The ever-increasing population and the associated anthropogenic activities have imparted an adverse impact on the environment, resulting in an escalating pollution crisis and forcing the advancement of sustainable, green, and eco-friendly technologies. There is an expanding and flourishing activity in environmental research, specifically focusing on environmentally responsive approaches to combat xenobiotics, pollutants, and emerging contaminants discharged into the environment due to various anthropogenic activities. Bioremediation is an approach that can facilitate sustainable practices to mitigate various environmental pollutants. Alternative eco-friendly technologies involving the utilization of various industrial and agricultural residues could be sourced as economically viable sources for harnessing various tools and value-added products during their appliances in environmental remediation.
This book focuses on the perception of the existing trends and recent developments in bioremediation and green technology usage in waste minimization, and pollution mitigation has been focused through research and review-type chapters. The encouraging conclusions of these research contributions could be incorporated for commercial-scale appliances on sustainable environmental solutions. This book appeals to scientists, academicians, and research scholars to gain inspiration and guidance for pursuing research on sustainable environmental applications.
Author(s): Aravind Jeyaseelan, Kamaraj Murugasen, Karthikeyan Sivashanmugam
Series: Environmental Science and Engineering
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 236
City: Cham
Contents
1 Catalytic Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol and Organic Dyes Using Silver and Platinum Nanoparticles Synthesized by Plant Extracts
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Materials and Methods
1.2.1 Catalytic Activity in the Sodium Borohydride Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol
1.2.2 Assessment of Catalytic Activity in Reduction of Typical Dyes
1.3 Results and Discussion
1.3.1 Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol
1.3.2 Assessment of Catalytic Activity in Reduction of Typical Organic Dyes
1.4 Conclusion
References
2 Biological and Eco-Friendly Cost-Effective Measure for Remediation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Bio-based Technologies
2.3 Phytoremediation—An Overview
2.3.1 Plant Roots in Phytoremediation
2.3.2 Adventitious Roots in Phytoremediation
2.3.3 Hairy Roots in Phytoremediation
2.3.4 Remediation with Microorganisms
2.4 Biochar Mediated Remediation
2.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
3 Performance of Lead (Pb) Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Tannery Waste Discharge Site
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Isolation of Screening of Bacterial Isolates from Tannery Effluent
3.2.2 Identification and Biochemical Characterization of Screened Bacterial Isolates
3.2.3 Growth Studies of Screened Bacterial Isolates
3.2.4 Determination of MIC
3.3 Results and Discussion
3.3.1 Isolation of Screening of Bacterial Isolates from Tannery Effluent
3.3.2 Identification and Biochemical Characterization of Screened Bacterial Isolates
3.4 Growth Studies of Saphylococcus Aureus
3.4.1 Effect of Temperature
3.4.2 Effect of pH
3.4.3 Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
3.5 Conclusion
References
4 Characterization of Chlorpyrifos Degrading Pseudomonas sp. Isolated from Contaminated Soil
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and Methods
4.2.1 Collection of Soil Samples
4.2.2 Isolation of Chlorpyrifos Degrading Bacteria
4.2.3 Identification of CP Degrading Bacteria
4.2.4 Enrichment Technique and Isolation
4.2.5 UV Spectrophotometric Analysis
4.2.6 GC-MS for Determination of Chlorpyrifos Intermediates
4.3 Results and Discussion
References
