The New Journey of China’s Economic and Social Development

Preface
Contents
1 Experiences Gained from Past 13th Five-Year Plans and Guidelines for Subsequent Plans
1.1 Historical Context of Five-Year Plans for National Economic and Social Development
1.2 Experiences Gained from Past Five-Year Plans for National Economic and Social Development
1.3 Studies on the Guiding Thoughts of the Next Five-Year Plan
1.3.1 Historical Position and Background in the Next Five Years
1.3.2 Basic Conditions and Key Issues in Relation to the Next Five-Year Development
1.3.3 Research on the Concept and Guiding Ideology for Development in Next Five Years
References
2 Overall Evaluation and Main Experiences of the Implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan
2.1 Evaluation on the Performance of Major Objectives and Tasks of the 13th Five-Year Plan
2.1.1 Evaluation on Economic Growth
2.1.2 Evaluation on Innovation
2.1.3 Evaluation on Coordinated Development
2.1.4 Evaluation on Standards of Living and Quality of Life
2.1.5 Evaluation on the Overall Caliber of the Population and the Level of Civility in Society
2.1.6 Evaluation on the Quality of Environment and Ecosystems
2.1.7 Evaluation on all Systems
2.2 Evaluation on the Performance of Main Indicators During the “13th Five-Year Plan”Period
2.2.1 Evaluation on Economic Development Indicators
2.2.2 Evaluation on Innovation-Driven Indicators
2.2.3 Evaluation on Indicators of the Peoples’ Living Standards and Wellbeing
2.2.4 Evaluation on Indicators of Resources and Environment
2.3 Evaluation on the Performance of the Fight Against Poverty
2.3.1 Performance of the Poverty Alleviation Tasks
2.3.2 Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Poverty Alleviation
2.3.3 Ensuring Realization of the Poverty Alleviation Goals and Resolutely Winning the Tough Fight against Poverty
2.4 Experiences in the Implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan
2.4.1 Pay More Attention to the Guidance of New Development Concepts and Lasting Effect
2.4.2 Deepening Reforms in All Respects and Vigorously Promoting High-Quality Economic Development
2.4.3 Giving Top Priority to a Higher Level of Openness, and Fully Stimulating Internal Driving Force and Market Vitality
2.4.4 Maintaining Strategic Resolve and Improving the Effectiveness of Macroeconomic Regulation and Control
2.4.5 Emphasizing the Effect of Scale Economy and Building a Strong Domestic Market
2.4.6 Implementing the People-Centered Development Thinking, and Enhancing Coordinated Development
2.4.7 Making Up For Shortcomings and Achieving Remarkable Results in Three Tough Battles against Poverty
3 Impacts of Medium and Long-Term External Environmental Changes on China and Countermeasures
3.1 External Environment for China’s Medium-And Long-Term Development
3.1.1 International Balance of Power (Ascending East and Descending West), and Profound Changes in the Structure of World Powers
3.1.2 Globalization Embarks on a Zigzag Path Due to Worldwide Problems and Challenges
3.1.3 Scientific and Technological Progress Has a Far-Reaching Impact and Is Beset With Many Uncertainties, So Science and Technology Will Become a Strategically Important Area for Great Power Competition
3.1.4 Far-Reaching Influence of Demographic Changes
3.1.5 Normalization of Network Security Game between Countries and the Public Consciousness of Rights Awakened By Network Technology
3.1.6 Worsening Sino-US Relations Boost the “Decoupling” Pressure
3.2 Influences of Medium and Long-Term Internal and External Environment on China
3.2.1 Influences on Promoting Supply-Side Structural Reform
3.2.2 Influences on Achieving High-Quality Development
3.2.3 Influences on Safeguarding and Shaping the Security of Overseas Interests
3.2.4 Influences on China’s Participation in and Leadership over International Economic Governance
3.3 Strategic Choice in Response to the Changes of External Environment
3.3.1 Transforming External Pressure into the Driving Force for Reform and Promoting Modernization of the National Governance System and Governance Capacity
3.3.2 Guiding Other Countries’ Opening Up To Facilitate an Open World Economy and Achieve Global Good Governance
