This handbook provides a unique overview of rehabilitation as practiced internationally in criminal justice. Through the contributions of a diverse group that includes, among others, academics (some of whom are former practitioners), research students, a judge, and a probation chief, it reflects common features of criminal justice in different countries and documents their diversity and celebrates their vitality. In recent times the idea of ‘law and order’ has been expropriated by populist, authoritarian and doctrinaire regimes, almost always and nearly everywhere in the service of arbitrary and unjust rule. By and large this handbook does not include such regimes. But ‘law’ itself also has the capacity to constrain rulers, and ‘order’ in the form of social peace is a universally approved civic asset. In part, the book provides a counter-narrative demonstrating that although criminal justice dispositions such as probation, prisons, and parole can be represented as a ‘via dolorosa’, rehabilitation as illustrated in these pages can become a journey that leads by degrees towards the possibility of a better life. The handbook will be of interest to students, academics, practitioners, managers, policy makers and all those who wish to gain insight into the why and the how of rehabilitation in criminal justice systems across the world.
Author(s): Maurice Vanstone, Philip Priestley
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 738
City: Cham
Acknowledgements
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Prospect
Rehabilitation
Structure and Content of the Book
References
Law, Economic Crisis, and Diversity: An Overview of Rehabilitation in Argentina
The Broad Constitutional Context
The Law and Rehabilitation
The 2017 Reform and Its Consequences
The Results of the Economic Crisis
Diversity and the Law
Rehabilitation and Restorative Justice
Conclusion: Future Possibilities
Notes
References
Rehabilitation and Beyond in Settler Colonial Australia: Current and Future Directions in Policy and Practice
Settler Colonialism and the Criminal Legal System in Australia
The Law and Policy Context of Rehabilitationin NSW
Future Directions in Rehabilitation Policy and Practice: Abolitionism and First Nations Justice Approaches
Conclusion
Notes
References
Exploring Expectations and Realities of Rehabilitation in the Canadian Context
Corrections and Rehabilitation in Canada—An Overview
Canadian Penality in a Global Context
Imprisonment and Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation Post-Prison: The Role of Government
Post-Prison Supports and the Role of Community
Gender and Rehabilitation
Conclusion
Notes
References
History and Transformations of the Model of Rehabilitation in the Criminal Justice System in Chile
A Brief Historical and Contextual Background to the Arrival of the Rehabilitative Ideal in the Chilean Criminal Justice System
The Concept of Rehabilitation4 Within the Chilean Normative Structure
The Penal Population and a State of Fragile Stability
The Model of Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration Delivered by Gendarmería
How the Model Works in the Three Systems, Closed, Open, and Post-Penitentiary
The Concession System of Prisons
Future Directions in Policy and Practice
Notes
References
Rehabilitation in a Risk Society: ‘The Case of China’
A Historical Snapshot of Rehabilitation in China
The Status Quo of Rehabilitation—The Legal and Operational Contexts
Discursive Underpinnings and Future Directions
Notes
References
Penitentiary System in Colombia
Recent History of the Colombian Penitentiary and Prison System
Colombian Penitentiary System Structure
Structural and Functional Problems of the Penitentiary System in Colombia: Human Rights Compliance
Social Support Network
Evaluation Processes
Penitentiary Programmes
Notes
References
