Cover
Volume 1
Contents
Foreword by Chantal Radimilahy
Foreword by Peter H. Raven
Preface by Steve Goodman
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Format and Presentation
1. History of Scientific Exploration
The History of Zoological Exploration of Madagascar
References
2. Geology
Introduction to the Geology of Madagascar
Latest Paleozoic to Mesozoic Terrestrial Vertebrate Faunas of Madagascar: Biotic History during the Breakup of Gondwana
Late Cretaceous Vertebrates of Madagascar: A Window into Gondwanan Biogeography
Cenozoic Fossils of Madagascar
History of Animal and Plant Colonization: A Synopsis
Geodispersal as a Biogeographic Mechanism for Cenozoic Exchanges between Madagascar and Africa
References
3. Climate
The Climate of Madagascar
References
4. Forest and Grassland Ecology
Introduction
Forest Dynamics: Carbon, Drivers, and Trends
Assessing the Quality of Remaining Forests on Madagascar
Tapia Woodlands
Forest Ecology and Research in the Kirindy Forest CNFEREF
The Effects of Horizontal and Vertical Environmental Heterogeneity on Lemur Community Structure: A Landscape Ecology Approach
Frugivory and Seed Dispersal
The Grassy Ecosystems of Madagascar
References
5. Human Ecology
The Rise of Malagasy Societies: Recent Developments in the Archaeology of Madagascar
New Insights into the Relationship between Human Ecological Pressure and the Vertebrate Extinctions
Fire in Highland Grasslands: Uses, Ecology, and History
Hunting and the Consumption of Wildlife on Madagascar
Edible Terrestrial Arthropod Traditions and Uses on Madagascar
Ethnobotany of Madagascar
Biocultural Landscape Diversity Shaped by Agricultural Systems
One Health Research and Practice on Madagascar
References
6. Zoonotic Pathogens and Other Infectious Microbes: Diversity, Evolutionary History, and Transmission
Introducing Microbes in the Context of the Madagascar Biodiversity Hotspot
Leptospira Bacteria on Madagascar
Virus Transmission in Mammalian Hosts
Arthropod-Borne Viruses of Madagascar
Arthropod-Borne Bacteria Metabarcoding
Blood Parasites of Small Mammals on Madagascar
Pathogen Pollution: Pathogen Transmission between Introduced and Endemic Species on Madagascar
References
7. Marine and Coastal Ecosystems
Marine and Coastal Biodiversity and Conservation
Latimeria chalumnae, Western Indian Ocean Coelacanth, Fiandolo
Chondrichthyan Fishes (Sharks, Rays, and Chimaeras)
Rhincodon typus, Whale Shark, Marokintana
Pristidae, Sawfishes, Vahavaha, Vavana
Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae, Sea Turtles, Fano
Dugong dugon, Dugong, Lambohara
Cetacean Species Diversity in Malagasy Waters
Balaenoptera omurai, Omura’s Whale
Megaptera novaeangliae, Humpback Whale, Trozona
References
8. Plants
Introduction to Plants
Update on the Phylogenetic Framework of Malagasy Angiosperms
Vascular Plants of Malagasy Freshwater Wetlands
The Tsingy: Flora and Vegetation
Lichenized Ascomycetes: Lichens
Bryophytes: Diversity, Endemism, and Phytogeography
Checklist of the Bryophytes of Madagascar
Piperaceae: Peperomia
Piperaceae: Piper, Pepper, Dipoivatra, Tsiperifery
Dioscoreaceae, Yams, Ovy, Oviala, Angona
Pandanaceae, Screw-Pines, Vakoa, Hofa, Frandra
Orchidaceae
Arecaceae, Palms
Cyperaceae, Sedges
Poaceae, Grasses (Including Bamboos)
Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Legumes
Moraceae: Ficus, Figs
Euphorbiaceae and Its Segregates Peraceae, Picrodendraceae, and Putranjivaceae
Euphorbiaceae: Croton
Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia
Phyllanthaceae
Salicaceae
Violaceae
Myrtaceae, Gavo, Rotra
Melastomataceae, Princess Flower Family
Burseraceae
Anacardiaceae
Sapindaceae
Rutaceae
Malvaceae
