TBM Design and Construction

Editorial Board of TBM Design and Construction
Editors-in-Chief
Associate Editors-in-Chief
Editorial Board Members
Translator
Prepared by
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Introduction of the First Author
1 Introduction
1.1 Concept and Classification of TBM
1.1.1 Concept
1.1.2 Classification
1.2 Origin and Development of TBM
1.2.1 Origin and Development in Countries Outside China
1.2.2 Development and Application of TBM in China
1.3 Characteristics of TBM Construction
1.3.1 Advantages
1.3.2 Disadvantage
1.3.3 Characteristics of TBM Construction Organization Design
1.3.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Types of TBMs
1.4 Typical Factors Restricting TBM Construction Performance
1.4.1 Drillability Limit
1.4.2 Unstable Excavation Face
1.4.3 Unstable Excavation Wall
1.4.4 Fault Zone
1.4.5 Squeezing Ground
2 TBM Principle and Structure
2.1 Overview
2.2 Gripper TBM
2.2.1 Kelly-Type Gripper TBM
2.2.2 Main Beam Gripper TBM
2.2.3 Gripper TBM Operating Principle
2.2.4 Scope of Application of Gripper TBM
2.3 Double-Shield TBM
2.3.1 Structural Features
2.3.2 Basic Configuration
2.3.3 Operating Principle
2.3.4 Application
2.3.5 Construction Features
2.4 Single-Shield TBM
2.4.1 Basic Configuration
2.4.2 Operating Principle
2.4.3 Structural Features
2.4.4 Application
2.5 Structure of Key Parts of Main Machine
2.5.1 Cutter Head
2.5.2 Main Drive
2.5.3 Support and Thrust System
2.5.4 Shield
2.5.5 Main Machine Accessories
2.6 TBM Back-Up Structure
2.6.1 Back-Up System Functions
2.6.2 Back-Up System Composition
2.6.3 Structure of Back-Up Jumbo
2.6.4 Main Back-Up Equipment and Layout
3 TBM Selection and Adaptability Design
3.1 Overview
3.2 TBM Selection
3.2.1 Basis and Principles
3.2.2 Selection Steps
3.2.3 Factors Affecting TBM Selection
3.2.4 Main Geological Scope of TBM Application
3.2.5 TBM Adaptability Analysis
3.3 TBM Adaptability Design
3.3.1 Advance Performance Requirements in Adaptability Design for TBM Selection
3.3.2 Adaptability Selection of Mucking Transportation and Feeding Equipment
3.3.3 Main Parameter Design of TBM
3.3.4 Matching Design Between TBM Systems
3.4 Method and Model of TBM Tunneling Adaptability Assessment
3.4.1 Adaptability and Assessment Method
3.4.2 TBM Adaptability Assessment Method
3.4.3 TBM Adaptability Assessment Indicator System
3.4.4 Determination of Membership Function of TBM Adaptability Assessment Indicator
3.4.5 Determination of Weight of Assessment Indicator
3.4.6 TBM Adaptability Assessment Method
3.4.7 TBM Tunneling Adaptability Assessment in Actual Project
3.5 Summary
4 TBM Cutter Head and Cutter Design
4.1 TBM Rock Breaking Mechanism
4.1.1 Study on Rock Breaking Mechanism of Disc Cutter
4.1.2 Influencing Factors of Rock Breaking by Disc Cutter
4.2 TBM Load Calculation
4.2.1 Calculation of Disc Cutter Load
4.2.2 Calculation of TBM Cutter Head Load
4.3 TBM Disc Cutter Arrangement
4.3.1 Arrangement Zones
4.3.2 Arrangement Principles
4.3.3 Determination of Disc Cutter Blade Spacing
4.3.4 Plane Arrangement of Disc Cutter
4.4 TBM Cutter Head Structure and Cutter Design
4.4.1 Cutter Head Structure Design
4.4.2 Cutter Structure Design and Materials
5 TBM Project Construction Organization
5.1 Analysis of TBM Construction System
5.1.1 Tunneling and Mucking System
5.1.2 Tunneling Support Operation System
5.1.3 Transportation System