5 Studies on the Effects of Metribuzine on Phormidium and Chroococcus Species
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and Methods
5.2.1 Cultivation of Cyanobacteria
5.2.2 Herbicide Stock Solution
5.2.3 Herbicide Efficacy
5.2.4 Determination of Chlorophyll a
5.2.5 Carbohydrate Estimation
5.2.6 Protein Estimation
5.2.7 Amino Acid Deduction
5.2.8 Lipid Estimation
5.3 Results and Discussion
5.4 Conclusion
References
6 Emerging Methodologies for the Molecular Analysis of Soil Microbiota from Polluted Soil Sites
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Bioinformatic Analysis
6.3 Community Profiling Techniques and Limitations
6.4 Current Developments in Molecular Ecology of Soil Fungi Profiling
6.5 Popular Approaches
6.6 Isotopic Labeling
6.7 BrdU Labeling
6.8 The Potential of Microarrays in Soil
6.9 High-Throughput Sequencing
6.10 Conclusion
References
7 Biodecoloration of Synthetic Reactive Red and Reactive Black Dyes by Using Aspergillus niger and Pleurotus ostreatus
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Materials and Methods
7.2.1 Sample Collection
7.2.2 Isolation of Fungal Colonies from the Collected Effluent and Samples
7.2.3 Decolourization Studies
7.2.4 Decolorization Studies on the Isolated Fungal Colonies by Using Minimal Media
7.2.5 Optimization of Decolorization of the Synthetic Dyes by Fungal Strains
7.3 Results and Discussion
7.3.1 Isolation of Fungal Colonies from the Effluent and Soil Samples
7.3.2 Decolorization of the Synthetic Dyes Using the Selected Fungal Cultures
7.3.3 Optimization of the Decolorization Efficiency for the Selected Fungal Strains
7.3.4 Effect of Temperature on the Decolorization Efficiency
7.3.5 Effect of pH on the Decolorization Efficiency
7.3.6 Effect of C:N Ratio on the Decolorization Efficiency
7.4 Conclusion
References
8 Feasibility and Performance Evaluation of Mentha Aquatica in Treating Domestic Wastewater
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Materials and Method
8.2.1 Sample Collection
8.2.2 Wastewater Analysis
8.2.3 Determination of COD
8.2.4 Determination of BOD
8.2.5 Turbidity Determination
8.2.6 Phosphate Determination
8.2.7 Chlorine Determination
8.3 Results and Discussion
8.3.1 BOD and COD
8.3.2 Turbidity
8.3.3 pH Value
8.3.4 Removal Efficacy of Chlorides, Phosphorus and Nitrates
8.4 Conclusion
References
9 Screening of Bacterial Isolates from Coal Mining Region in Chhattisgarh
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Materials and Methods
9.2.1 Study Area
9.2.2 Sample Location Area
9.2.3 Sampling Site
9.2.4 Growth Media and Culture Conditions
9.3 Results and Discussion
9.3.1 Colony Forming Units (CFU)
9.3.2 Bacterial Isolation
9.3.3 Colony Morphology
9.3.4 Microscopic Examination
9.3.5 Biochemical Assay
9.3.6 16S rRNA Bacterial Sequencing
9.3.7 Phylogenetic Analysis
9.3.8 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
9.4 Conclusion
References
10 Analysis of Hedychium Flavum Waste Powder as a Potent Heavy Metal Adsorbent
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Materials and Methods
10.2.1 Materials
10.2.2 Adsorption Experiments
10.2.3 RSM-BBD Experiemntal Design
10.3 Results and Discussions
10.4 Conclusion
References
11 Impact of Acinetobacter Baumannii on Dye Degradation and a Molecular Analysis Study
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Materials and Methods
11.2.1 Material
11.2.2 Sample Collection and Isolation of Dye-Degrading Bacteria
11.2.3 16S rRNA Sequencing and Submission
11.2.4 Decolorization Studies
11.2.5 Immobilization of Potential Isolate
11.2.6 Optimization of Process Variables
11.3 Results and Discussion
11.3.1 Isolation of Potential Bacteria and Identification
11.3.2 Optimization Using Box-Behnken Design
11.3.3 Model Validation and Experimental Confirmation
11.4 Conclusion
References
12 Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Orange M2R Using Green Route Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Its Optimization Studies