3.3.3 Building the System and Capacity of Scientific and Technological Innovation to Improve the Overall Efficiency of the Innovation System
3.3.4 Actively Improving the Structure of Global Partnerships
3.3.5 Expanding and Upgrading the Space for the “Belt and Road Initiative” Cooperation, and Promoting Renminbi Internationalization
References
4 Strategic Priorities of Medium and Long-Term Economic and Social Development
4.1 Innovative Development After “Kicking Away the Ladder”
4.1.1 Innovative Development in the New Round of Industrial Revolution
4.1.2 Achievements and Shortcomings of Innovative Development
4.1.3 Policy Priorities for Innovative Development
4.2 Further Expanding High-Level Opening-Up
4.2.1 The World Faces Great Transformations Never Seen in a Century
4.2.2 Considerable Room for China to Integrate into the World Economy
4.2.3 Opening All Economic Sectors Wider and Deeper to the Outside World
4.2.4 Fostering a New, Dual-Circulation Development Architecture with the Domestic Circulation as the Mainstay and with Mutual Promotion of Domestic and International
4.3 Expanding Middle-Income Groups
4.3.1 Estimating the Size of Middle-Income Groups
4.3.2 Policy Options for Expanding the Scale of Middle-Income Groups
4.4 Government Administration by the Rule of Law: the Core of the Law-Based Market Economy
4.4.1 Fromthe “Barbaric Growth of Market Economy” to Law-Based Economy
4.4.2 Legal Guarantee for Modern Market Economic System
4.4.3 Rule of Law for the Government is the Key to Legalization of Market Economy
References
5 Research on Goals and Indicators of Mid-to-Long-Term Economic and Social Development
5.1 Forecast on China’s Economic Growth Potential in 2050
5.1.1 Key Mechanism for Predicting Potential Growth Rate
5.1.2 Forecast on Potential Growth Rate of China’s Economy from 2021 to 2050
5.2 Forecast on Scenarios of China’s Economic Growth and Structural Change in 2035
5.2.1 Forecast of China’s Economic Growth Scenario from 2021 to 2035
5.2.2 Forecast of China’s Industrial Structure Changes from 2021 to 2035
5.3 Basic Principles and Medium-Term Objectives for Promoting Economic and Social Development
5.3.1 Basic Principles for Promoting Economic and Social Development
5.3.2 Major Medium-Term Goals of Promoting Economic and Social Development
5.3.3 Main Indicators of Economic and Social Development for Some Time in the Future
5.3.4 Indicators for Economic Development
5.3.5 Indicators for Innovation-Driven Development
5.3.6 Indicators for Public Well-Being
5.3.7 Indicators for Green Development
References
6 Research on Rural Vitalization and Anti-Poverty Strategy and Policy
6.1 Overall Evaluation of the Rural Vitalization Strategy and the Fight Against Poverty
6.1.1 Progress and Shortcomings in the Implementation of the Rural Vitalization Strategy
6.1.2 Evaluation of the Agricultural and Rural Modernization Process in China
6.1.3 Achievements and Challenges of the Fight Against Poverty
6.2 Strategic Approach and Goals of Rural Vitalization and Anti-Poverty
6.2.1 Overarching Approach and Goal of Rural Vitalization
6.2.2 Overall Guidelines and Goals of the Fight Against Poverty
6.3 Policies and Measures for Advancing Rural Vitalization
6.3.1 Strengthening the Food Security Guarantee Policy
6.3.2 Innovating the Policy of Rural Industrial Land Use
6.3.3 Improving the Policy of Rural Talent Vitalization
6.3.4 Innovating the Policy of Agricultural Support and Protection
6.3.5 Improving the Modern Rural Industrial Policy
6.3.6 Improving the Farmers’ Benefits Affiliating Policy
6.3.7 Improving the Rural Ecological Livability Policy
6.3.8 Improving the Urban and Rural Public Service Policy
6.3.9 Establishing and Improving the Policy of Safe Countryside
6.4 Ideas and Policies of Implementing the Anti-Poverty Strategy
6.4.1 Implementing the Policy of Consolidating the Achievements of Poverty Alleviation and Eliminating Absolute Poverty
6.4.2 Improve the Rural Vitalization Policy Including the Concept of Development-Oriented Poverty Alleviation and the Development Policy of Relatively Poor Areas
6.4.3 Establishing a Specific “Three Pillars” Anti-Poverty Strategy
6.4.4 Exploring Relative Poverty Standards and Monitoring Systems of Urban and Rural Integration and Multiple Standards