Rehabilitation Practices in the Adult Criminal Justice System in England and Wales
A Short Introductory History of Rehabilitation Mechanisms
Theoretical Underpinnings to Models of Rehabilitation
Current Mechanisms and Their Policy and Political Context
Rehabilitation and Diversity
Research Findings and Effectiveness
Future Directions in Policy and Practice
References
Blending Culture, Religion, and the Yellow Ribbon Program: Rehabilitation in Fiji
Customary Justice in Fiji
Demographics and Diversity: New Challenges for the Fiji Corrections Service
The Intake Process
The Fijian Incarcerable Experience
Upskilling and the Yellow Ribbon Project
Embedding Community into Effective Rehabilitation
Conclusion: An Inappropriate Cultural Focus and the Need for Change
Notes
References
Rehabilitative Aims and Values in Finnish (and Nordic) Criminal Justice
From Treatment to ‘Humane Neoclassicism’
New Trends—New Solutions
Normative Framework: Aims and Values in Finnish Sentencing and Enforcement
Programmes and Enforcement Practices
Open Prisons and the Normality Principle
Prisons as a Last Resort: Community Service and Electronic Monitoring as Substitutes to Imprisonment
Concluding Remarks
Notes
References
France: Executive Managerialism, Frantic Law Reform, but Desistance Culture
Historical Mechanisms
Current Mechanisms and Their Policy and Political Contexts
Punitive Front Door but Releasing Back Door
Treatment Techniques: A Patchwork
Rehabilitation and Diversity
Theoretical Underpinnings to Models of Rehabilitation
Research Findings and Effectiveness
Conclusion: Future Directions in Policy and Practice
References
Rehabilitation in Ghana: Assessing Prison Conditions and Effectiveness of Interventions for Incarcerated Adults
Traditional Notions of Punishment and Rehabilitation
Prisons and Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation Programmes in Prisons
Prison Rehabilitation Programmes: A Closer Look
Current Rehabilitation and Reform Initiatives
Conclusion
References
Approaches to Rehabilitation in Hong Kong
Rehabilitation in the Hong Kong Criminal Justice System
Social Work Model of Probation
The Delivery of Rehabilitation in the Context of Prison
The Future of Rehabilitation as a Prime Goal in Hong Kong
References
From Need-Based to Control-Based Rehabilitation: The Hungarian Case
A Short Introductory History of Rehabilitation Mechanisms
Current Mechanisms and Their Policy, Political and Statistical Context
Specific Programmes and Methods
Rehabilitation and Diversity
Theoretical Underpinnings to Models of Rehabilitation
Research Findings and Effectiveness
Future Directions in Policy and Practice
References
A Critical Commentary on Rehabilitation of Offenders in India
The Rehabilitation of Adults
The Rehabilitation of Juveniles
Conclusion: Future Challenges for Rehabilitation in India
Notes
References
Beyond the Treatment Paradigm: Expanding the Rehabilitative Imagination in Ireland
Policies, Programmes and Contexts
Conclusion
References
Serving a Sentence in Italy: Old and New Challenges
A Brief Historical Outline of the Rehabilitation System in Italy
Rehabilitation Mechanisms: Context and Statistics
Available Tools for the Rehabilitation of Sentenced People
Rehabilitation of Sentenced Foreigners
Empirical Results of the Italian Rehabilitation System
Future Perspectives: New Rehabilitation Paradigms
Notes
References
Community-Based Rehabilitation in Japan: Some Unique Characteristics of the Japanese System and Recent Developments
Historical Perspective of Community-Based Rehabilitation Services in Japan
The Current System for Community-Based Rehabilitation
Organisational Structure of the Rehabilitation Services
Data on Probation and Parole
Evidence-Based Treatment Programmes and Support Measures
Conclusion: Challenges and Future Prospects
References