5.1.4 Energy Supply and Labor Environment System
5.2 Organization of Major Construction Processes
5.2.1 Construction Organization
5.2.2 Construction Preparation
5.2.3 TBM Assembly
5.2.4 TBM Commissioning
5.2.5 Site Acceptance of TBM
5.2.6 TBM Stepping
5.2.7 TBM Tunneling
5.3 Quality and Safety Management
5.3.1 Quality Management
5.3.2 Safety Management
6 TBM Assembling and Tunneling
6.1 Transportation of TBM
6.2 Assembling and Commissioning of TBM
6.2.1 Preparation Before Assembly
6.2.2 TBM Site Assembly
6.2.3 Commissioning
6.3 TBM Tunneling
6.3.1 TBM Tunneling Procedures
6.3.2 TBM Tunneling Operations
6.3.3 Selection of Tunneling Operation Mode
6.3.4 Selection of Tunneling Parameters
6.3.5 Construction Labor Organization and Labor Allocation
6.3.6 Initial Support
7 TBM Construction in Special Stratum
7.1 TBM Construction in Soft Rock Strata
7.1.1 Characteristic Analysis of Soft Rock
7.1.2 Mechanism of Deformation Evolution of Soft Rock in Tunnel
7.1.3 TBM Construction Key Points in Soft Rock Strata
7.1.4 TBM Construction in Soft Rock Strata
7.2 TBM Construction in Hard Rock Strata
7.2.1 Criteria for the Classification of Hard Rocks
7.2.2 Analysis of the Effect of Hard Rock on TBM Tunneling Efficiency and Its Cause
7.2.3 Key Points of TBM Construction in Hard Surrounding Rocks
7.2.4 Example of TBM Construction in Hard Surrounding Rock
7.3 TBM Construction in the Strata with Water Inrush and Mud Gushing
7.3.1 Characteristics of the Section with Water Inrush and Mud Gushing
7.3.2 Danger of Water Inrush and Mud Gushing
7.3.3 Treatment Measures for Water Inrush and Mud Gushing Tunnel Section
7.3.4 Construction Example of Water Inrush and Mud Gushing
7.4 TBM Construction in Fault Fracture Zone
7.4.1 Impact of Fault Fracture Zone on TBM Construction
7.4.2 Construction Measures for Fault Fracture Zone
7.4.3 Construction Example of Fault Fracture Zone
7.5 TBM Construction in Tunnel Section with Karst Development
7.5.1 Mechanism of Karst Development
7.5.2 Classification of Tunnel Sections with Karst Development
7.5.3 Treatment Method for Tunnel Section with Karst Development
7.5.4 Construction Example of Karst Development Tunnel Section
8 Cutter Management in TBM Construction
8.1 Failure Mode of TBM Disc Cutter
8.1.1 Normal Wear of Disc Cutter
8.1.2 Abnormal Damage of Disc Cutter
8.2 Factors Affecting Wearing of TBM Disc Cutter
8.2.1 Geological Influencing Factors of Disc Cutter Wear
8.2.2 Mechanical Influencing Factor of Disc Cutter Wear
8.2.3 Geometrical Influencing Factors of Disc Cutter Wear
8.2.4 Material Influencing Factors of Disc Cutter Wear
8.2.5 Other Influencing Factors of Disc Cutter Wear
8.3 Prediction Model and Indoor Test of TBM Disc Cutter Wearing Theory
8.3.1 Prediction Model of Disc Cutter Wear Theory Based on Microscopic Wear Mechanism
8.3.2 Prediction Model of Disc Cutter Wear Theory Based on Macroscopic Wear Mechanism
8.3.3 Laboratory Test and Prediction Method of Disc Cutter Wear
8.4 TBM Cutter Management Process
8.4.1 Inspection and Replacement of TBM Cutter in Tunnel
8.4.2 Inspection and Maintenance of Disc Cutter Workshop
8.5 Analysis on Field Use of Disc Cutter
8.5.1 Overview of Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Water Diversion Project and Field Use of Cutters
8.5.2 Analysis of Wear Rule of Disc Cutter for Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Water Diversion Project