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Materials and Methods
12.2.1 Photocatalytic Degradation Confirmation
12.2.2 Preliminary Experiment
12.2.3 Response Surface Methodology for Optimization
12.3 Results and Discussion
12.3.1 Confirmation of Photocatalytic Degradation
12.3.2 Evaluation of Process Parameters by OFAT
12.3.3 Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology
12.3.4 Mechanism of Photocatalytic Degradation by CuO NP`s
12.4 Conclusions
References
13 Vermicomposting—An Effective Method for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Impact
13.1 Introduction
13.2 What Is Vermicomposting?
13.3 Classification of Vermicomposting
13.4 Characteristics of Vermicompost
13.5 Sources of Organic Wastes for Vermicomposition
13.6 Role of Earthworms in Vermicomposting
13.7 Basic Environmental Requirements for Earthworms
13.8 Vermicomposting Process
13.9 Impact of Additives, Bulking Agents and Microbes
13.9.1 Effect of Vermicompost on Plant Growth and Development
13.9.2 Advances in Vermicomposting Technology
13.9.3 Small Scale Vermicomposting with Newer Technology
13.9.4 New Technologies for Large-Scale Composting
13.10 Summary
References
14 Remediation of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds and Organic Dye Pollutants Through Biosorbents in a Circular Bioeconomy: Prospects and Constraints
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Sources and Effects of EDCs and Organic Dyes in Water
14.3 Characterization and Use of Biomaterials for Organic Pollutant Removal
14.4 Adsorption of EDCs and Dyes Using Bio-based Materials
14.5 Transition to Circular Bioeconomy Through Bio-based Materials
14.6 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
15 Role of Non-metallic Fraction Recycled from Waste Printed Circuit Boards for Producing Sustainable Construction Products
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Objectives
15.2 Materials and Methods
15.2.1 Mixture Proportions for Mortar Mixes
15.2.2 Mixture Proportions for Fly-Ash Bricks
15.2.3 Mixture Proportions for Paver Blocks
15.2.4 Testing Procedures
15.2.5 Compressive Strength Testing
15.2.6 Water Absorption Testing
15.2.7 Microstructural Analysis
15.3 Result and Discussion
15.3.1 Compressive Strength Results—Mortar Samples
15.3.2 Compressive Strength—Fly Ash Bricks
15.3.3 Compressive Strength Results—Paver Blocks
15.3.4 Water Absorption Results—Fly Ash Bricks
15.3.5 Water Absorption—Paver Block
15.3.6 Microstructural Analysis—SEM
15.4 Conclusions
References
16 Bioconversion of Organic Waste for Solid Waste Management and Sustainable Agriculture—Emphasized Impact of Bioelectromagnetic Energy
16.1 Waste Generation Scenario
16.2 Factors Influencing Municipal Solid Waste Generation
16.3 Present Status of Waste Generation in India
16.3.1 Waste Generation and Disposal Status of Indian Cities
16.4 Problems Caused Due to MSW Mismanagement: Waste Decomposition in Open Dumpsites and Their Impacts
16.4.1 Effect on Health
16.4.2 Effect on the Environment
16.4.3 Effect on Soil
16.5 Municipal Solid Waste Management: Treatment and Practices for Municipal Solid Waste Management
16.5.1 Waste Reduction, Reuse and Recycling
16.5.2 Treatment and Disposal
16.6 Organic Solid Waste Management as Manure
16.7 Sustainable Agriculture and Organic Farming
16.7.1 Soil Tillage in Sustainable Agriculture
16.7.2 Cover Crops in Sustainable Agriculture
16.7.3 Composts and Animal Manures in Sustainable Agriculture
16.7.4 Crop Rotation in Sustainable Agriculture
16.8 Basics of Bioelectromagnetic Energy and its Practical Application
16.9 Potential of Yogic Farming and Related Research Work
16.9.1 Conclusion
References
17 Production of Sustainable Building Products Using Micronized Biomass Silica from Rice Husk
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 Objectives
17.2 Materials and Methods
17.2.1 Mixture Proportions for Mortar Mixes
17.2.2 Mixture Proportions for Flyash Bricks
17.2.3 Mixture Proportions for Paver Blocks
17.2.4 Testing Procedures
17.3 Result and Discussions
17.3.1 Compressive Strength Results—Mortar Samples
17.3.2 Compressive Strength Results−Fly Ash Bricks
17.3.3 Compressive Strength Results−Paver Blocks
17.3.4 Water Absorption Results—Fly Ash Bricks
17.3.5 Water Absorption—Paver Block
17.3.6 Micro-structural Analysis—Mortar Mix
17.4 Conclusions
References