6.4.5 Building a Routine Relative Poverty Governance System with Central-Local Coordination and Urban–rural Coordination
References
7 Mid-to-Long-Term Structural Adjustments of Manufacturing and Cultivation of New Competitive Advantages
7.1 Development Status and Main Problems of China's Manufacturing
7.1.1 The Growth Rate Declined and Stabilized, and the Development of Industry Differentiated
7.1.2 Formation of New Development Momentum and Effect of Weak Demand on Industry Benefits
7.1.3 The Industrial Production System is Complete and the Scale Advantage is Outstanding
7.2 Stability of Employment and Investment and Non-optimistic Market Environment
7.3 New Trends and Challenges of Global Manufacturing Development and New Demand of China's Manufacturing
7.3.1 Trends of “New Four Modernizations” of Manufacturing Industry and Its Impact on Competitive Advantages
7.3.2 Impact of New Challenges of the International Environment on China's Traditional Competitive Advantage
7.3.3 The Global Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic Threatens the Stability of China's Industrial and Supply Chains
7.4 New Demands Brought About by a Moderately Prosperous Society and the “Belt and Road” Initiative
7.5 Development Orientation and Key Areas of China's Mid-to-Long-Term Manufacturing Industry
7.5.1 Positioning of Manufacturing Industry in the National Economy
7.5.2 Favorable Conditions for Cultivating New Competitive Advantages of China's Manufacturing Industry
7.5.3 Favorable Conditions for Promoting the Development of Manufacturing Industry
7.6 Strategic Measures to Foster New Competitive Advantages
7.6.1 Industrial Basic Capacity Building Project
7.6.2 Industrial Ecosystem Upgrading Project
7.6.3 Core Technologies in High-End Manufacturing Field
7.6.4 Independent Brand Creation Project
7.6.5 Human Resources Quality Improvement Project
7.6.6 “Smart+” Pilot Demonstration Project
7.6.7 Optimizing the Global Layout Project of Manufacturing Industry
References
8 Trends and Policies for Mid-to-Long-Term Development of Service Sectors
8.1 Current Conditions, Problems and Trends of the Service Sector Development
8.1.1 Current Conditions of the Service Sector Development
8.1.2 Problems Faced by the Development of Service Sectors
8.1.3 Mid-to-Long-Term Development Trends of China's Service Sector (2020–2030)
8.2 Transformation and Upgrading: Strategic Tasks for Mid-to-Long-Term Development of China's Service Sectors
8.2.1 Significance of the Transformation and Upgrading of China's Service Sectors
8.2.2 Main Tasks of the Transformation and Upgrading of China's Service Sectors
8.3 Paths and Policies to Promote the Transformation and Upgrading of Services
8.3.1 Paths of Service Transformation and Upgrading
8.3.2 Policies for Promoting Transformation and Upgrading of Services
References
9 Mid-to-Long-Term Fiscal and Tax Reform and Financial Sustainability
9.1 Basic Background for Mid-to-Long-Term Operations of Finance and Taxation
9.1.1 Financial Positioning: The Foundation and Important Pillar of National Governance
9.1.2 Fiscal and Tax Operation Environment
9.1.3 Medium and Long-Term Fiscal Policy Control System
9.1.4 Challenges Facing Public Finance
9.2 Mid-to-Long-Term Reform of Fiscal and Taxation System
9.2.1 Progress and Existing Problems of the Reform of Fiscal and Taxation System in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period
9.2.2 Medium and Long-Term Reform of the Central-Local Financial Relations
9.2.3 Reform of the Budget System
9.2.4 Reform of the Tax System
9.3 Financial Sustainability
9.3.1 Research on Government Balance Sheets
9.3.2 Prevention Against Major Financial Risks
9.3.3 Tracking Study of the Financial Revenue and Expenditure Situations
9.3.4 Optimization of Fiscal Revenue and Expenditure Structure and Institutional Reform to Promote Fiscal Sustainability
References
10 Research on Several Major Financial Reform Issues in the Medium and Long Term
10.1 Current Situation of Financial Reform and Development
10.1.1 Financial Scale Growth and Financial Depth
10.1.2 Structure of Financial Industry
10.1.3 Reform of the Financial Regulatory System
10.1.4 Development of Financial Inclusion
10.1.5 Construction of Financial Infrastructure
