
4 Concluding Reflections
References
4 Patterns of Inclusivity and Exclusivity: A Comparative Analysis of Asmara, Eritrea and Durban, South Africa
Abstract
1 Introduction and Background of the Problem
2 The Role of the Market in the Urban Ecology of Asmara
3 The Urban Transformation of Durban and Its Markets
4 Analysis and Conclusion
References
5 Comparative Study of Asian Cities’ Fabrics—The Morphological Approach
Abstract
1 Introduction and Significance of Research
2 Methodology
3 Comparative Analysis
3.1 Urban Network Form
3.2 Neighbourhood Blocks
3.3 Housing Form
4 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
6 Connecting Cities Across Infrastructural Divides: A Summary of Case Studies from Self-Build Practices in Tshwane East
Abstract
1 Background
2 Contextual, Theoretical Framework and Approach
3 Contextual Perpetuations of Infrastructures of Division
3.1 Spontaneous Urban Settlements and Gated Community Interfaces: Moreleta Park and Plastic View
3.2 Social Infrastructure Interfaces in Mamelodi East
4 Outcomes and Contributions
References
7 Dérive Today: Artistic Research and the City Space
Abstract
8 Exploring the Impact of Colonial Legacies in Urban-Related Identity and the Will to Participate in Urban Decision-Making: A Case Study of Morocco
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Morocco’s Colonial Experience
3 Discussion: Colonial Legacy and Urban-Related Identity
4 Conclusion
References
9 Indi-African Geometric Expression in Marabastad: Reforming Ruptured Urban Fabric in Tshwane, South Africa
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Contextual Position
1.2 Cultural Engagements
1.3 Geometry
1.4 Historical Preface
1.5 The Case Study
2 Conclusion
References
10 Containing the Human “Tree” in South Africa—What is the Perfect Size?
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methods and Materials
3 Conceptual Synopsis
4 Findings
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
New Grounds
11 Building Bridges Between Actors and Territories in Mexico City. Challenges, Opportunities, and Paradoxes of Sustainable Food Initiatives
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Problem Statement
3 Literature Review
4 Potential Significance of the Work
5 Theoretical and Methodological Approach
6 Major Findings
7 Conclusion
8 Implications
References
12 A Gender-Sensitive Landscape Planning Approach in Urban Transformation to Improve the Quality of Everyday Life for All Case Study: Khartoum
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Framework and Methodology
3 RESULTS: Assessment of the Current Urban Landscape of Khartoum
3.1 The Impact of Khartoum’s Urban Landscape on the Quality of “Everyday Life” of Different Gender Groups
3.2 Key Factors in the Production of the Current Urban Landscape of Khartoum
4 Conclusion and Proposals
References
13 Re-Imagining the Role of Climate Finance in Promoting a Just Transition: The Case of Post-apartheid Divided Small Towns in South Africa’s Northern Cape Province
Abstract
1 Energy Poverty and the Promise of a Just Transition
2 The Energy Ecologies in Small Towns
3 Towards Attaining a Just Transition
4 The Socio-economic Impacts of Climate Finance
5 Conclusion and Implications for Small Towns
References
14 Adaptive Reuse of Buildings as a Strategy to Reconnect Divided Societies in Durban
Abstract
1 Introduction
References
15 A Critique of Entrenched Methodology Towards Inclusive Urban Place-Making
Abstract
1 Background and Context
2 A Critique of Objectivist Design Methodologies and Approaches
3 Proposition: Subjective Interpretation/Perception Through Being and Dwelling
4 Conclusion
References
16 My Mabopane: Opportunities of Photovoice to Support Inclusive Urban Green Space Engagement and Planning
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Methods
4 Preliminary Findings
5 Conclusions and Implications
Acknowledgements
References
17 The Political and Democratic City: The Place of Difference
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology and Theoretical Concepts
2.1 The Political and Place
3 Place Reading
4 Implications
References
18 Upsouth: Digitally Enabling Rangatahi (Youth) and Their Whānau (Families) to Build Critical and Creative Thinking Toward More Active Citizenship in Aotearoa New Zealand
Abstract
1 Whakatauki (Opening Proverb)
2 Background and Context
3 Research Design and Methodology
4 Unexpected Outcomes (Positive and Negative)
4.1 Banking and Financial Literacy
4.2 Technology Challenges: Data
4.3 Rangatahi Ideas Connecting to Community Projects
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
19 Fog Water for a New Ground
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Fog Harvesting
3 Methodology
4 Multicriteria Analysis and Discussion
4.1 Morocco
4.2 Eritrea
5 Feasibility Considerations, Toward Novel Fog Harvesting Lightweight Infrastructures
6 Conclusions
References
20 Learning from Architects Who Engage in the Upgrade of Informal Settlement Programmes (UISP) in South Africa
Abstract
1 Extended Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Literature Review
1.3 Potential Significance of the Work
1.4 Theoretical and Methodological Approaches
1.5 Major Findings
2 Conclusions
3 Implications for Further Research
References
21 Addressing Housing Inequalities in Post-conflict Belfast: A Transformative Justice Approach
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Problem Statement
3 Significance of the Work
4 Theoretical and Methodological Approach
5 Anticipated Findings, Conclusions, and Implications
References
Territories and Taxonomies
22 Spatial Inequality of Accessibility to Urban Parks: Case Study of Auckland Public Housing Developments
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Clustering and Distance Analysis
2.2 EDA/ESDA
3 Major Findings
