The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Analysis covers the major approaches to discourse analysis from critical discourse analysis to multimodal discourse analysis and their applications in key educational and institutional settings. The handbook is divided into eight sections: Approaches to Discourse Analysis, Gender, Race and Sexualities, Narrativity and Discourse, Genre and Register, Spoken Discourse, Social Media and Online Discourse, Educational Applications and Institutional Applications.
The chapters are written by a wide range of contributors from around the world, each a leading researcher in their respective field. With a focus on the application of discourse analysis to real-life problems, the contributors introduce the reader to a topic and analyse authentic data. This fully revised second edition includes new sections on Gender, Race and Sexualities, Narrativity and Discourse, Genre and Register, Spoken Discourse, Social Media and Online Discourse and nine new chapters on topics such as digital communication and public policy and political discourse.
This volume is vital reading for all students and researchers of discourse analysis in linguistics, applied linguistics, communication and cultural studies, social psychology and anthropology.
Author(s): Michael Handford, James Paul Gee
Series: Routledge Handbooks in Applied Linguistics
Edition: 2
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 672
City: London
Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Contributors
Introduction
References
Part I Approaches to Discourse Analysis
1 Critical Discourse Analysis
Introduction
Critical Analysis of Discourse as a Part of Critical Social Analysis
One Version of CDA
A Trans-Disciplinary Research Methodology
Stage 1: Focus Upon a Social Wrong, in Its Semiotic Aspect
Stage 2: Identify Obstacles to Addressing the Social Wrong
Stage 3: Consider Whether the Social Order ‘Needs’ the Social Wrong
Stage 4: Identify Possible Ways Past the Obstacles
Illustration – Critical Research On the Financial and Economic Crisis
Recent Developments
Further Reading
References
2 Evaluation and Discourse Analysis
Introduction
A Brief History of Linguistic Evaluation Research
Appraisal
Evaluation and Legitimation
Future Developments
References
3 A Culturalist Approach to Discourse
Introduction
Acultural Approaches
Cultural Approaches
A Culturalist Approach
A Chinese Exemplar of Doing CDS
Conclusion: a Disciplinary Agenda
Notes
Further Readings
References
4 Discursive Psychology
Discursive Psychology and Discourse Analysis
Theoretical Principles of Discursive Psychology
Discourse Is Action Oriented
Discourse Is Situated
Discourse Is Constructed and Constructive
Discourse Is Produced as Psychological
Methodological Procedure of Discursive Psychology
Discursive Psychology in Practice
Interdisciplinary Prospects and Applications
Further Reading
References
5 Conversation Analysis
The Conversation Analytic Approach
Generating Data
Naturally Occurring Interaction
A Note On Sampling
Audio and Video Recording
Transcribing Data
Analyzing Data
Getting Started
Begin With a “Noticing”
Begin With a Vernacular Action
Grounding an Analysis
The Response as an Analytic Resource
Deployment as an Analytic Resource
Working Through Collections
Retrospect and Prospect
Appendix: Transcription Conventions
Note
Further Reading
References
6 Interactional Sociolinguistics and Discourse Analysis
What Is Interactional Sociolinguistics?
What Are the Key Studies in the Area?
How Does IS Help to Approach Discourse?
How Do You Make an IS Analysis?
Why Is IS Important?
Notes
Further Reading
References
7 Discourse-Oriented Ethnography
Discourse-oriented Ethnography: Traditional and Emergent
Origins and Brief History of Traditional Ethnography
Discourse-oriented Ethnography: Two Traditional Approaches
Interpretive Ethnography
Ethnography of Communication
Analysing Interview Data in an Ethnographic Study
Two Emergent Approaches to Ethnography
Note
Further Reading
References
8 Discourse Analysis and Linguistic Anthropology
Introduction
Origin Stories, Programmatic Paradigms, and Analytic Trajectories
Society in and Through Language: an Origin Story of Discourse Analysis
Language in and Through Culture: a Programmatic Review of Linguistic Anthropology
From Language to Law …
… And Back Again
Conclusion
Related Topics
Further Readings
References
9 Corpus-Based Discourse Analysis
Synergy Between Corpus Linguistics and Discourse Analysis
Corpus-based Textual Approach: Focus On Academic Discourse
Two Schools in Corpus-Based Analyses of Academic Discourse
Linguistic Devices With Discourse Functions
Lexical Bundles
Metadiscourse
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (CADS): Focus On Political Discourse and the Media
Overview of CDA and CADS
Key Studies in CDA and CADS
Corpus-based Contextual Approach: Focus On Workplace Discourse
Recent Developments and Looking to the Future
Further Readings
References
10 Multimodal Discourse Analysis
What Is Multimodal Discourse Analysis?