10.1.6 Innovation and Development of Financial Technologies
10.1.7 Two-Way Opening-Up of Financial Market
10.2 Main Problems in Financial Reform and Development
10.2.1 The Imbalanced and Inadequate Development of Capital Market Remains an Outstanding Problem
10.2.2 Regulatory System of Comprehensive Operation Needs to Be Established and Improved
10.2.3 Division of Central and Local Financial Regulatory Responsibilities and the Definition of Risk Disposal Responsibilities Need to Be Clarified
10.2.4 Unbalanced Financial Innovation and Supervision
10.2.5 Insufficient Financial Consumer Protection Mechanism
10.3 Policy Suggestions on Further Deepening Financial Reform
10.3.1 Accelerating Modernization of the Financial Governance System and Capacity
10.3.2 Improving Basic Systems of the Capital Market
10.3.3 Enhancing the International Competitiveness of the Financial Industry Based on Breakthroughs in Financial Technologies
10.3.4 Building a Policy System to Deal with External Risks
References
11 Industrial Policy and Competition Policy for Deepening the Process of Industrialization
11.1 Achievements and Problems of China’s Industrialization
11.1.1 Great Achievements of China's Industrialization
11.1.2 Main Problems of China’s Industrialization
11.2 Major Challenges and Strategic Choices of Deepening Industrialization
11.2.1 Challenge of the “Deindustrialization” Trend
11.2.2 Challenge of “Great Changes” in the World
11.2.3 Challenge of the “New Industrial Revolution”
11.2.4 From High-Speed Industrialization to High-Quality Industrialization
11.3 Industrial Policy and Competition Policy for Deepening Industrialization
11.3.1 Boundary Between Industrial Policy and Competition Policy and Its Choice
11.3.2 Implementation Principles and Transformation of China’s Industrial Policies in the Future
11.3.3 Establishment of the Fundamental Status of Competition Policy
11.4 Policy Suggestions for High-Quality Development of the Manufacturing Industry
11.4.1 Strengthening the Planning and Deployment of High-Quality Development of Manufacturing Industry
11.4.2 Increasing Efforts to Improve the Modern Manufacturing Innovation System
11.4.3 Advancing Strong Industrial Foundation and Reengineering Protects
12 Mid-to-Long-Term Trends and Optimization Policy of the Ownership Composition
12.1 Institutional Basis for the Evolution of Ownership Composition
12.2 Status Quo and Problems of the Ownership Composition
12.2.1 Overall Situation of the Ownership Composition
12.2.2 Development of State-Owned Economy and Existing Problems
12.2.3 Development of Non-public Economy and its Problems
12.3 Basic Trends on the Changes of Ownership Composition in the Future
12.3.1 Basically Stable Mixed-Ownership Composition at Macro Level
12.3.2 Fast Fusion of the Mixed-Ownership Composition at the Micro Level
12.4 Major Policy Ideas for Perfecting Ownership Composition
12.4.1 Improving the Market Policy System
12.4.2 Deepening the Reform of State-Owned Enterprises
12.4.3 Supporting Development of the Non-public Sector
References
13 Research on the Strategy and Policy of Constructing a New Open System at a Higher Level
13.1 New Trends Facing China’s Mid-to-Long-Term Opening up to the Outside World
13.1.1 Phased Adjustment of Globalization May Accelerate and the Competition of Benefit Distribution Will Become More Intense
13.1.2 China Remains in an Important Period of Strategic Opportunities as it is Faced with Blockade and Containment by the United States and Other Western Countries
13.1.3 China’s Status as a Developing Country to be Increasingly Questioned
13.1.4 More Arduous Task to Ensure Security in Opening Wider
13.2 New Strategies for Opening Wider in the Medium and Long Term
13.3 Policy Suggestions for Building a Higher-Standard New System for Opening and Win–Win Cooperation
13.3.1 Constantly Optimizing the Layout of Opening up to the Outside World
13.3.2 Accelerating the Building of a Strong Trading Country
13.3.3 Opening Wider the Service Sector to the Outside World
13.3.4 Improving the Quality of Foreign Capital Utilization
13.3.5 Supporting Chinese Enterprises to “Go Global” and Participate in the Reconstruction of the Global Industrial Chain