Criminal Rehabilitation in Kenya: Opportunities and Pitfalls
Characteristics of the Prison Population
Pitfalls in Criminal Rehabilitation Programme in Kenya
Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Framing and Reframing the Rehabilitation in Criminal Justice in Latvia
The Historical Context of Rehabilitation in Latvia
Origins and History of Rehabilitation Mechanisms in Latvia
The Restart of Rehabilitation
Alternatives for Deprivation of Liberty and a New Probation Service
Models of Rehabilitation in Latvia: Putting Principles into Practice
Development and Reframing the Rehabilitation (2009–2022)
Research and Rehabilitation Practices
Conclusions: Current Scope and Future Directions
Notes
References
Criminal Justice Rehabilitation in Macao, China
Introductory History and Current Mechanisms of Correction and Rehabilitation in Macao
Rehabilitation Programmes in Macao
Theoretical Underpinnings to Models of Rehabilitation
Research Findings of Correction and Rehabilitation in Macao
Current Research in Macao
Future Directions in Policy and Practice of Macao’s Rehabilitation
Note
References
The Legal Flaws and Material Implementation Gaps of Mexico’s Rehabilitation Paradigm
From readaptación to reinserción. The Unfinished Path to a Paradigm Shift
Indigenous Women and ‘Drug Traffickers’: Accumulated Discrimination in a Rehabilitation Void
Conclusion
Notes
References
Rehabilitation Within the Criminal-Legal System in Missouri
United States Criminal-Legal System—A Snapshot
Negative Impacts of Incarceration and Need for Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation and Preventing Recidivism
Intercept One
Intercepts Two/Three
Intercept Four
Intercept Five
Future Directions
Notes
References
Resocialisation and Reintegration in the Netherlands: Political Narrative Versus Reality
Current Mechanisms and Their Policy and Political Context
Rehabilitation and Diversity
Theoretical Underpinnings to Models of Rehabilitation
Research Findings and Effectiveness
Future Directions in Policy and Practice
Notes
References
Rehabilitation, Restoration and Reintegration in Aotearoa New Zealand
The Penal System in Aotearoa New Zealand
History of Rehabilitation in Aotearoa New Zealand
Rehabilitation Programmes—The Dominance of Risk, Needs and Responsivity
Critical Issues to Current Approaches to Rehabilitation in Aotearoa New Zealand
Indigenisation of Rehabilitative Processes
Potential Future Directions in Rehabilitation in Aotearoa New Zealand
Conclusion
Notes
References
An Overview of Rehabilitation Mechanisms in Nigeria’s Criminal Justice System
A Brief Introductory History of Rehabilitation Mechanisms in Nigeria’s Criminal Justice System
Current Mechanisms of Rehabilitation and Their Policy in Nigeria’s Criminal Justice System
Rehabilitation and Diversity
Theoretical Underpinnings to Models of Rehabilitation
Research Findings: Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Mechanisms
Future Directions in Policy and Practice
Conclusion
References
Penal Welfarism and Rehabilitation in Norway: Ambitions, Strengths and Challenges
A Brief History of Rehabilitation Discourse in Norway
Two Logics of Rehabilitation?
Rehabilitation in Contemporary Norwegian Penal Practice
Conclusion: Key Challenges and Future Research
Notes
References
Rehabilitation in Romania—The First 100 Years
A Brief History of the Rehabilitation Concept in Romania
Legal Framework
Effectiveness of the New Penal Code
Specific Programmes and Methods
Rehabilitation and Diversity
Concluding Remarks
Notes
References
Rehabilitation of Offenders in the Scottish Criminal Justice System
Historical Offending Context in Scotland
What Does the Criminal Justice System Look Like in Scotland?
Theories of Offending for Scotland
Criminal Justice Agencies in Scotland
Punishment—Moving to Rehabilitation
Rehabilitative Effort in Scotland: Working or Not?
