This volume provides comprehensive overviews of each terrestrial cetartiodactyl species’ biology including palaeontology, physiology, genetics, reproduction and development, ecology, habitat and diet. Their economic significance and management, as well as future challenges for research and conservation are also addressed. Each chapter includes a distribution map, a photograph of the animal and key literature. This authoritative volume of the Handbook of the Mammals of Europe is a timely and detailed compilation of all European terrestrial cetartiodactyls and will appeal to academics and students in mammal research, as well as to professionals dealing with mammal management, including control, use and conservation.
Author(s): Luca Corlatti, Frank E. Zachos
Series: Springer Reference. Handbook of the Mammals of Europe
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 531
City: Cham
Preface and Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Series Editors
About the Volume Editors
Contributors
1 Wild Boar Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758
Common Names
Taxonomy, Systematics and Paleontology
Current Distribution
Description
Physiology
Genetics
Chromosomes
Phylogeny and Phylogeography
Genetic Diversity and Structuring
Hybridization
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Survival
Habitat and Diet
Habitat Selection
Movement Ecology
Diet
Behavior
Social Behavior
Mating Behavior
Senses
Activity
Parasites and Diseases
Pathogens and Parasites
Epidemiology
Population Ecology
Population Dynamics
Anthropogenic Impacts
Population Trends
Conservation Status
Management
Introductions, Reintroductions, and Restocking
Impact, Conflicts with Humans, and Damage Control
Hunting and Hunting Regulation
Economic Value
Health Management
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
2 Reeves´ Muntjac Muntiacus reevesi (Ogilby, 1839)
Common Names
Taxonomy, Systematics and Paleontology
Current Distribution
Native Populations
Introduced Populations
Abundance
Description
Measurements
Skull
Dentition
Antlers
Scent Glands
Age Determination
Physiology
Genetics
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Survival
Habitat and Diet
Habitat Selection
Diet
Spatial Movements
Behavior
Social Organization
Foraging
Mating Behavior
Parental Care
Aggression
Senses and Communication
Scent Marking
Parasites and Diseases
Population Ecology
Competition
Predators
Conservation Status
Management
Impact on Conservation Habitats
Economic Value
Conflicts with Humans
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
Further Reading
3 Red Deer Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758
Common Names
Taxonomy and Systematics
Paleontology
Current Distribution
Description
General Appearance
Skull
Pelage
Glands
Antlers
Dentition and Age Determination
Measurements
Physiology
Genetics
Chromosomes
Phylogeography
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure
Hybridization
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Survival
Habitat and Diet
Habitat Selection
Movement and Space Use
Diet
Behavior
Social Behavior
Mating Behavior
Communication
Foraging Behavior and Activity Budget
Parasites and Diseases
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Infectious Diseases
Zoonoses
Population Ecology
Population Dynamics
Competition with Other Ungulates
Effects of Climate Change
Conservation Status
Management
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
4 Sika Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838
Common Names
Taxonomy, Systematics and Paleontology
Current Distribution
Description
Pelage
Moult
Measurements
Skull and Teeth
Antlers
Scent Glands
Physiology
Genetics
Chromosomes
Phylogeography
Genetic Diversity
Hybridization
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Survival
Habitat and Diet
Habitat
Diet
Behavior
Social Organization
Home Range
Activity
Senses and Communication
Reproductive Behavior
Parasites and Diseases
Population Ecology
Competition with Other Ungulates
Conservation Status
Management
Impact on Forestry, Agriculture, and Conservation Habitats
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
5 Common Fallow Deer Dama dama (Linnaeus, 1758)
Common Names
Taxonomy and Systematics
Paleontology
Current Distribution
Description
Size and Morphology
Pelage
Skull
Antlers
Dentition
Age Determination
Glands
Physiology
Genetics
Chromosomes
Phylogeny and Phylogeography