13.3.6 Steadily Promoting Financial Openness
13.3.7 Deepening the Building of the Belt and Road and Promoting Institutionalization of the “Belt and Road” Initiative
13.3.8 Resolutely Safeguarding National Economic Security
13.3.9 Taking Active Part in the Reform of Global Governance System
13.3.10 Undertaking International Responsibilities and Obligations More Effectively
References
14 Research on Future Mid-to-Long-Term New Technologies, Digital Economy Development and Innovation-Driven Development Strategy and Major Policies
14.1 Research on the Innovation-Driven Development Strategy in the Mid-to-Long Term
14.1.1 Progress and Effectiveness of the Implementation of the Innovation-Driven Development Strategy During the 13th Five-Year Plan Period
14.1.2 Outstanding Problems and Causes of Innovation-Driven Development During the 13th Five-Year Plan Period
14.1.3 Opportunities and Challenges Faced by Innovation-Driven Development in the Medium and Long Term
14.1.4 Strategic Goals of Medium and Long-Term Innovation-Driven Development in the Future
14.1.5 Strategic Goals of Innovation-Driven Development in the Near Future
14.1.6 Key Tasks for the Implementation of the Future Medium and Long-Term Innovation-Driven Development Strategy
14.1.7 Major Policy Recommendations for Medium and Long-Term Innovation-Driven Development in the Future
14.2 Research on Major Policies for Mid-to-Long-Term Development of New Technologies and Digital Economy
14.2.1 Characteristics of the Technological Layout and Leading Technology System of a Big Innovation Country Under the New Industrial Revolution
14.2.2 Prospect Analysis of Recent Commercialization of Emerging Cutting-Edge Technologies
14.2.3 New Generation Information Technology Supports the Development of the Digital Economy into a New Stage
14.2.4 Economic and Social Impact of Commercialization of Other Emerging Cutting-Edge Technologies
14.2.5 Countermeasures and Suggestions for Promoting the Development of Digital Economy and the Application of New Technologies
References
15 Enhancing Resilience, Maintaining Financial Stability and Innovating Macro Control in China as a Major Power
15.1 Enhancing the Resilience of China as a Major Power
15.1.1 Two Dimensions of “Resilience”
15.1.2 Characteristics of China’s Resilience
15.1.3 Enhancing China’s Resilience: Potentials and Challenges
15.1.4 Modernization of State Governance—The Key to Enhancing Institutional Resilience
15.2 Maintaining Financial Stability
15.2.1 Challenges Facing Financial Stability
15.2.2 Enhancing Financial Resilience and Maintaining Financial Stability
15.3 Macro Control Innovation
15.3.1 High-Quality Development Requires High-Quality Macro Control
15.3.2 An Important Measure for High-Quality Macro Control
15.3.3 Strengthening and Improving the CPC’s Centralized and Unified Leadership Over Macro Control
References
16 Studies on Urbanization and Regional Development Strategies and Policies
16.1 Strategies and Policies for Medium and Long-Term Urbanization
16.1.1 Main Achievements of China’s Urbanization During the 13th Five-Year Plan Period
16.1.2 Main Problems in the Current Urbanization Process of China
16.1.3 Forecasts of China’s Urbanization Level in 2025
16.1.4 Medium and Long-Term Strategies for Advancing Urbanization
16.1.5 Several Policy Suggestions on Advancing Urbanization
16.2 Strategies and Policies for Medium and Long-Term Regional Development
16.2.1 Achievements Made by China’s Regional Development in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period
16.2.2 MajorProblems Currently Facing China’s Regional Development
16.2.3 Overarching Approach for Promoting Coordinated Regional Development
16.2.4 Major Measures to Promote Coordinated Regional Development
References
17 Research on Strategies and Major Policies of Ecological Environment Protection and Climate Change Response
17.1 Achievements and Challenges of Ecological Civilization Construction
17.1.1 Significant Achievements Made in the Construction of Ecological Civilization
17.1.2 China’s Ecological Environment Protection and Response to Climate Change Are Facing a New Situation
17.1.3 Outstanding Challenges Faced by Ecological Environment Protection and Coping with Climate Change
