The Future of Heritage Science and Technologies: Materials Science

Preface and Acknowledgements
Organization Committee
General Chairs
Organizing Committee
Honorary Chairs
Technical and Scientific Committee
Contents
Governance Methods for Cultural Heritage
1 Prioritization Methodology for Resilience Enhancement of Historic Areas Facing Climate Change-Related Hazards
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Prioritization Methodology Development
1.2.1 Survey Results for the Definition of the Relative Weight
1.3 Results of the Prioritization Methodology
1.4 Conclusion
References
2 Specific Risk Maps for Cultural Heritage Materials and Airborne Pollutants: An Open Data Approach to Risk-Based Management
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and Methods
2.2.1 Risk Definition
2.2.2 Dose-Response Functions and Relevant Parameters
2.2.3 Acceptable Rate of Deterioration
2.2.4 Case Study
2.2.5 Data Sets and Calculations
2.3 Results and Discussion
2.3.1 Risk-Pollutant and Risk-Climate Correlations in Italy with 2019 Data
2.3.2 Specific Risk Maps for Tuscany with 2019 Data
2.3.3 Variability of Specific Risk in Tuscany Along the Years
2.4 Conclusions
References
Methods and Instruments for the Conservation Diagnosis and Treatment
3 Satellite Radar Interferometry for Monitoring Historic Urban Fabric: Lucca and Florence Test Cities
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Test Cities: Lucca and Florence
3.2.1 Florence City
3.2.2 Lucca City
3.3 Materials and Methods
3.3.1 Methodological Procedure
3.3.2 Data on Test Cities
3.4 Analysis and Results
3.5 Discussion and Conclusions
References
4 The Risk of Heat Waves to Historic Urban Areas. A GIS-Based Model for Developing a Risk Assessment Methodology
4.1 Introduction and Objective
4.2 First Steps for a Risk Assessment Methodology
4.2.1 Framework and Methodological Approach
4.3 Key Performance Indicators
4.4 Categorization of Historic Urban Areas
4.5 The Case Study of Bilbao and Development of the GIS Model for the Characterization
4.5.1 Bilbao’s Old Quarters
4.5.2 Building a GIS Model for Bilbao
4.6 Conclusions
References
5 A Non-destructive Archaeometric Study of a Hellenistic Gold Jewel
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Methods
5.2.1 X-ray Microtomography
5.2.2 X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
5.2.3 Raman Spectroscopy
5.3 Results and Discussion
5.4 Conclusions
References
6 Use of a GIS-Based Solution for the Design of Preventive Conservation Plans in Heritage Constructions
6.1 Introduction
6.2 HeritageCare Approach
6.2.1 Current Methodologies
6.2.2 The HeritageCare Project
6.3 Architecture of the Application
6.3.1 Sources of Information Required for the Evaluation of Risks
6.3.2 Platform’s QGIS
6.3.3 Automatic Risk Calculation
6.4 Experimental Results
6.4.1 The Romanesque-Gothic Church of San Pedro
6.4.2 Preventive Conservation Plan for the Case Study
6.5 Conclusions
References
7 Moisture Condition Evaluation in a Sixteenth Century Building Using Non-destructive Techniques
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Case Study
7.2.1 Building Description
7.2.2 General Weather Specifications
7.3 Methodology
7.3.1 Visual Inspection
7.3.2 Environmental Conditions
7.3.3 Infrared Thermography (IRT)
7.3.4 Electrical Resistance Measuring (ERM)
7.4 Results and Discussion
7.4.1 Visual Inspection
7.4.2 Environmental Conditions
7.4.3 Infrared Thermography (IRT)
7.4.4 Electrical Resistance Measuring (ERM)
7.5 Conclusions
References
8 Spectroscopic Characterization of Sensitive Museum Plastic-Based Objects
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Experimental
8.2.1 Samples
8.2.2 Methods
8.3 Results and Discussion
8.3.1 SWIR Reflectance Spectroscopy
8.3.2 Raman Spectroscopy
8.3.3 Microfading Testing (MFT)
8.4 Conclusions
References
9 How Trustworthy Is an Adhesive? The Suitability of Adhesives for Use in Conservation of Fine Art
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Adhesives in Conservation of Fine Art
9.2 Materials and Methods
9.2.1 Sample Preparation and Aging Conditions
9.2.2 Experimental Methods and Data Collection
9.3 Results
9.3.1 FT-IR Spectra
9.4 Discussion
9.5 Conclusions
References
10 Restoration and Research of Ilya Repin’s Painting “Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on November 16, 1581” in State Tretyakov Gallery
10.1 Historical Background and the Events of 2018
10.1.1 History of the Painting
10.1.2 Condition of the Painting After the Attack in 2018
10.2 The Pre-restoration Research
10.2.1 Goals and Approaches
10.2.2 Examination Results
10.2.3 Discussion and Theories on Weak Adhesion Between Ground and Paint Layers
10.3 Further Conservation Procedures and Additional Applied Investigations
10.3.1 Relining and Sizing Layer Removal
10.3.2 Selection of Paint Layer Consolidation Materials and Applied Research for Comparison
10.3.3 Varnish Layer Examination and Thinning Procedures
10.4 Conclusions
References
11 Mapping Cadmium-Based Pigments Using Multispectral Imaging Techniques. A Case Study on Mrs. Ševa Ristić by Petar Dobrović
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Materials and Methods
11.2.1 Material
11.2.2 Methods
11.3 Result and Discussion
11.4 Conclusion
References
