"Zoo animals" as a population are a diverse array of species from all around the globe. When managed in captivity, it is important that key aspects of natural ecology are factored into animal care, as well as considerations relating to welfare, life history and behavioural needs. The Behavioural Biology of Zoo Animals is the first book on captive animal behaviour and how this applies to welfare.
The book enables all aspects of zoo husbandry and management (nutrition, enclosure design, handling and training, enrichment, population management) to be based on a sound knowledge of the species, its evolutionary history and its natural history. Chapters from expert authors cover a vast range of taxa, from primates and elephants to marine mammals and freshwater fish, to reptiles, birds and invertebrates. A final part looks to the future, considering animal health and wellbeing, the visitor experience and future visions for zoos and aquariums.
For on-the-ground practitioners as well as students of zoo biology, animal science and welfare, this book provides an explanation of key areas of behavioural biology that are important to fulfilling the aims of the modern zoo (conservation, education, research and recreation). It explains how evidence from the wild can be implemented into captive care to support the wider aims of the zoo, shedding light on the evidence-based approaches applied to zoo biology and animal management.
Author(s): Paul Rose
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 367
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
Editor
Contributors
Part I: Setting the scene
Chapter 1: Introduction to the behavioural biology of the zoo
1.1 Introduction to the behavioural biology of the zoo
1.2 What is behavioural biology?
1.2.1 Learning from the past and developing the future
1.3 Why the wild is important
1.4 Applying behavioural biology to the zoo
1.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 2: Behavioural biology in animal collection planning and conservation
2.1 Introduction to animal collection planning
2.2 The regional and institutional collection plan
2.3 Knowledge of behavioural biology is essential in animal collection planning
2.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 3: Behavioural biology, conservation genomics, and population viability (Open Access)
3.1 Why consider population viability in a behavioural biology textbook?
3.2 Understanding the impacts of captivity on genomic diversity
3.3 Metrics of viability in captive populations
3.4 Future considerations in the viability of captive populations
3.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 4: Behavioural biology, applied zoo science, and research
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Behavioural research at the zoo: animal welfare
4.3 Behavioural research at the zoo: ex-situ conservation breeding
4.4 Behavioural research at the zoo: in-situ conservation
4.5 Behavioural research at the zoo: visitor experience, engagement & education
4.6 Conclusions and future avenues for zoo-based behavioural research
References
Chapter 5: Behavioural biology methods and data collection in the zoo
5.1 Designing behavioural studies in the zoo
5.1.1 Getting started
5.1.2 Selecting methods
5.1.3 Ethical approval
5.2 Collecting behavioural data
5.3 Analysing behavioural data
5.3.1 Statistical tests
5.3.2 R
5.4 Conclusion
References
Part II: Selected taxonomic accounts
Chapter 6: The behavioural biology of primates
6.1 Introduction to primate behavioural biology
6.2 Primate ecology and natural history relevant to the zoo
6.2.1 Big brains
6.2.2 Social complexity
6.2.3 Extended life histories
6.2.4 Foraging complexity
6.2.5 Visual dominance
6.2.6 Hands and feet
6.3 Enclosure considerations based on behavioural evidence
6.4 Behavioural ecology and primate welfare
6.5 Species-specific enrichment for primates
6.6 A note on primate conservation
6.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: The behavioural biology of ungulates and elephants
7.1 Introduction to ungulate and elephant behavioural ecology
7.2 Ungulate and elephant ecology, and natural history relevant to the zoo
7.3 Enclosure considerations for ungulates and elephants based on behavioural evidence
7.4 Ungulate and elephant behavioural biology and welfare
7.5 Species-specific enrichment for ungulates and elephants
7.6 Using behavioural biology to advance ungulate and elephant care
7.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: The behavioural biology of carnivores
8.1 Introduction to carnivore behavioural biology
8.2 The application of carnivore ecology and natural history to zoo management