Malvaceae: Adansonia, Baobab, Bozy, Fony, Renala, Ringy, Za
Sphaerosepalaceae
Sarcolaenaceae
Santalales, Order of the Sandalwood Family
Didiereaceae
Sapotaceae, Nanto, Famelona
Ebenaceae, Ebonies
Rubiaceae: Progress since 2003
Rubiaceae, Tribe Guettardeae and Hymenodictyeae-Naucleeae Clade, Subfamily Cinchonoideae
Rubiaceae, Mussaendeae-Sabiceeae Clade, Subfamily Ixoroideae
Rubiaceae, Coffeeae Alliance, Subfamily Ixoroideae
Rubiaceae, Vanguerieae Alliance, Subfamily Ixoroideae
Rubiaceae, Psychotrieae Alliance, and Some Related Groups, Subfamily Rubioideae
Rubiaceae, Spermacoceae Alliance, Subfamily Rubioideae
Apocynaceae
Oleaceae, Olives
Acanthaceae
Bignoniaceae
Araliaceae
Boraginales
References
9. Invertebrates
Introduction to Invertebrates
Introduction to Invertebrates
Insect–Plant Interactions: Their Importance for Biodiversity and Ecological Functioning
Annelida: Hirudinea, Leeches, Dinta, Linta, Dimatika
Gastropoda, Terrestrial and Freshwater Mollusca (Snails), Sifotra
Scorpions, Maingoka
Araneae, Spiders, Foka, Foko, Hala
Ixodida, Ticks, Kongona
Atyidae and Palaemonidae, Freshwater Shrimps, Patsa Mena
Parastacidae: Astacoides, Freshwater Crayfishes, Orana, Orambanonga, Orambato
Potamonautidae, Freshwater Crabs, Foza
Diplopoda, Millipedes, Menavetraka, Ankodavitra, Ankodiavitry, Marotanana, Sakolavitsy
Collembola, Springtails
Ephemeroptera, Mayflies
Odonata, Dragonflies, Damselflies, Angidina
Blattodea: Termitoidae, Termites, Vitsikazo, Votry
Anoplura, Sucking Lice, Hao
Hemiptera: Cicadellidae, Leafhoppers
Hemiptera, Heteroptera: Reduviidae, Assassin Bugs
Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae, Planthoppers
Hemiptera: Fulgoridae, Lanternflies, Sakondry
Hemiptera: Caliscelidae, Planthoppers
Orthoptera: Caelifera and Ensifera, Grasshoppers, Katydids, Crickets, Valala, Angely
Coleoptera: Cicindelidae, Tiger Beetles
Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Diving Beetles, Tsikovoka
Coleoptera: Gyrinidae, Whirligig Beetles, Fandiorano
Coleoptera: Haliplidae, Crawling Water Beetles
Coleoptera: Noteridae, Burrowing Water Beetles
Coleoptera: Torridincolidae, Torrent Beetles
Coleoptera: Hydroscaphidae, Skiff Beetles
Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae, Tribe Enariini, Scarab Beetles, Voangory
Coleoptera: Anthribidae, Fungus Weevils
Siphonaptera, Fleas, Parasy
Diptera: Tephritidae, Fruit Flies, Laliboankazo
Diptera: Conopidae, Thick-headed Flies
Diptera: Culicidae, Mosquitoes, Moka
Diptera: Nycteribiidae and Streblidae, Bat Flies
Diptera: Tabanidae, Horseflies, Fihitra, Lalitr’omby, Boroa
Diptera: Muscidae, Houseflies, Lalitra
Diptera: Diopsidae, Stalk-eyed Flies
Diptera: Stratiomyidae, Soldier Flies
Diptera: Acroceridae, Endoparasitoid Spider Flies
Diptera, Psychodidae: Phlebotominae, Sandflies
Diptera: Corethrellidae, Frog-biting Midges
Trichoptera, Caddisflies
Lepidoptera, Butterflies and Moths: Systematics and Diversity
Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Ants, Vitsika
Phasmatodea, Stick and Leaf Insects
References
Volume 2
Contents
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Format and Presentation
10. Freshwater Fishes
Introduction to the Freshwater Fishes
Anchariidae: Ancharius, Gogo, Catfish, Fiavoalavo, Gogo, Vaho, Vaona, Vahona
Ariidae: Arius, Plicofollis, Catfish, Fiavoalavo, Gogo, Vaho, Vaona, Vahona
Clupeidae, Pellonulinae: Sauvagella, Malagasy Round Herring, Varilava, Vilvari, Vilimena
Clupeidae, Pellonulinae: Spratellomorpha, Two-finned Round Herring, Varilava, Vilvari
Aplocheilidae: Pachypanchax, Malagasy Killifish, Morora, Komorora, Zoto
Pantanodontidae: Pantanodon
Atherinidae, Atherinomorinae: Teramulus, Silverside, Zono