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure
Hybridization
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Survival
Habitat and Diet
Habitat Use
Home Range
Spatial Movements
Diet
Behavior
Foraging Behavior
Social Behavior
Mating Behavior
Mating System
Aggression
Parental Care
Senses and Communication
Parasites and Diseases
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Viral Diseases
Bacterial Diseases
Prion Diseases
Population Ecology
Population Dynamics
Effects of Climate Change
Competition with Other Ungulates
Conservation Status
Management
Introductions
Impact on Human Activities and Collisions
Farming
Hunting
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
6 Axis Deer Axis axis (Erxleben, 1777)
Common Names
Taxonomy, Systematics and Paleontology
Current Distribution
Description
Genetics
Life History
Habitat and Diet
Behavior
Parasites and Diseases
Population Ecology
Conservation Status
Management
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
7 European Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Common Names
Taxonomy, Systematics and Paleontology
Current Distribution
Description
General Appearance
Measurements
Pelage
Glands
Antlers
Dentition
Physiology
Genetics
Genetic Variability and Phylogeography
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Survival
Life History Strategy
Habitat and Diet
Movement and Space Use
Dispersal
Habitat Selection
Diet Selection
Behavior
Foraging Behavior and Activity
Social Behavior
Communication
Aggression
Mating Behavior
Parental Care
Individual Heterogeneity
Parasites and Diseases
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Infectious Diseases
Zoonoses
Population Ecology
Population Growth and Demographic Metrics
Relative Contribution of Demographic Rates
Factors Influencing Population Dynamics
Interspecific Interactions
Future Trends and Climate Change
Conservation Status
Management
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
8 Chinese Water Deer Hydropotes inermis Swinhoe, 1870
Common Names
Taxonomy, Systematics and Paleontology
Current Distribution
Description
Size and Morphology
Pelage
Dentition
Age Determination
Physiology
Genetics
Chromosomes
Genetic Diversity
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Survival
Habitat and Diet
Habitat Selection and Movement
Feeding
Behavior
Social Behavior
Mating Behavior
Communication
Activity and Foraging Behavior
Aggressive Behavior
Vigilance and Escape Behavior
Parasites and Diseases
Population Ecology
Density
Population Dynamics
Conservation Status
Management
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
9 Moose Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)
Common Names
Taxonomy, Systematics and Paleontology
Current Distribution
Description
Size and Morphology
Pelage
Dentition
Age Determination
Antlers
Physiology
Genetics
Chromosomes
Phylogeny and Phylogeography
Genetic Diversity
Genetic Structure
Hybridization
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Survival
Habitat and Diet
Spatial Movements
Habitat Selection
Diet
Behavior
Social Organization
Antipredatory Behavior
Activity
Senses and Communication
Reproductive Behavior
Response to Human Activity and Infrastructures
Parasites and Diseases
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Infectious Diseases
Zoonoses
Non-infectious Diseases
Population Ecology
Population Dynamics
Mortality Factors
Interspecific Interactions
Conservation Status
Management
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
10 Reindeer Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Common Names
Taxonomy and Systematics
Paleontology
Current Distribution
Description
Body Size
Antlers
Pelage
Skull
Scent Glands
Teeth
Hooves
Physiology
Genetics
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Survival
Habitat and Diet
Behavior
Social Behavior
Energy-Saving Behavior
Communication and Signals
Parental Care
Mating Behavior
Parasites and Diseases
Parasitic Infections and Diseases
Bacterial Infections and Diseases
Viral Infections and Diseases
Chronic Wasting Disease
Population Ecology
Population Dynamics
Intra- and Interspecific Interactions
Effects of Climate Change
Conservation Status
Management
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
11 White-Tailed Deer Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)
Common Names
Taxonomy, Systematics and Paleontology
Current Distribution