17.2 Major Strategies for Ecological Environment Protection and Climate Change Response
17.2.1 Further Understand the Theory of “Gold and Silver Mountain” in the New Era and Focus on Improving Green Productivity
17.2.2 Thoroughly Implement the Concept of Harmonious Coexistence Between Man and Nature, Enhance the Awareness and Ability of Preventing Ecological Environmental Risks, and Ensure Ecological Security
17.2.3 Achieve High-Quality Economic Development, Improve the Quality of Air and Soil Environment, and Achieve the Peak of Carbon Emissions
17.2.4 The Advantages of Ecological Civilization System and Improvement of the Ability and Level of Ecological Environment Management
17.2.5 Focus on the Implementation of the “Green Mountain Defense War” in Rural Areas, and Realize the Overall Improvement of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment Quality
17.2.6 Sixth, Comprehensively Promote Lifestyle Changes, Advocate and Upgrade Green Consumption
17.2.7 Promote the Construction of Ecological Civilization in the River Basins, Regional Cooperative Protection, and Realize High-Quality Development and Green Prosperity
17.2.8 Hold High the Banner of Global Sustainable Development, and Enhance Our Ability and Level to Participate in and Lead Global Environmental Governance
17.3 Policy Suggestions for Promoting Ecological Environment Protection and Responding to Climate Change
17.3.1 An Economic Policy System to Strengthen Ecological Environmental Protection
17.3.2 Upgrade the Policy of Stimulating Green Consumption and Guide the Green Transformation of Economy and Society
17.3.3 Clarify the Zero Carbon-Oriented Policy and Lead the Global Climate Governance
17.3.4 Strengthen the Policy Support of “Green Mountain Defense War” in Rural Areas
17.3.5 Regional Policies for Ecological Environment Protection in the Key Functional Areas
17.3.6 Improve the Rule of Law Policy System and Improve the Efficiency of Ecological Civilization Governance
References
18 Research on the Medium and Long-Term Population Development and Aging
18.1 Evaluation of the Present Situation of Population Development
18.1.1 It is Difficult to Reach the Planned Target of the Total Population
18.1.2 The Declining Birthrate and the Aging Population Are Developing Rapidly
18.1.3 The Size of the Working-Age Population is Declining
18.1.4 The Scale of Women of Childbearing Age in Vigorous Growth Period is Rapidly Decreasing
18.1.5 The Planning Goal of Average Life Expectancy Can Be Achieved
18.1.6 The Sex Ratio at Birth Has Changed Significantly
18.1.7 The Planned Goal of Urbanization Rate Has Been Achieved
18.2 Medium and Long-Term Trends of Population Development
18.2.1 China’s Population Will Reach Peak Value
18.2.2 China Will Enter a Moderately Aging Society
18.2.3 The Size of the Working-Age Population Will Continue to Decline Substantially
18.2.4 The Population of Children Continues to Decrease
18.2.5 The Consequences of the Rising Sex Ratio at Birth Gradually Appear
18.3 Evaluation and Further Reform of Population Policy Adjustment
18.3.1 Adjustment and Evaluation of Birth Policy During the 13th Five-Year Plan Period
18.3.2 The Necessity and Feasibility of Implementing the Independent Birth Policy as Soon as Possible
18.3.3 Road Map for Population Policy Adjustment
18.4 Responding to the Aging of Population as a National Strategy
18.4.1 A Prominent Feature of China’s Current Aging Population
18.4.2 There is Still a Short Opportunity to Cope with the Aging of the Population
18.4.3 Actively Respond to the Aging of the Population from a Strategic Height
References
19 Research on Medium- and Long-Term Employment and Labor Market Development
19.1 Employment and the Development of Labor Market
19.1.1 The Employment Situation is Generally Stable
19.1.2 The Wage Level Continues to Increase
19.1.3 The Labor Market Structure has Changed Significantly
19.1.4 The Active Employment Policy System has Been Further Improved
19.1.5 Steadily Push Forward the System Reform Related to the Labor Market
19.2 Mid- and Long-Term Operation Trend of Labor Market
19.2.1 On the Whole, Labor Supply Is Still Tight
19.2.2 The Growth of Total Employment Slowed Down
