Teach Yourself Electricity and Electronics

Cover
About the Authors
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Part 1 Direct Current
1 Background Physics
Atoms
Protons, Neutrons, and Atomic Numbers
Isotopes and Atomic Weights
Electrons
Ions
Compounds
Molecules
Conductors
Insulators
Resistors
Semiconductors
Current
Static Electricity
Electromotive Force (Voltage)
Non-Electrical Energy
Quiz
2 Electrical Units
The Volt
Current Flow
The Ampere
Resistance and the Ohm
Conductance and the Siemens
Power and the Watt
A Word about Notation
Energy and the Watt-Hour
Other Energy Units
Alternating Current and the Hertz
Rectification and Pulsating Direct Current
Stay Safe!
Magnetism
Magnetic Units
Quiz
3 Measuring Devices
Electromagnetic Deflection
Electrostatic Deflection
Thermal Heating
Ammeters
Voltmeters
Ohmmeters
Digital Multimeters
Frequency Counters
Other Meter Types
Quiz
4 Direct-Current Circuit Basics
Schematic Symbols
Circuit Simplification
Ohm’s Law
Current Calculations
Voltage Calculations
The Rule of Significant Figures
Resistance Calculations
Power Calculations
Resistances in Series
Resistances in Parallel
Division of Power
Resistances in Series-Parallel
Quiz
5 Direct-Current Circuit Analysis
Current through Series Resistances
Voltages across Series Resistances
Voltage across Parallel Resistances
Currents through Parallel Resistances
Power Distribution in Series Circuits
Power Distribution in Parallel Circuits
Kirchhoff’s First Law
Kirchhoff’s Second Law
Voltage Division
Quiz
6 Resistors
Purpose of the Resistor
Fixed Resistors
The Potentiometer
Resistor Specifications
Quiz
7 Cells and Batteries
Electrochemical Energy
“Grocery Store” Cells and Batteries
Lithium Batteries
Lead-Acid Batteries
Nickle Metal Hydride Cells and Batteries
Photovoltaic Cells and Batteries
Fuel Cells
Quiz
8 Magnetism
Geomagnetism
Magnetic Force
Magnetic Field Strength
Electromagnets
Magnetic Materials
Magnetic Machines
Quiz
Part 2 Alternating Current
9 Alternating-Current Basics
Definition of AC
Period and Frequency
The Sine Wave
Square Waves
Sawtooth Waves
Complex Waveforms
Frequency Spectrum
Fractions of a Cycle
Expressions of Amplitude
The Generator
Why AC and Not DC?
Quiz
10 Inductance
The Property of Inductance
The Unit of Inductance
Inductors in Series
Inductors in Parallel
Interaction among Inductors
Air-Core Coils
Ferromagnetic Cores
Transmission-Line Inductors
Quiz
11 Capacitance
The Property of Capacitance
Simple Capacitors
The Unit of Capacitance
Capacitors in Series
Capacitors in Parallel
Fixed Capacitors
Variable Capacitors
Capacitor Specifications
Interelectrode Capacitance
Equivalent Series Resistance
Quiz
12 Phase
Not More Math!
Instantaneous Values
Rate of Change
Circles and Vectors
Expressions of Phase Difference
Vector Diagrams of Relative Phase
Quiz
13 Inductive Reactance
Inductors and Direct Current
Inductors and Alternating Current
Reactance and Frequency
The RXL Quarter-Plane
Current Lags Voltage
How Much Lag?
Quiz
14 Capacitive Reactance
Capacitors and Direct Current
Capacitors and Alternating Current
Capacitive Reactance and Frequency
The RXC Quarter-Plane
Current Leads Voltage
How Much Lead?