What Are the Key Issues That Multimodal Discourse Analysis Has Brought to Light?
What Can Multimodal Discourse Analysis Tell Us About Learning and Social Life?
What Does a Social Semiotic Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Communication/(inter-)action and of Semiotic Entities/texts Entail?
Why Is a Social Semiotic Multimodal Discourse Analysis Important?
Addendum: Multimodal Transcription of and in a Multimodal World
Jeff Bezemer
Further Reading
References
11 Systemic Functional Linguistics: Exploring Meaning in Language
Systemic Functional Linguistics and Discourse Analysis
Reasoning With Patterns of Grammar and Meaning
SFL and Critical Discourse Analysis
Social Contexts Explored in SFL Analyses
New Directions in SFL Discourse Analysis
Further Reading
References
12 Metaphor and Discourse: A View From Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory
Aspects of the Communicative Situation
Functions of Metaphor in Discourse
Levels of Metaphor
Contextual Influence On Metaphor Production
Metaphorical Meaning-Making in Discourse
Conclusions
Further Readings
References
Part II Gender, Race and Sexualities
13 Gender and Discourse Analysis
Language and Gender – the Turn to Discourse
The Discursive Construction of Dominance
Discourse Patterns in Same-Sex Talk
Competing and Intersecting Discourses: Multiple Femininities, Multiple Masculinities
Ideologies of Gender and Discourse
Note
Further Reading
References
14 Queer Linguistics and Discourse Analysis
Introduction: Queer Linguistics as an “Open Mesh of Possibilities”
Beyond Binary Thinking
Demystifying the Narrative Production of Normative History
Documenting Queer Linguistic Responses to Racialization
Conclusions
Notes
Further Reading
References
15 Intersectionality and Discourse Analysis
Intersectionality: Black Feminism and the Discourse of Social Justice
Womanist Discourse Analysis: What Can We Learn From Black Girl Nerds?
Black Girlhood Multimodal Discourse Analysis: Past, Future, and Present
Intersectionality in Discourse Analysis: Calling in the Field
Conclusion: From the Kitchen Table to the Stars
Further Reading
References
16 Discourse, Gender and Professional Communication
Introduction: State of the Field
Gender and Intersectionality at Work
Key Methods
Analysis
Future Directions
Transcription Conventions
Further Reading
References
17 (Anti)Racist Discourse
Introduction and Aims
Racism in the Media
Racist Media Contexts
Racist Media Discourse
Topics
Local Meanings
Metaphors
Organization and Structures
Voice and Quotations
Social Media
Political Discourse
Parliamentary Debates
Party Programmes and Manifestos
Example of an Antiracist Manifesto
Speeches of Politicians
Educational Discourse
Curricula
Textbooks
Classroom Interaction
Everyday Conversation
Antiracist Discourse
Conclusions
Future Developments
Further Reading
References
Part III Narrativity and Discourse
18 Narrative Analysis
Why Narrative Matters
Narrative Hermeneutics
Narrative and Social Identity
Theorizing Narrative as a Discursive Activity
Modelling Narrative Structure
Narrative as an Interactional Accomplishment
Narrative Events and Participant Roles
Topical Relevance
Narrative Point
Situated Tellings
Narratives as Evidence
Narratives as Breaking News
Narratives of Shared Experience
Further Reading
References
19 Literary Discourse
Is There Such a Thing as Literary Language?
How Is the Discourse Situation Different in Literary Texts?
Do the Different Literary Genres Require Different Approaches?
What Work in Discourse Analysis Is Useful for Analysing Literary Discourse?
Looking to the Future
Further Reading
References
20 Narrative, Cognition and Rationality
Discourse and Rationality
The Place of Narrative
What Is a Story?