19.2.3 Determine the Direction of Active Employment Policy According to the Nature of Unemployment
19.2.4 The Direction of Employment Structure Adjustment has Changed
19.3 Key Issues of Labor Market Reform and Development
19.3.1 Promote the Sustained Growth of Labor Productivity
19.3.2 Actively Respond to the Challenge of a New Round of Scientific and Technological Revolution
19.3.3 Continue to Reform and Improve the Basic System Related to the Labor Market
19.3.4 Pay Attention to the Realization of Active Employment Policy
19.4 Policy Suggestions for Medium and Long-Term Development of Labor Market
19.4.1 Adjust the Employment Planning Objectives and Steadily Push Forward the Extension of Retirement Age
19.4.2 Improving Labor Productivity Is the Core Goal of Labor Market Reform
19.4.3 Actively Respond to the Challenges of the New Round of Scientific and Technological Revolution and Improve Relevant Systems
19.4.4 Complete the Reform of Household Registration System
19.4.5 Make the Active Employment Policy Truly a “Priority” Policy
19.4.6 Extend Compulsory Education and Build a More Effective Human Capital Accumulation System
References
20 Research on Medium and Long-Term Income Distribution Pattern and Policy
20.1 Changes in Income Distribution Situation and Policies
20.1.1 The Share of Labor Remuneration Continues to Increase
20.1.2 The Relationship Between Initial Distribution and Redistribution
20.1.3 Third, the Income of Residents has Increased Steadily and the Distribution Pattern has Improved
20.1.4 Changes of Non-statistical Income and Its Influence on Residents’ Income Distribution
20.2 Medium- and Long-Term Problems of Income Distribution
20.2.1 The Wage Income of Low- and Middle-Income Residents Grows Slowly
20.2.2 The Virtual Economy Expands the Income Gap of Residents
20.2.3 The Income Distribution Effect of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
20.2.4 The Personal Income Tax System Needs to Be Improved
20.2.5 The High Leverage Ratio of the Resident Sector Is Not Conducive to Narrowing the Income Gap
20.3 Policy Suggestions for Medium- and Long-Term Income Distribution
20.3.1 Continue to Raise the Level of Labor Remuneration Reasonably
20.3.2 Promoting the Income Growth of Low- and Middle-Income Workers
20.3.3 Continue to Improve the Personal Income Tax System
20.3.4 Consolidate the Achievements of Tax Reduction and Fee Reduction, and Standardize Hidden Income
20.3.5 Strengthen the Construction of Social Security and Subsidy System, and Timely Adjust Poverty Standards
References
21 Research on Middle- and Long-Term Social Development Goals, Strategies and Policies
21.1 New Stage of Social Development
21.2 Long-Term Development Goals, Strategies and Policies of Social Structure
21.3 Long-Term Goals, Strategies and Policy Measures for Improving People’s Well-Being
21.4 Modernization of System and Capacity for Social Governance
References
22 Middle- and Long-Term Social Security Development Goals, Strategic Priorities and Reform Suggestions
22.1 Goals and Ideas of Social Security Reform
22.1.1 Development Situation and Missions
22.1.2 Medium- and Long-Term Development Objectives and Ideas of Social Security
22.2 Reform and Development of the Social Assistance System
22.2.1 Transformation and Upgrading of the Social Assistance System
22.2.2 Problems and Target Tasks of the Social Assistance System
22.3 Reform and Development of the Old-Age Security System
22.3.1 Main Problems with the Old-Age Security System
22.3.2 Goals and Tasks of the Reform and Development of the Old-Age Security System
22.4 Reform and Development of the Medical Security System
22.4.1 Main Problems of the Medical Security System
22.4.2 Goals and Tasks of Reform and Development of Medical Security System
22.5 Suggestions on Promoting Major Social Security Reforms
22.5.1 Establishing a Long-Term Social Security Mechanism for Mitigating Relative Poverty
22.5.2 Improving the Self-Balancing Mechanism of Social Insurance Fund
22.5.3 Nationwide Pooling of Basic Pension Funds
22.5.4 Accelerating the Establishment of a Multi-Tiered Old-Age Security System
22.5.5 Deepening Medical Reform and Improving the Medical Security System
22.5.6 Enhancing the Role of Unemployment Insurance in Promoting Employment
