This book offers a detailed account of the issues, models, and outcomes of research into the cognition of bilingualism. The first chapter identifies the most important characteristics of this research and its historical developments, before the main part of the book explores studies of four bilingual processing topics. The first of these is lexico-semantic representation and organization in bilinguals, which deals with how words and meanings are represented and connected in the bilingual mind. The second, cross-language priming, explores the bilingual lexicon by examining how exposure to words in one language may affect word recognition in another and leads to the discovery of an asymmetry in translation priming. The third topic is selective lexical access in bilinguals, which examines whether bilinguals can selectively activate one language while suppressing the other, while the fourth is code switching, focussing on language control and language regulation mechanisms in
bilinguals. The book concludes with a chapter that reviews research in three areas beyond lexical processing: autobiographical memory, the representation and interaction of syntactic knowledge, and the consequences of bilingualism. The volume demonstrates the theoretical significance and real-world practical implications of research into bilingual language processing, and will be a valuable resource for seminars and courses from advanced undergraduate level upwards.
Author(s): Nan Jiang
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 272
City: Oxford
cover
titlepage
copyright
Contents
Preface
List of figures and tables
List of abbreviations
1 Introducing bilingual processing research
1.1. Characterizing bilingual processing research
1.1.1. A broad definition of bilingualism
1.1.2. A clear focus on the cognitive aspect of bilingualism
1.1.3. A well-defined set of research questions
1.1.4. A rich repertoire of lab-based research paradigms
1.1.5. An overlap with second language processing
1.2. A historical perspective: 1950s to 1970s
1.2.1. Classifying and assessing bilingualism
1.2.2. From memory organization to lexical organization in bilinguals
1.2.3. Exploring bilingual processing
1.2.4. The coming of a new era
2 Lexico-semantic organization in bilinguals
2.1. One or two lexicons?
2.2. One or two semantic systems?
2.2.1. Finding a shared semantic system
2.2.2. The distributed conceptual feature model (DCFM) and related research
2.2.2.1. The concreteness effect
2.2.2.2. The cognate effect
2.3. Conceptualizing lexico-semantic connections in bilinguals
2.3.1. Word association versus concept mediation
2.3.2. The bilingual dual-coding theory (BDCT)
2.3.3. The revised hierarchical model (RHM)
2.4. Examining L2-concept connections
2.4.1. Examining direct semantic access in L2 processing
2.4.1.1. Semantic effects in L2 processing tasks
2.4.1.2. Semantic effects and L2 proficiencies
2.4.2. Comparing semantic access in L1 and L2 processing
2.4.2.1. Interlingual semantic priming studies
2.4.2.2. The processing of emotional words in L1 and L2
2.4.2.3. False memory studies in bilinguals
2.5. Conclusion: In need of a more nuanced theory of semantic representation
3 Cross-language priming
3.1. The priming paradigm
3.2. Exploring asymmetry in translation priming
3.2.1. The emergence of asymmetry in masked priming
3.2.2. Moderating variables
3.3. Explaining asymmetry in translation priming
3.4. Conclusion
4 Selectivity in lexical access in bilinguals
4.1. The emergence of the topic
4.2. Conceptualizing selectivity in bilingual lexical access
4.2.1. Bilingual model of lexical access (BIMOLA) and the language mode hypothesis
4.2.2. The bilingual interactive activation (BIA) model and its successors
4.3. Examining selectivity in bilingual lexical access
4.3.1. The weak and strong versions of the nonselective access hypothesis
4.3.2. Testing the weak version: Are bilinguals able to ignore a task-irrelevant language?
4.3.3. Testing the strong version: Looking for the effect of a hidden language
4.3.3.1. Evidence for and against the strong version
4.3.3.2. The case of interlingual homographs and homophones
4.3.3.3. Moderating variables
4.3.4. Different-script bilinguals and shared phonology
4.4. Conclusion
5 Language switch and control in bilinguals
5.1. Examining code switching
5.1.1. Asymmetry in switch costs in L1 and L2 production
5.1.2. An L2 advantage in mixed-language production
5.1.3. Mixing costs
5.1.4. Moderating variables
5.1.4.1. Preparation time
5.1.4.2. Predictability
5.1.4.3. Valence
5.1.4.4. Task requirement: Comprehension versus production
5.2. Conceptualizing language switching and control
5.2.1. Hypotheses and models of language switching and control
5.2.2. The role of inhibition in switch costs
5.2.3. The locus of inhibition and switch costs
5.3. Conclusion
6 Bilingualism beyond lexical processing
6.1. Autobiographical memory in bilinguals
6.2. The representation and interaction of syntactic knowledge in bilinguals
6.3. Consequences of bilingualism
6.3.1. Linguistic consequences
6.3.2. Cognitive consequences
6.3.2.1. Cognitive flexibility
6.3.2.2. Inhibitory control
6.4. Conclusion
References
Subject Index
Author Index