4 Conclusions and Implications
References
23 Urban Aural Environments: The Sound Ecologies of Johannesburg
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Major Issues
3 Potential Significance
4 Theoretical Approach
5 Methodological Approach
6 Major Findings
7 Conclusion
References
24 Exploring Digital and Financial Divide and Its Effects on South African Women’s Engagement in Entrepreneurship
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Entrepreneurship, Financial and Digital Divide
3 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)
4 Methodological Approach
5 Major Findings
6 Urban Inequality in Financial and Digital Divide
7 Discussion
8 The Extent of Inequality Amongst Women Entrepreneurs in the City of Tshwane
9 Conclusion
10 Theoretical and Implication of the Study
References
25 An Ethnographic Account on the Desire for Greenery in the Affluent Northern Suburbs of Johannesburg, South Africa
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Framework
3 Cultivating Greenery
4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
26 The Informal Land Market in the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Area: Evidence from the Inspection of Irregular Subdivisions (2009–2018)
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Background and Methods
3 Case Study
4 Results
References
27 Urban Form and Health Status in Gauteng, South Africa
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
28 Un-Slumming the Slum of a Small Town: An Ethnographic Account from Bodh Gaya, India
Abstract
1 Situating Slums and Small Towns
1.1 Defining Slum
2 Slum/Not a Slum in Bodh Gaya
2.1 Land, Zamindari and Insecure Tenures
2.2 Infrastructure, Density and Durable Housing
2.3 Slum or Village?
3 Conclusion
References
29 Most Colonial Architecture: Oriental Architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina Along the Border Between National Discourses
Abstract
1 Introduction, Problem Statements and Major Issues Addressed
2 The Potential Significance of the Work
3 The Theoretical and Methodological Approach(es) Pursued
4 Conclusion and Findings
References
30 Socio-Spatial Segregation as a Consequence of Commercial Gentrification in the Centrality of Cumbayá, Quito—Ecuador
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Approaches
3 Methodology
4 Results
5 Conclusions
References
(Re)definitions
31 Venting Practices: Navigating Interpersonal Dynamics of Socio-Technical Spatial Design Work in Neo-Apartheid Cities
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical and Methodological Approach(es) Pursued
3 Major Issue(s) Addressed
4 Potential Significance of the Work
5 Problem Statement
6 Initial Findings
7 Conclusions
8 Implications
References
32 The Zinc Forest: Making Home in the (Post)Apartheid City
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Problem Statements
3 Major Issues Addressed
4 Significance of the Work
5 Theoretical and Methodological Approaches
6 Major Findings
7 Conclusions and Implications
References
33 Redefining Place in Urban Ecologies of Divided Cities: A Case Study of Durban, South Africa
Abstract
1 Conceptualisation of Community in Relationship to Cosmological Ecosystems
2 Spatial Justice and Its Impact on Urban Communities: A Case Study of Durban, South Africa
3 Conclusion
References
34 Places of Worship in the Urban Landscape: The Role of Participatory Processes for Their Reuse in a European Comparative Perspective
Abstract
1 Introduction: Places of Worship in the European Context
2 The Universal Framework Provided by Canon Law
3 The International Contest
4 The National Legislation in Three Case Studies
4.1 Belgium
4.2 France
4.3 Italy
5 Conclusions
References
35 Religion and Identity Construction: Unity in Diversity
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Problem Statements
3 Major Issue(s) Addressed
4 Potential Significance of the Work
5 Theoretical and Methodological Approaches
6 Major Findings
7 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
36 The Minimum Logic: The Influence of 1950s Model Native Housing Design on Contemporary Affordable Housing Design in South Africa
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Native Housing (Pre-1952)
3 Native Housing (1952–1994)
4 Reconstruction Development Programme (RDP, 1994–2004)
5 Breaking New Ground (BNG, 2004–Present)
6 Conclusion
References
37 Learning from the Falls Belfast: Urban Reflections on Defensive Space in Belfast
Abstract
References
Questions of Agency
38 Repositioning Architectural Education Through Tactics of Transgression
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 A Divided Nation
3 Divided Architectural Education System
4 Divided Architectural Department
5 Divided Architectural Pedagogies
5.1 Protest City Elective
6 Conclusion
References
39 The Role of Art in the Construction of Public Space: Istanbul Biennials from 1987 to 2019
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Scope and Significance of the Study
3 Conceptual and Methodological Approach of the Study
4 Major Findings
5 Conclusion
References
40 Question of Agency: What Drives Divisive Space (Re)production and Spatial Transformation in the City of Polokwane?
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Approach and Literature Review
3 Methodology
4 Major Findings
4.1 Governance, and Policy Drivers
4.2 Spatial Characteristics/Biophysical Drivers
4.3 Social and Cultural Norms
4.4 Economic Drivers
5 Conclusion and Implications
References
41 Rural Open Building: The Design of a House in Bushbuckridge, South Africa
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 RDP and OB
4 Bushbuckridge and Family
5 Design and Theoretical Premise
6 Adaptability for Future Scenarios
7 Disentanglement
8 Design Process Implications
9 Conclusions
References
Author Index