22.5.7 Constantly Improving Social Security Governance and Management System
22.6 Improving the Legal System for Social Security
References
23 Goals and Policy Research for Reform of the Public Service Financial Investment System
23.1 Estimate on the Total Amount of Government Expenditures on Improving People’s Well-Being and Its Benchmark Selection
23.1.1 Estimate on the Expanding Scale of People’s Livelihood Expenditures: Historical Trend Extrapolation and International Comparison
23.1.2 Benchmark Selection for Expanding Expenditures on People’s Livelihood: Population Flow and Urbanization Process
23.2 Optimizing the Financial Investment Structure According to the Goals of Government Expenditures on Improving People’s Livelihood
23.2.1 Balance Between Supply Side and Demand Side
23.2.2 Structural Imbalances in Fiscal Investment in areas with Different Administrative Levels are Not Conducive to Realizing the Equalization of Public Services
23.2.3 Providing Fiscal Subsidies to the Supply Side Does Not Fully Meet the “Public Good” and “Non-profit” Principle and Fails to Effectively Reduce the Economic Burdens of Urban and Rural Residents to Receive Public Services
23.3 Policy Suggestions on Promoting the Improvement of People’s Livelihood in the Middle and Long Term with the Public Finance Reform as the Starting Point
23.3.1 Structural Adjustment
23.3.2 Changing the Fiscal Input Mechanism
References
24 Middle- and Long-Term Goals and Strategies for Advancing the Rule of Law
24.1 Middle- and Long-Term Strategies for Advancing the Rule of Law and Key Policy Points
24.2 Contents and Characteristics of the Targets and Strategies for Advancing the Rule of Law from the 9th Five-Year Plan Period to the 13th Five-Year Plan Period
24.2.1 Objectives and Strategic Arrangements for Advancing the Rule of Law in the 9th Five-Year Plan (1995–2000)
24.2.2 Objectives and Strategic Arrangements for Advancing the Rule of Law in the 10th Five-Year Plan (2000–2005)
24.2.3 Objectives and Strategic Arrangements for Advancing the Rule of Law in the 11th Five-Year Plan (2005–2010) and the 12th Five-Year Plan (2010–2015)
24.2.4 Objectives and Strategic Arrangements for Advancing the Rule of Law in the 13th Five-Year Plan (2015–2020)
24.3 Implementation of Overall Goals and Strategies for Advancing the Rule of Law During the 13th Five-Year Plan Period and Issues of Great Concern
24.4 Work Priorities in Middle- and Long-Term Goals and Strategies for Advancing the Rule of Law
24.4.1 Major Objectives
24.4.2 Concrete Tasks
References
25 Medium- and Long-Term Goals, Strategies and Major Policies for Developing a Great Socialist Culture in China
25.1 Research on the Profound Significance and Guiding Ideology for Developing a Great Socialist Culture in China in the Middle and Long Term
25.1.1 Research on the Profound Significance for Developing a Great Socialist Culture in China in the Middle and Long Term
25.1.2 Research on the Guiding Ideology for Building a Great Culture in China
25.2 Opportunities and Challenges in the Middle and Long Term
25.2.1 Great Opportunities for Building a Culturally Strong Country
25.2.2 Major Challenges in the Middle and Long Term
25.3 Main Objectives in the Medium and Long Term
25.3.1 Firm Ideals and Convictions of Party Members and Officials
25.3.2 Promoting the Well-Rounded Development of All Our People and Raising Standards of Public Civility
25.3.3 Promoting the Prosperity of Cultural Undertakings
25.3.4 Gradually Improving Systems and Mechanisms that Put Social Benefits First While Pursuing Economic Returns
25.3.5 Promoting Vigorous Development of Literature and Arts
25.3.6 Stronger International Influence of Chinese Culture
25.4 Major Strategies and Policy Suggestions
25.4.1 Maintaining and Improving the Fundamental System Which Ensures that Marxism Guides All Our Ideological Work, and Holding Firmly the Leading Position and Ensuring We Have Our Say in the Realm of Ideology
25.4.2 Promoting the Prosperity of Cultural Undertakings
25.4.3 Further Accelerating the Development of Cultural Industries
25.4.4 Promoting Socialist Cultural and Ethical Progress
25.4.5 Continuously Promoting Chinese Culture to Go Global
References