Description
Size and Morphology
Dentition and Age Determination
Antlers
Physiology
Genetics
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Survival
Habitat and Diet
Space Use
Daily Movement
Diet
Behavior
Mating Behavior
Grouping
Parental Care
Parasites and Diseases
Population Ecology
Conservation Status
Management
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
12 European Bison Bison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Common Names
Taxonomy, Systematics and Paleontology
Current Distribution
Description
Size and Morphology
Pelage
Head and Dentition
Physiology
Genetics
Chromosomes
Phylogeny and Phylogeography
Genetic Diversity
Hybridization
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Survival
Habitat and Diet
Habitat
Foraging and Diet
Home Range
Migration, Dispersal, and Range Expansion
Behavior
Group Size
Activity
Mating Behavior
Communication and Senses
Parasites and Diseases
Endoparasites
Infectious Diseases
Population Ecology
Population Dynamics
Competition with Other Ungulates
Conservation Status
Management
Impact on Agriculture and Forestry
Future Challenges for Research and Management
Conservation Planning
Science Needs
Adaptive Management
References
13 Muskox Ovibos moschatus (Zimmermann, 1780)
Common Names
Taxonomy, Systematics and Paleontology
Current Distribution
Description
Physiology
Genetics
Chromosomes
Genetic Diversity
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Survival
Habitat and Diet
Behavior
Herd Structure
Mating Behavior
Activity Patterns
Parasites and Diseases
Population Ecology
Conservation Status
Management
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
Further Reading
14 Northern Chamois Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus, 1758) and Southern Chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica Bonaparte, 1845
Common Names
Taxonomy and Systematics
Paleontology
Current Distribution
Northern Chamois Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus, 1758)
Description
Size and Morphology
Pelage
Dentition
Age and Sex Determination
Physiology
Genetics
Chromosomes
Phylogeny and Phylogeography
Genetic Diversity
Hybridization
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Survival
Habitat and Diet
Habitat Selection and Movement
Diet
Behavior
Social Behavior
Mating Behavior
Communication
Activity
Foraging Behavior
Parasites and Diseases
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Infectious Diseases
Zoonoses
Population Ecology
Population Dynamics
Competition with Other Ungulates
Effects of Climate Change
Conservation Status
Management
Future Challenges for Research and Management
Southern Chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica Bonaparte, 1845
Description
Size and Morphology
Pelage
Dentition
Age and Sex Determination
Physiology
Genetics
Chromosomes
Phylogeny and Phylogeography
Genetic Diversity
Hybridization
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Survival
Habitat and Diet
Habitat Selection and Movement
Diet
Behavior
Social Behavior
Mating Behavior
Activity
Foraging Behavior
Parasites and Diseases
Ectoparasites and Endoparasites
Infectious Diseases
Zoonoses
Population Ecology
Population Dynamics
Competition with Other Ungulates
Effects of Climate Change
Conservation Status
Management
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
15 Barbary Sheep Ammotragus lervia (Pallas, 1777)
Common Names
Taxonomy, Systematics and Paleontology
Current Distribution
Description
Size and morphology
Pelage
Dentition
Sex and age determination
Physiology
Genetics
Chromosomes
Phylogeny
Genetic diversity
Hybridization
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Survival
Habitat and Diet
Habitat selection and movement
Feeding
Behavior
Social behavior
Mating behavior
Activity
Parasites and Diseases
Parasites
Infectious diseases
Population Ecology
Population dynamics
Interspecific relationships
Effects of climate change
Conservation Status
Management
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
Further Reading
16 Alpine Ibex Capra ibex Linnaeus, 1758
Common Names
Taxonomy, Systematics and Paleontology
Current Distribution
Description
Size and Morphology
Pelage
Head and Dentition
Horns and Age Determination
Physiology
Genetics
Chromosomes
Reintroduction History and Its Consequence for Genetics
Genetic Diversity
Genetic Structure
Inbreeding
Hybridization
Conservation Genetics