12 An investigation into the Decontamination of Biocide Polluted Museum Collections Using the Temperature and Humidity Controlled ICM Method
12.1 Introduction
12.2 State of Research to Date
12.3 Humidity-Regulated Warm Air Technology (ICM® Method)
12.4 Decontamination Procedure
12.4.1 Principle of Thermal Processes
12.4.2 ICM® process
12.5 Experimentation
12.5.1 Tested Materials
12.5.2 Analytical methods used to determine depletion rates
12.6 Results
12.6.1 Experiment I: Determination of the Depletion Rates
12.6.2 Experiment II: Determination of the Depletion Rates
12.6.3 Experiment V: Determination of the Depletion Rates
12.7 Summary
References
13 Structural and Diagnostic Investigations on Materials and Plasters of the Biblioteca Umanistica of the University of Florence
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Historical Background
13.2 Materials and Methods
13.2.1 In Situ Structural Investigations
13.2.2 Stratigraphic Investigations on Colored-Finishing Layers
13.3 Results and Discussion
13.3.1 In Situ Structural Investigations
13.3.2 Stratigraphic Investigations on Colored-Finishing Layers
13.4 Conclusions
References
14 Traditional or Innovative Systems for the Reproduction of Decorative Elements
14.1 Reproduction of Decorative Elements—A Case Study
14.1.1 Introduction
14.1.2 The Jerónimos Monastery and the Noble Staircase of the National Archeology Museum
14.1.3 The Intervention of Conservation and Restoration
14.2 The Reproduction of Decorative Stucco Elements
14.2.1 The Relieved Stucco Ceiling and the Need to Reproduce New Elements
14.2.2 Reproduction Techniques
14.3 Conclusion
References
Stone Material Assessment and Facades analysis
15 System Integration for Masonry Quality Assessment: A Complete Solution Applied to Sonic Velocity Test on Historic Buildings
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Methods
15.2.1 Sonic Velocity Test Methodology
15.2.2 Data Management System
15.3 Experimental Campaigns
15.3.1 Case Studies/Investigation Procedures
15.4 Results and Discussion
15.5 Conclusions
References
16 Characterization of XVI Century Wall Paint and Lime Mortar in the Façade of the Cathedral of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Main Façade of the Cathedral of Santo Domingo
16.3 Materials and Methods
16.3.1 Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM)
16.3.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Analysis X-ray (SEM/EDX)
16.3.3 X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
16.4 Results and Discussion
16.4.1 Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM)
16.4.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Analysis X-ray (SEM/EDX)
16.4.3 X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
16.5 Discussion
16.6 Conclusions
References
17 Laboratory and In Situ Control of Cleaning Techniques and Solutions Performed on Stone Façade of the Serbian National Theatre Building
17.1 Introduction and Brief History
17.2 Methods
17.2.1 In Situ Investigation and Measurements
17.2.2 Laboratory Investigation and Measurements
17.3 In Situ and Laboratory Stone Characterisation
17.4 Stone Cleaning and Protection
17.4.1 Selection of Cleaning Techniques/Laboratory Solutions
17.4.2 In Situ Cleaning Trials
17.4.3 Façade Stone Protection
17.5 Conclusion
References
18 Design of Compatible Mortars for a Late Roman Tomb in Serbia
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Materials and Methods of the Research
18.2.1 Archaeological and Architectural Context of the Research
18.2.2 Characterisation of Historical Mortars from the Tomb
18.2.3 Design of Conservation Mortars for the Tomb
18.3 Results and Discussion
18.3.1 Characteristics of Historical Mortars
18.3.2 Compatible Conservation Mortars
18.4 Conclusions
References
19 Development of a New Cleaning Product for Heavy Metals Containing Facades
19.1 Introduction
19.2 “Clean Galena”—A Special Cleaning Process
19.2.1 Significance of Metal Ions in Connection with Cleaning
19.2.2 Composition and Mode of Action
19.2.3 Possible Side Effects
19.3 Individualisation of the Cleaning Effect on the Object
19.4 Processing
19.4.1 The Procedure in Detail
19.4.2 Disposal
19.5 Projects
19.5.1 Hotel de Rohan, Paris
19.5.2 Musée du Louvre, Paris
19.5.3 Musée Carnavalet, Paris
19.6 Conclusions
References
20 IRT Survey of Historic Building Façades for Focusing the Diagnostic Analysis
20.1 Introduction
20.1.1 Historical Background
20.2 Methods and Materials
20.2.1 IR Thermography Survey
20.2.2 Laboratory Analysis
20.2.3 Samples Description
20.3 Results and Discussions
20.3.1 Infrared Thermography
20.3.2 Chemical, Mineralogical, and Petrographic Characterization
20.4 Conclusions
References
Untitled
21 Walking Through Florence to Discover the Stone-Built Cultural Heritage
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Looking for the Differences Between the Pietra Serena and Pietraforte Sandstones
21.2.1 The Pietra Serena Sandstone
21.2.2 The Pietraforte Sandstone
21.3 Searching for Three-Colours Decorated Churches
21.3.1 Apuan Marble
21.3.2 Red Ammonitic Limestone
21.3.3 Red Marly Limestone
21.3.4 Serpentinite
21.4 Hunting for Little Used Polychrome Materials
21.4.1 Carystium Marble
21.4.2 Breccia Di Seravezza
21.4.3 Granite
References