Bedotiidae: Bedotia, Malagasy Rainbowfish, Zono, Garassa, Vily
Bedotiidae: Rheocles, Malagasy Rainbowfish, Katrana, Zona, Zonobe
Cichlidae, Ptychochrominae: Katria, Cichlid, Katria
Cichlidae, Ptychochrominae: Oxylapia, Cichlid, Songatana
Cichlidae, Ptychochrominae: Paratilapia, Cichlid, Marakely, Fony, Fiamanga, Trondro Mainty
Cichlidae, Etroplinae: Paretroplus, Cichlid, Damba and Many Other Malagasy Names
Cichlidae, Ptychochrominae: Ptychochromis, Cichlid, Saroy and Many Other Malagasy Names
Cichlidae, Ptychochrominae: Ptychochromoides, Cichlid, Fiapotsy and Many Other Malagasy Names
Gobiidae: Glossogobius, Cavefish, Toho
Milyeringidae: Typhleotris, Malagasy Cavefish, Toho
References
11. Amphibians
Diversity and Exploration of the Malagasy Amphibian Fauna
Species Inventories, Biogeography, Phylogeography, and Species Formation of Amphibians on Madagascar
Amphibian Conservation through the Implementation of the “A Conservation Strategy for the Amphibians of Madagascar—ACSAM
Ex Situ Conservation Efforts for the Amphibians of Madagascar
Consequences of Forest Fragmentation and Habitat Alterations for Amphibians
Amphibian Diseases and Parasites
Tadpole Communities and Tadpole Diversity
Mantellidae, Laliostominae: Aglyptodactylus
Mantellidae, Laliostominae: Laliostoma
Mantellidae, Boophinae: Boophis
Mantellidae, Mantellinae: Mantella and Wakea
Mantellidae, Mantellinae: Mantidactylus and Boehmantis
Mantellidae, Mantellinae: Blommersia
Mantellidae, Mantellinae: Gephyromantis
Mantellidae, Mantellinae: Guibemantis
Mantellidae, Mantellinae: Spinomantis
Mantellidae, Tsingymantinae: Tsingymantis
Microhylidae: Cophylinae, Microhylid Frogs
Microhylidae, Scaphiophryninae: Scaphiophryne and Paradoxophyla
Microhylidae, Dyscophinae: Dyscophus
Hyperoliidae: Heterixalus
Ptychadena, Mascarene Grass Frog
Dicroglossidae: Hoplobatrachus, Tiger Frog
Bufonidae: Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Black-spined Toad
References
12. Reptiles
Diversity and Exploration of the Malagasy Reptile Fauna
Species Inventories, Biogeography, Phylogeography, and Species Formation of Reptiles on Madagascar
Conservation Challenges and In Situ and Ex Situ
Approaches to Reptile Conservation
Valorization of Reptiles and Amphibians from the Wildlife Trade and Ecotourism
Reptiles Introduced to and from Madagascar
Crocodylidae: Crocodylus niloticus and Voay robustus (Subfossil), Voay, Mamba
Testudinidae, Land Tortoises
Podocnemididae and Pelomedusidae, Freshwater Turtles
Gekkonidae, Geckos, Katsatsaka, Tsatsake
Gekkonidae: Uroplatus, Leaf-tailed Geckos, Tahafisaka
Gekkonidae: Phelsuma, Day Geckos, Katsatsaka, Tsatsake
Gerrhosauridae, Plated Lizards, Bekaratsaka, Antalabosy, Androngo
Scincidae, Skinks, Androngo, Matahotrandro
Opluridae, Malagasy Iguanas, Androngovato
Chamaeleonidae, Chameleons, Tanalahy, Sakorikita, Tarondro
Estimates of Chameleon Density on Madagascar
Sanziniidae, Madagascar Boas
Pseudoxyrhophiidae and Psammophiidae, Colubroid Snakes, Bibilava
Typhlopidae and Xenotyphlopidae, Blind Snakes, Matahotrandro
References
13. Birds
Introduction to the Birds
The Impact of Habitat Change on Madagascar’s Birds
Bird Weights
The Avian Radiations of Madagascar
Waterbirds
Seabirds
Anatidae: Aythya innotata, Madagascar Pochard, Onjy, Fotsimaso
Mesitornithidae, Mesites
Gruiformes: Sarothruridae and Rallidae, Rails
Charadriidae: Charadrius, Plovers
Jacanidae: Actophilornis albinucha, Madagascar Jacana
Accipitriformes and Falconiformes: Hawks, Eagles, Kites, and Falcons
Coraciiformes: Brachypteraciidae, Ground-Rollers
Psittaciformes: Coracopsis, Vasa Parrots
Passeriformes: Philepittidae, Asities and Sunbird-Asities
Passeriformes: Vangidae, Vangas