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Survival
Habitat and Diet
Habitat Selection and Movement
Feeding
Behavior
Social Behavior
Mating Behavior
Communication
Activity
Antipredatory Strategy
Parental Care
Parasites and Diseases
Endoparasites
Infectious Diseases
Sarcoptic Mange
Respiratory Diseases
Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis
Brucellosis
Contagious Ecthyma
Population Ecology
Population Dynamics
Interspecific Interactions
Conservation Status
Management
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
17 Iberian Wild Goat Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838
Common Names
Taxonomy, Systematics and Paleontology
Current Distribution
Description
Pelage
Size and Morphology
Dentition
Physiology
Genetics
Chromosomes
Genetic Diversity
Hybridization
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Survival
Habitat and Diet
Habitat Use and Selection
Diet
Dietary Overlap with Other Ungulates
Behavior
Social Behavior
Activity
Mating Behavior
Parasites and Diseases
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Infectious Diseases
Neoplasia
Population Ecology
Population Dynamics
Intra- and Interspecific Competition
Global Change
Conservation Status
Management
Early Conservation and Outbreaks
Translocations and Escapes
Trophy Hunting
Overabundance
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
18 Caucasian Tur Capra caucasica Güldenstaedt et Pallas, 1783
Common Names
Taxonomy, Systematics and Paleontology
Current Distribution
Description
Size and Morphology
Pelage
Skull and Dentition
Dental Formula
Horns
Physiology
Genetics
Chromosomes
Genetic Diversity
Hybridization
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Sex and Age Structure, Survival
Habitat and Diet
Habitat Selection and Movement
Population Density
Feeding
Impact on Vegetation
Mineral Feeding
Behavior
Social Behavior
Mating Behavior
Agonistic Behavior
Activity
Feeding Behavior
Parental Care
Communication
Parasites and Diseases
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Population Ecology
Population Dynamics
Inter-specific Interactions
Natural Mortality and Impact of Predators
Effects of Climate Change
Conservation Status
Management
Habitat Management and Anthropogenic Threats
Introductions
Abundance Estimation
Conflicts with Humans
Economic Value
Hunting Laws and Regulations
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
19 Wild Goat Capra aegagrus Erxleben, 1777
Common Names
Taxonomy, Systematics and Paleontology
Current Distribution
Description
Morphology
Pelage and Age Determination in the Field
Mammae
Body Size and Mass
Dentition
Physiology
Genetics
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Population Structure and Survival
Habitat and Diet
Habitat Selection and Movement
Feeding
Behavior
Foraging Behavior and Activity
Mating Behavior
Social Behavior and Protection of the Newborns
Parasites and Diseases
Population Ecology
Population Dynamics and Density
Competition with other Ungulates
Effects of Climate Change
Conservation Status
Management
Counting Methods
Anthropogenic Impact
Natural Predators
Economic Value
Introductions
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
20 Mediterranean Feral Goat Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758
Common Names
Taxonomy, Systematics and Paleontology
Cretan and Aegean Feral Goats
Current Distribution
Description
Life History
Habitat and Diet
Behavior
Conservation Status
Management
Future Challenges for Research and Management
Majorcan Goat
Montecristo Goat
Eastern Atlantic Feral Goat
References
21 Mouflon Ovis gmelini Blyth, 1841
Common Names
Taxonomy and Systematics
Paleontology
Current Distribution
Description
Size and Morphology
Pelage
Age Determination
Physiology
Thermoregulation
Horn Growth and Reproductive Activity
Reproductive Physiology
Genetics
Chromosomes
Phylogeny and Phylogeography
Genetic Diversity
Hybridization
Population Genetics and Structuring
Life History
Growth
Reproduction
Survival
Habitat and Diet
Spatial Movements and Home Range
Habitat Selection and Activity Pattern
Feeding
Behavior
Social Behavior
Mating Behavior
Parasites and Diseases
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Infectious Diseases
Population Ecology
Population Dynamics
Competition with Other Ungulates
Effects of Climate Change
Conservation Status
Management
Future Challenges for Research and Management
References
Index