Ceteris Paribus
Rationality and Modes of Discourse
A Discourse Model of Reasoning
Conclusion
Notes
Further Readings
References
Part IV Genre and Register
21 Register and Discourse Analysis
Introduction
Corpus-based Analyses of Registers
E-mail Messages as a Register
Variation Among Sub-Registers of E-Mail Messages
Multi-dimensional Studies of Register Variation
Conclusion
Further Reading
References
22 Genre, Register and Discourse in Systemic Functional Linguistics
Genre, Register and Discourse Analysis
Genre Relations
Story Genres
Explanations
Curriculum Genres
Conclusion
Note
Further Reading
References
23 Genre as Social Action
Activity, Agency, and Utterance at the Start
Meaning-making, Typification, and Genre
Typification, Social Organization, and Social Change
Speech Acts, Social Facts, Knowledge, and Knowledge Transitivity
Genres, Socialization, and Cognitive Development
Further Reading
References
24 Critical Genre Analysis of Professional Discourse
Introduction
Analyzing Genre
Critical Genre Analysis
Interdiscursivity
Professional Practice
Corporate Disclosure Practices
Concluding Remarks
Further Reading
References
Part V Spoken Discourse
25 Prosody in Discourse
Introduction to the Discourse Intonation Framework
Tone Units
Prominence
Tone
Key and Termination
Conclusion
Transcription Conventions
Further Reading
References
26 Lexis in Spoken Discourse
Lexis as a Discourse Phenomenon: Key Studies
Corpus Evidence
Lexical Chunks and Pragmatic Specialisation
Lexis and Turn-Construction
Lexical Repetition and Relexicalisation
Lexical Triggers: Vague Category Markers
Lexis and Turn-Openings
Response Tokens as Discourse Items
Lexical Chaining Within and Across Speaker Boundaries
Conclusion
Note
Further Reading
References
27 Emergent Grammar
Background to Emergent Grammar
General
Historical Background to Emergent Grammar
Emergent Grammar and Grammaticalization
Emergent Grammar and Fixed Expressions
Summary
Grammar From an Emergent Grammar Perspective
Emergent Grammar Vs. Sentence Grammar
The Distributed Nature of Grammar
Emergent Grammar and Temporality
Examples of Emergent Grammar
The English Wh-Cleft
Incrementality
Projection
What Insights About Grammar Has the Focus On the Emergent and Temporal Nature of Structure Brought to Light?
Extensions of Emergent Grammar
Emergent Grammar and Second Language Acquisition (SLA)
Emergent Grammar and Recent Approaches to Language
Structuration and Emergent Grammar
Note
Further Reading
References
Part VI Social Media and Online Discourse
28 Social Media and Discourse Analysis
Challenges of Social Media for Discourse Analysts
Texts and (Inter)textuality On Social Media
Participation and Interaction On Social Media
Platforms and Power
Future Directions and Challenges
Further Reading
References
29 (Small) Stories Online: The Intersection of Affordances and Practices
Situating Online Stories in Discourse Analysis
Tales and Tellings in the Online Economy of Sharing: Key Insights
Online Stories as Designed, ‘Curated’ Features: Methods
Small Stories as Formatted Genres Online
Looking Ahead: Toward a Narrative Analysis of Platformed Storytelling
Notes
Further Reading
References
30 Online Identity and Discourse Analysis
Changing Conceptualizations of Identity Online
Theorizing Identity/ies
Identities in Online Consumer Reviews
Transportable Identities
Lifestyle/preference Information
Situated Identities
Multifaceted Identities in a Single Review Text
Multimodality and Online Identities
Online Identity as a Methodological Issue
Further Reading
References
Part VII Educational Applications
31 Discourse and ‘The New Literacy Studies’
The NLS: the Basic Argument
Examples of Founding Work in the NLS: Scollon and Scollon
Examples of Founding Work: Shirley Brice Heath
Examples of Founding Work: Brian Street
Conclusion
References
32 Ethnography and Classroom Discourse
What Is Ethnography?