Future Directions
Note
References
Offender Rehabilitation Approaches in South Africa: An Evidence-Based Analysis
Understanding the Concept of Rehabilitation
The ‘Offender Rehabilitation Approach’ in South Africa: Need and Risk Assessment Principles
The Rehabilitation Principle
Evaluating the Implementation of the Offender Rehabilitation Approach in South Africa
The Impact of Prison Overcrowding on the Rehabilitation of Offenders
Conclusion
References
Rehabilitation in Spain: Between Legal Intentions and Institutional Limitations
Brief Context: Setting the Legal and Administrative Scene
A Note on the Landscape of Punishment in Spain
Prison, Parole and Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation in the Community
A Brief Note on Criminal Records and Their Impact on the Social Reintegration of Individuals Who Have Offended
Evidence of Effectiveness
To Conclude
Notes
References
Criminal Justice Rehabilitation in Sweden: Towards an Integrative Model
Current Policy and Debate in Sweden
The Risk-Needs-Responsivity Model
The Swedish Prison and Probation Service (SPPS)
Assessment and Case Management Planning
Psychological Treatment Programmes
Education and Vocational Training
Health and Medical Care
Probation and RNR
Electronic Monitoring
Cooperation for Crime Prevention
Future Directions—Towards on Integrated Model
RNR as the Main Paradigm
Biopsychosocial Models
High-Quality Research to Ensure Resources
References
Rehabilitation in Taiwan
History of Taiwanese Criminal Justice Rehabilitation
The Birth of the Adult Probation and Parole Service in the 1980s
The Rise of Governmental Purchased Rehabilitation Services in 2000s
Who Works in Rehabilitation in Taiwan?
Probation/Parole and Professional Development
Probation and Parole Programs Before 2000
Bifurcated Criminal Policy Reform in 2000
Special Policies for Sexual Assault Offender Treatment Since 2005
Implementation of Social Labor in the Community in 2009
More Demands on Community Supervision and Medical Treatment for Violent, Psychiatric, and Drug/Alcohol Addicted Individuals Since 2010
New Developments in Rehabilitation 2010: Introducing Offender’s Family Support, Victim Services, and Restorative Justice
Models of Rehabilitation and Its Meanings
Effectiveness of Rehabilitation
Re-Offending and Violation of Parole
Completion of Harm-Reduction Community Treatment and Labor Orders
Conclusion: Future Challenges in Policy and Practice
Notes
References
Rehabilitation and the Adult Correctional Population in Texas
Rehabilitation in Theory and Context
Probation and Rehabilitation Programs in Community Supervision
Rehabilitation Programs: Prison and Parole
Measuring Rehabilitation Success
Conclusion
Notes
References
Key Practices in Thai Prisons: Rehabilitation
Introduction
History of Rehabilitation in Thailand
Current Mechanisms, Policy and Statistical Contexts
Specific Programmes and Methods
Theoretical Underpinnings to Rehabilitation
Research Findings and Effectiveness
Future Directions in Policy and Practice
Notes
References
Probation and the Prevention of Recidivism in Tunisia: Still Uncertain Beginnings
Brief History
A First Probation Office Experience in Sousse
The Justice Reform Support Programme and the Extension of Probation
The Installation of the First Probation Offices
Intervention Models and Theoretical Foundations
Definition of Tunisian Probation
Structuring the Monitoring Process
The Contributions of Research
A Weak Legislative Framework
An Extension of Probation Offices but a Chronic Lack of Resources
The Necessary Acculturation of Judges
The Future?
References
The Unfinished Symphony: Progress and Setbacks Towards a Rehabilitation Policy in Uruguay
The Drive to a Rehabilitation Perspective in the Framework of Prison Reform
Programmes Developed During the Prison Reform
Quality Information and Evaluation as Substantive Requirements of Public Policy
The Relevance of Prison Staff for Advancing the Perspective of Rehabilitation
Current Mechanisms and Their Policy and Political Contexts
Future Directions in Policy and Practice
Notes
References
Reentry and Reintegration in Virginia, U.S.
Recidivism in Virginia at a Glance
Virginia’s High Rates of Custodial Supervision
Virginia’s Custodial Programming and Practices
Methods for Assessing VADOC Programs
Available Virginia Carceral Programs and Their Evidence-Base
Summary of Existing Carceral and Community Reentry Programs
Understanding Desistance and Rehabilitation
Alternate Frameworks of Desistance and Rehabilitation
Recommendations for Virginia
Conclusion
Notes
References
Retrospect: Looking Back—Looking Forward
Forms of Historical Rehabilitation in Criminal Justice
The Present State of Play
Looking Forward
Restorative Justice
Envoi
References
Index