8.2.1 Social interactions
8.2.2 Nutrition and diet
8.2.3 Feeding frequency
8.3 Enclosure considerations based on behavioural evidence
8.4 Behavioural biology and carnivore welfare
8.5 Species-specific enrichment
8.6 Use of behavioural biology to advance care
8.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: The behavioural biology of marine mammals
9.1 Introduction to marine mammals
9.2 Marine mammal ecology and natural history relevant to the zoo
9.3 Enclosure conditions for marine mammals
9.3.1 Environmental complexity
9.3.2 Housing and pool design
9.3.3 Environmental conditions
9.3.4 Space use and proximity
9.3.5 Training areas
9.4 Behavioural biology and marine mammal welfare
9.4.1 Ecological relevance of ranging behaviour
9.4.2 Ecological relevance of foraging behaviour
9.5 Species-specific enrichment for marine mammals
9.5.1 Enrichment types
9.5.2 Training as enrichment
9.5.3 Enrichment considerations
9.6 Using behavioural biology to advance marine mammal care
9.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 10: The behavioural biology of marsupials and monotremes
10.1 Introduction to marsupial and monotreme behavioural biology
10.2 Marsupial and monotreme ecology and natural history relevant to the zoo
10.3 Enclosure considerations for marsupials and monotremes based on behavioural evidence
10.3.1 Nesting behaviours
10.3.2 Locomotion
10.3.3 Feeding behaviour
10.3.4 Social behaviour
10.3.5 Circadian rhythms
10.4 Behavioural biology to advance marsupial and monotreme welfare
10.4.1 Visitor effects
10.4.2 Seasonality
10.4.3 Breeding behaviours
10.4.4 Communication and cognition
10.5 Species-specific enrichment for marsupials and monotremes
10.6 Using behavioural biology to advance marsupial and monotreme care
10.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: The behavioural biology of flightless birds
11.1 Introduction to the behavioural biology of ratites and penguins
11.2 Ratite and penguin ecology and natural history relevant to the zoo
11.3 Ratite and penguin enclosure considerations based on behavioural evidence
11.4 Ratite and penguin behavioural biology and welfare
11.5 Ratite and penguin species-specific enrichment
11.6 Future directions in ratite and penguin behavioural biology
11.6.1 Further information
11.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: The behavioural biology of waterbirds
12.1 Introduction to waterbird behavioural biology
12.2 Waterbird ecology and natural history relevant to the zoo
12.3 Enclosure considerations for waterbirds based on behavioural evidence
12.4 Behavioural biology and waterbird welfare
12.5 Species-specific enrichment for waterbirds
12.6 Using behavioural biology to advance waterbird care
12.6.1 Further information to inform waterbird care
12.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: The behavioural biology of parrots
13.1 Introduction to parrot behavioural biology
13.2 Parrot ecology and natural history relevant to the zoo
13.3 Enclosure considerations for parrots based on behavioural evidence
13.4 Behavioural biology and parrot welfare
13.5 Species-specific enrichment for parrots
13.6 Using behavioural biology to advance parrot care
13.6.1 Further information to inform parrot care
13.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: The behavioural biology of hornbills, toucans, and kingfishers
14.1 Introduction to the behavioural biology of hornbills, toucans, and kingfishers
14.1.1 Kingfishers
14.1.2 Hornbills
14.1.3 Toucans
14.1.4 Common aspects of behavioural biology
14.2 Ecology and natural history relevant to the zoo
14.3 Enclosure considerations based on behavioural evidence
14.4 Behavioural biology and welfare
14.5 Species-specific enrichment
14.6 Using behavioural biology to advance care
14.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 15: The behavioural biology of passerines
15.1 Introduction to passerine behavioural biology
15.2 Passerine ecology and natural history relevant to the zoo
15.3 Behavioural biology and passerine welfare
15.4 Species-specific enrichment for passerines
15.5 Using behavioural biology to advance passerine care
15.5.1 Case study on Gouldian finch behaviour and husbandry
15.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: The behavioural biology of captive reptiles
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Reptile ecology and enclosure considerations
16.2.1 Historic misconceptions
16.2.2 The thermal environment
16.2.3 Light
16.3 Behavioural biology and reptile welfare
16.3.1 Enclosure size
16.3.2 Complexity and choice
16.4 Species-specific reptile enrichment