Characteristics of Ethnographic Approaches to the Study of Classroom Discourse
Major Themes in Ethnographic Studies of L2 Classroom Discourse
Language and Academic Discourse Socialization of ESL Learners
(Co-)Construction of Social Relations, Social Positioning and Identities
Ideologies, Power and Resistance
Social Construction of Gender, Sexuality and Race
Issues to Be Addressed
Research Design and Theoretical Motivation
Etic and Emic Perspectives
Macro- and Micro-Analysis of Classroom Discourse
Classroom as a Unit of Enquiry and the Delimitation of Classroom Discourse
Challenges for Future Research
Further Readings
References
33 Education and Bilingualism
Why Examine Education and Bilingualism?
Political Discourse and Macro-Sociolinguistics
Key Theoretical Perspectives That Bear On Classroom Discourse
Empirical Studies of Language and Power in Bilingual Education Settings
Looking to the Future
Transcription Conventions
Note
Further Reading
References
34 English for Academic Purposes and Discourse Analysis
What Is EAP?
What Has Discourse Analysis Told Us About EAP?
What Has My Work Contributed to this Area?
An Example Analysis
Looking to the Future
Further Reading
References
Part VIII Institutional Applications
35 Discourse(s) in Advertising
What Is Advertising?
Defining Advertising Discourse
Branded Content and Dialogic Relationships in Ad Messages
Further Directions and New Frameworks in Advertising
Contextualizing Contemporary Advertising: a Case Study (Too Good to Go)
Note
Further Reading
References
36 Discourse and News Media
What Is News Discourse?
Approaches in the Study of News Discourse
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)
Conversation Analysis (CA)
Corpus Linguistics (CL)
Ethnography
The Discourse of Print and Online News
Online News
Quoting in News Discourse
Involving Audiences
News Values and News Framing
The Discourse of Television News
Verbal/visual Relationships
The Broadcast News Interview
Further Reading
References
37 Discourse and Health(care)
What Is Health Communication?
Spoken Health(care) Discourse
Written Health(care) Discourse
Digital Health(care) Discourse
Outlook and Future Directions
Further Reading
References
38 Discourses in the Language of the Law
What Is Discourse in the Language of the Law?
Demographics and Lay Litigants’ Talk in Court
Patriarchy in Cross-Examination of Rape Victims and Other Witnesses
Appellate Court Opinions, Adverbs, Emphatics, and Attitudinal Stance
Conclusion
Note
Further Reading
References
39 Ethnicity and Humour in the Workplace
Humour in the Workplace
Ethnicity and Humour at Work
Analysing Humour Using Discourse Analysis
Building Solidarity
Marking Boundaries
Transcription Conventions
Notes
Further Reading
References
40 Politics as Usual: Investigating Political Discourse in Action
Discourse And/about Politics
Frontstage and Backstage: Discourse, Strategy, Performance, and Legitimation
Meanings of ‘Politics’
Language and Politics – Political Communication
Politics On the ‘Backstage’
The Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) in Critical Discourse Studies (CDS)
An Integrative-Interdisciplinary Approach
Everyday Life of an MEP – a Qualitative Critical Discourse Analysis
Episode 1: Starting the Day
Episode 2: Statement By Hans in the Committee for Social Affairs
Politics as Usual: Perspectives and Limitations
Notes
Further Reading
References
41 Critical Policy Discourse Analysis
Introducing Critical Policy Discourse Analysis
Text Oriented Discourse Analysis (TODA)
Creating a Scientific Object
Purpose of the Research
Data
Theoretical Framework
Methodological Framework
The UNAgenda2030
Analysis of the UNAgenda2030
Global Narrative Analysis
Deictic Analysis
Intertextuality and Interdiscursivity
Orders of Discourse
Texturing
Critical Reflection
The Dark Side of the Moon: Alternative Approaches and Articulate Voices
Systems Thinking and the Web of Life
Mia Mottley: Prime Minister of Barbados
Txai Surui: an Ecological Activist From the Brazilian Amazon
CPDA: Further Developments
Notes
Further Reading
References
42 Intercultural Discourse: Identity Perspectives On Business Interaction
Defining Intercultural Discourse
Culture, Groups, and Identity
Intercultural Discourse and Identity
Managing Business Image in Discourse: Handling Challenges to Professional and Individual Identity
Example 1
Example 2
Research Gaps and Methodological Issues
Conclusion
Further Reading
References
Index