Quiz
15 Impedance and Admittance
Imaginary Numbers Revisited
Complex Numbers Revisited (in Detail)
The RX Half-Plane
Conductance
Susceptance
Admittance
The GB Half-Plane
Quiz
16 Alternating-Current Circuit Analysis
Complex Impedances in Series
Series RLC Circuits
Complex Admittances in Parallel
Parallel RLC Circuits
Putting It All Together
Reducing Complicated RLC Circuits
Ohm’s Law for Alternating Current
Quiz
17 Alternating-Current Power and Resonance
Forms of Power
Power Parameters
Power Transmission
Resonance
Resonant Devices
Quiz
18 Transformers and Impedance Matching
Principle of the Transformer
Transformer Geometry
Power Transformers
Isolation and Impedance Matching
Radio-Frequency Transformers
Quiz
Part 3 Basic Electronics
19 Introduction to Semiconductors
The Semiconductor Revolution
Semiconductor Materials
Doping and Charge Carriers
The P-N Junction
Quiz
20 Diode Applications
Rectification
Detection
Frequency Multiplication
Signal Mixing
Switching
Voltage Regulation
Amplitude Limiting
Frequency Control
Oscillation and Amplification
Energy Emission
Photosensitive Diodes
Quiz
21 Bipolar Transistors
NPN versus PNP
Biasing
Amplification
Gain versus Frequency
Common-Emitter Configuration
Common-Base Configuration
Common-Collector Configuration
Quiz
22 Field-Effect Transistors
Principle of the JFET
Amplification
The MOSFET
Common-Source Configuration
Common-Gate Configuration
Common-Drain Configuration
Quiz
23 Integrated Circuits
Advantages of IC Technology
Limitations of IC Technology
Linear ICs
Digital ICs
Component Density
IC Memory
Quiz
24 Power Supplies
Power Transformers
Rectifier Diodes
Half-Wave Circuit
Full-Wave Center-Tap Circuit
Full-Wave Bridge Circuit
Power-Supply Smoothing
Voltage Regulation
Linear Voltage Regulator ICs
Switching Voltage Regulators
Switched-Mode Power Supplies (SMPS)
Equipment Protection
Quiz
25 Amplifiers
The Decibel Revisited
Basic Bipolar-Transistor Amplifier
Basic FET Amplifier
Amplifier Classes
Efficiency in Power Amplifiers
Drive and Overdrive
Audio Amplification
IC-Based Audio Amplifiers
Radio-Frequency Amplification
Quiz
26 Oscillators
Positive Feedback
Feedback at a Single Frequency
An Old-School Oscillator Circuit
The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
The Phase-Locked Loop
Integrated Circuit Oscillators and Timers
Direct Digital Synthesis
Oscillator Stability
Quiz
27 Wireless Transmitters and Receivers
Modulation
The Electromagnetic Field
Wave Propagation
Transmission Media
Receiver Fundamentals
Predetector Stages
Detectors
Postdetector Stages
Specialized Wireless Modes
Quiz
28 Digital Basics
Numeration Systems
Digital Logic
Binary Communications
Quiz
Part 4 Specialized Devices and Systems
29 Microcontrollers
Benefits
All Shapes and Sizes
General-Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) Pins
Digital Outputs
Digital Inputs
PWM Outputs
Analog Inputs
Dedicated Serial Hardware
An Example—The ATtiny44
Programming Languages
Programming a Microcontroller
Quiz
30 Arduino
The Arduino Uno/Genuino
Setting Up the Arduino IDE
Programming “Blink”
Programming Fundamentals
Setup and Loop
Variables and Constants
The Serial Monitor
Ifs
Iteration
Functions
Data Types
Interfacing with GPIO Pins
The Arduino C Library
Libraries
Special Purpose Arduinos
Shields
Quiz
31 Transducers and Sensors
Wave Transducers
Displacement Transducers
Detection and Measurement
Sonar
Quiz
32 Antennas for RF Communications
Radiation Resistance
Half-Wave Antennas
Quarter-Wave Verticals
Loops
Ground Systems
Gain and Directivity
Phased Arrays
Parasitic Arrays
Antennas for Ultra-High and Microwave Frequencies
Safety
Quiz
Schematic Symbols
Suggested Additional Reading
Index