16.5 Using behavioural biology to advance reptile care
16.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: The behavioural biology of amphibians
17.1 Introduction to amphibian behavioural biology
17.2 Amphibian ecology and natural history relevant to the zoo
17.3 Enclosure considerations for amphibians based on behavioural evidence
17.4 Behavioural biology and amphibian welfare
17.5 Species-specific enrichment for amphibians
17.6 Using behavioural biology to advance amphibian care
17.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 18: The behavioural biology of freshwater fishes
18.1 Introduction to freshwater fish behavioural biology
18.2 Freshwater fish ecology and natural history relevant to the aquarium
18.2.1 Ecology
18.2.2 Diet and feeding behaviour
18.2.3 Social behaviour
18.2.4 Reproductive behaviour
18.3 Enclosure considerations for freshwater fishes
18.4 Freshwater fish behavioural biology and welfare
18.4.1 Feeding behaviour
18.4.2 Social behaviour
18.4.3 Activity
18.4.4 Abnormal behaviours
18.5 Species-specific enrichment for freshwater fishes
18.6 Using behavioural biology to advance freshwater fish care
18.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 19: The behavioural biology of marine fishes and sharks
19.1 Introduction to marine fish and shark behavioural biology
19.2 Ecology and natural history of marine fishes and sharks relevant to the zoo
19.3 Enclosure considerations for marine fishes and sharks based on behavioural evidence
19.4 Behavioural biology and welfare of marine fishes and sharks
19.5 Species-specific enrichment for marine fishes and sharks
19.6 Using behavioural biology to advance care of marine fishes and sharks
19.6.1 Further information to support the care of marine fishes and sharks
19.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 20: The behavioural biology of invertebrates
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Natural history of invertebrates
20.3 Feeding ecology
20.4 Mating systems and reproduction
20.5 Measuring invertebrate welfare
20.6 Behaviour
20.7 Enrichment
20.8 Exhibit design
20.9 Using behavioural biology to advance care
20.10 Conclusion
References
Part III: For the future
Chapter 21: Behavioural biology and zoo animal welfare:: For the future
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Converging scientific research and practice in animal welfare
21.2.1 Banishing the boring
21.3 Behavioural biology and welfare assessment
21.4 Assessing the awkward: How to move forward with welfare measurement for a diverse array of species?
21.4.1 Mammals still matter!
21.5 Further ways behavioural biology can enhance welfare
21.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 22: Behavioural biology and animal health and wellbeing
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Animal health and welfare assessments in zoos
22.3 External factors affecting the health of zoo animals
22.4 Taxonomic-specific health issues
22.4.1 Invertebrates
22.4.2 Fish
22.4.3 Amphibians
22.4.4 Reptiles
22.4.5 Birds
22.4.6 Mammals
22.5 Veterinary considerations for older animals
22.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 23: Behavioural biology and enhancing visitor education and experiences
23.1 Introduction to behavioural biology and enhancing visitor education and experiences
23.2 Equitable programme design
23.3 Interpreting existing behaviours
23.4 Specific behaviours
23.5 Native species
23.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 24: Behavioural biology and the zoo as a nature reserve
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Native species in the zoo
24.3 Encouraging wildlife in the zoo
24.4 Management of native species programmes
24.5 Monitoring and surveillance in the zoo
24.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 25: Behavioural biology for the evidence-based keeper
25.1 Zoo-keeping and behavioural biology
25.2 Behavioural biology and zoo animal diets as an example
25.3 Misconceptions, resources, and culture: Current barriers to evidence-based husbandry in zoos, and suggested solutions
25.4 Exporting and importing zoo behavioural biology to and from the field
25.5 Chapter summary
References
Chapter 26: Behavioural biology and the future zoo:: Overall conclusions
26.1 What to take home from this book?
26.2 A new model for zoo animal welfare?
26.2.1 The autonomous zoo animal
26.2.2 Measuring behaviour and measuring other factors too
26.3 The case for ecological evidence… ultimate ungulate questions
26.3.1 The arguments for behavioural biology – practical case studies
26.3.2 The way forwards
26.4 Behavioural biology… final thoughts
References
Index