Passeriformes, Monarchidae: Terpsiphone mutata, Madagascar Paradise-Flycatcher, Remaly, Tsingetra, Rengetra, Singetraka, Dady, Angetry
Passeriformes, Corvidae: Corvus splendens, House Crow, Goaika Vahiny
Passeriformes: Bernieridae, Tetrakas
Passeriformes, Ploceidae: Nelicurvius nelicourvi, Nelicourvi Weaver, Fodisaina, Fodifetsy, Fody Ala
Passeriformes, Ploceidae: Nelicurvius sakalava, Sakalava Weaver, Fodisahy, Zaky, Tsiaka
Passeriformes, Ploceidae: Foudia, Fody, Fodimena, Fodiala
References
14. Mammals
Introduction to Mammals
Genetics of Malagasy Mammals: An Overview
Heterothermy in Malagasy Mammals
Camera Trapping on Madagascar
The Effects of Forest Loss and Fragmentation on Nonvolant Mammals
Non-Native Habitat Use by Endemic Terrestrial Malagasy Mammals
Phylogenetic Overview of the Lemuriformes
Subfossil Lemurs
Predation on Lemurs
Lemur Food Plants
Fossil and Subfossil Bats
Origin and Diversification of the Malagasy Carnivora
Systematics and Phylogenetics of Madagascar’s Native Rodents (Nesomyidae: Nesomyinae)
Introduced Terrestrial Small Mammals
Tenrecidae: Microgale and Nesogale, Shrew Tenrecs
Tenrecidae: Oryzorictes, Mole Tenrecs
Tenrecidae: Tenrec ecaudatus, Tailless Tenrec, Tandraka, Trandraka, Kelora
Bats of Madagascar
Pteropodidae, Fruit Bats, Fanihy, Angavo
Myzopodidae: Myzopoda, Old World Sucker-footed Bats, Kapity Lavasofina, Kipotipoty Lavasofina
Cheirogalidae: Cheirogaleus, Dwarf Lemurs
Cheirogalidae: Microcebus, Mouse Lemurs, Tsidy, Tsy-tsy
Cheirogalidae: Mirza, Giant Mouse Lemurs
Lepilemuridae: Lepilemur, Sportive Lemurs
Lemuridae: Eulemur, True Lemurs
Lemuridae: Hapalemur and Prolemur, Bamboo Lemurs
Lemuridae: Lemur catta, Ring-tailed Lemur, Maky, Hira
Lemuridae: Varecia, Ruffed Lemurs, Varikandana, Varijatsy
Indriidae: Avahi, Woolly Lemurs, Fotsy-fe, Tsarafangitra, Dadintsifaky
Indriidae: Indri indri, Indri, Babakoto
Indriidae: Propithecus, Sifakas, Sifaka
Daubentonia madagascariensis
Eupleridae: Cryptoprocta ferox, Fosa, Fosa
Eupleres goudotii, Falanouc, Falanouc
Eupleridae: Fossa fossana, Spotted Fanaloka, Fanaloka
Eupleridae: Galidia elegans, Ring-tailed Vontsira, Vontsira Mena
Eupleridae: Galidictis fasciata, Broad-striped Vontsira, Vontsira Fotsy, Votsotsoke
Eupleridae: Mungotictis decemlineata, Bokyboky
Eupleridae: Salanoia concolor, Brown-tailed Vontsira, Salano, Vontsira Boko
Viverridae: Viverricula indica, Small Indian Civet, Jaboady
Artiodactyla, Suidae: Potamochoerus larvatus, African Bush Pig, Lambo, Lambodia, Lamboala, Antsanga
Muridae: Rattus—Ecology, Invasiveness, and Impacts
Nesomyidae: Brachytarsomys, Tree Rats, Angatra, Antsangy
Nesomyidae: Brachyuromys, Short-tailed Rats, Malagasy Voles, Voalavo, Voalavondrano
Nesomyinae: Eliurus, Tufted-tail Rats, Voalavo Ala, Sokitralina
Nesomyidae: Gymnuromys roberti, Robert’s Forest Rat, Voalavoanala
Nesomyidae: Hypogeomys antimena, Malagasy Giant Jumping Rat, Vositse, Votsotsa
Nesomyidae: Macrotarsomys, Big-footed Mice, Kelibotra, Kelobotra
Nesomyidae: Monticolomys koopmani, Mountain-dwelling Mouse
Nesomyidae: Nesomys, Red Forest Rats, Voalavo Mena, Tsangiala
Nesomyidae: Voalavo, White-tailed Mountain Mice
References
15. Conservation
Protected Areas
Conservation Technology
SMART: Technology-Based Law Enforcement Monitoring in Madagascar’s Protected Areas
Oblique Aerial Photography: A Simple and Powerful Tool to Address Deforestation
Drones as a Patrol Method in Eastern Forest Corridors
Assessing the Risk of Ecosystem Collapse on Madagascar Using the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems
Forest Conservation on Madagascar: Past, Present, and Future
References
Contributors
Index of Scientific Names
Index of Malagasy Localities