9 TBM Maintenance and Disassembly
9.1 Key Points of Standardized Operation of TBM Maintenance
9.1.1 Total Involvement
9.1.2 Strengthening Maintenance
9.1.3 Intensive Training and Assessment
9.1.4 Compliance with Regulations
9.1.5 Reasonable Maintenance Division and Optimized Maintenance Method
9.2 Daily Maintenance Content of Main Machine
9.2.1 System Maintenance of Main Machine
9.2.2 Maintenance of Key Components and Equipment of Main Machine
9.3 Maintenance and Repair of Back-Up System
9.3.1 Adding Lubrication Grease
9.3.2 Maintenance Process of Back-Up System
9.3.3 Maintenance of No. 2 and No. 3 Belt Conveyors
9.3.4 Material Truck Towing System Maintenance
9.3.5 Maintenance of Muck Unloader
9.3.6 Maintenance of Air Compressor
9.3.7 Maintenance of Shotcrete Bolt Equipment
9.3.8 Maintenance of Emergency Generator
9.3.9 Maintenance of Air Conditioner System
9.3.10 Maintenance of Dumper
9.4 Disassembling Preparation and Personnel Allocation
9.4.1 Disassembling Preparation
9.4.2 Personnel Allocation
9.5 Construction of Disassembly Tunnel
9.5.1 Function of Disassembly Tunnel
9.5.2 Structure and Section Size of Dismantling Tunnel
9.5.3 Construction of Disassembly Tunnel
9.5.4 Construction of Traveling Track Joist of Crane
9.6 Management of Technical Documents About Disassembly
9.6.1 Identification and Photographing of Mechanical, Electrical and Hydraulic Systems Before Disassembly
9.6.2 Archiving of Technical Data About Disassembly
9.6.3 Statistical Data About Disassembly
9.7 Disassembly in the Tunnel
9.7.1 Lifting and Transportation Equipment
9.7.2 Disassembly Scheme
9.7.3 Precautions for Disassembly
9.8 TBM Repair and Storage
9.8.1 Repair Items and Contents
9.8.2 Typical Part Trimming Process
9.8.3 Storage of Parts and Components After Disassembly and Repair
10 Risk Control in TBM Construction
10.1 Classification of TBM Construction Risks
10.2 Analysis of TBM Construction Risks
10.2.1 Construction Risks of Open-Type TBM
10.2.2 Construction Risks of Shield TBM
10.3 Adverse Ground Condition and Countermeasures in TBM Construction
10.3.1 Blocky Rock Problems and Countermeasures
10.3.2 Squeezing Ground Problems and Countermeasures
10.3.3 Problems of Ground with High Water Pressure and Countermeasures
10.4 Innovative Design in Respond to TBM Construction Risks
10.4.1 General Compact TBM
10.4.2 Double-Shield Multifunctional TBM
10.4.3 Dual Mode TBM
11 TBM Design and Construction Examples
11.1 Gripper TBM Project Examples
11.1.1 Tianshengqiao Hydropower Station Water Diversion Tunnel
11.1.2 Qinling Line I Railway Tunnel
11.1.3 Mogouling Tunnel
11.1.4 West Qinling Railway Tunnel
11.1.5 Zhongtianshan Railway Tunnel
11.1.6 Chongqing Rail Transit Line 6
11.1.7 Vereina Railway Tunnel, Switzerland
11.1.8 Gotthard-Basis Tunnel
11.1.9 Songhua River Water Diversion Tunnel
11.2 Double Shield TBM Project Cases
11.2.1 Headrace Tunnel of Datong River-Qinwangchuan Diversion Project
11.2.2 Shanxi Wanjiazhai Yellow River Diversion Project
11.2.3 Headrace Tunnel of Qinghai Datong River-Huangshui Diversion Project
11.2.4 Headrace Tunnel of Hongyan River-Shitou River Water Diversion Project
11.2.5 Taiwan Hsuehshan Tunnel
11.2.6 Headrace Tunnel of Lesotho Project
11.3 Engineering Case of Single Shield TBM
11.3.1 Headrace Tunnel of Yao River Water Diversion Project
11.3.2 Chongqing Rail Transit Line 5
Bibliography