The past decade has witnessed dramatic developments in the fields of experimental and theoretical particle physics and cosmology. This fully updated second edition is a comprehensive introduction to these recent developments and brings this self-contained textbook right up to date. Brand new material for this edition includes the groundbreaking Higgs discovery, results of the WMAP and Planck experiments. Extensive discussion of theories of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking and a new chapter on the landscape, as well as a completely rewritten coda on future directions gives readers a modern perspective on this developing field. A focus on three principle areas: supersymmetry, string theory, and astrophysics and cosmology provide the structure for this book which will be of great interest to graduates and researchers in the fields of particle theory, string theory, astrophysics and cosmology. The book contains several problems, and password-protected solutions will be available to lecturers at www.cambridge.org/9781107048386.
Author(s): Michael Dine
Edition: 2
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Commentary: dcisneros <--- and? who? why?
Pages: 608
City: Cambridge, UK
Tags: Standard Model; Supersymmetry; Super-symmetry; General Relativity; String Models
Cover
Supersymmetry and String Theory: Beyond the Standard Model
Second edition: 9781009290883
Contents
Preface to the First Edition page
Preface to the Second Edition
A note on the choice of metric
Text website
Part 1. Effective field theory: the Standard Model, supersymmetry, unification
1 Before the Standard Model
Suggested reading
2 The Standard Model
2.1 Yang–Mills theory
2.2 Realizations of symmetry in quantum field theory
2.3 The quantization of Yang–Mills theories
2.4 The particles and fields of the Standard Model: gauge bosons and fermions
2.5 The particles and fields of the Standard Model: Higgs scalars and the complete Standard Model
2.6 The gauge boson masses
2.7 Quark and lepton masses
2.8 The Higgs field and its couplings
Suggested reading
Exercises
3 Phenomenology of the Standard Model
3.1 The weak interactions
3.2 Discovery of the Higgs
3.3 The quark and lepton mass matrices
3.4 The strong interactions
3.5 The renormalization group
3.6 Calculating the beta function
3.7 The strong interactions and dimensional transmutation
3.8 Confinement and lattice gauge theory
3.9 Strong interaction processes at high momentum transfer
Suggested reading
Exercises
4 The Standard Model as an effective field theory
4.1 Integrating out massive fields
4.2 Lepton and baryon number violation; neutrino mass
4.3 Challenges for the Standard Model
4.4 The naturalness principle
4.5 Summary: successes and limitations of the Standard Model
Suggested reading
5 Anomalies, instantons and the strong CP problem
5.1 The chiral anomaly
5.2 A two-dimensional detour
5.3 Real QCD
5.4 The strong CP problem
5.5 Possible solutions of the strong CP problem
Suggested reading
Exercises
6 Grand unification
6.1 Cancelation of anomalies
6.2 Renormalization of couplings
6.3 Breaking to SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1)
6.4 SU(2) × U(1) breaking
6.5 Charge quantization and magnetic monopoles
6.6 Proton decay
6.7 Other groups
Suggested reading
Exercises
7 Magnetic monopoles and solitons
7.1 Solitons in 1 + 1 dimensions
7.2 Solitons in 2 + 1 dimensions: strings or vortices
7.3 Magnetic monopoles
7.4 The BPS limit
7.5 Collective coordinates for the monopole solution
7.6 The Witten effect: the electric charge in the presence of θ
7.7 Electric–magnetic duality
Suggested reading
Exercises
8 Technicolor: a first attempt to explain hierarchies
8.1 QCD in a world without Higgs fields
8.2 Fermion masses: extended technicolor
8.3 The Higgs discovery and precision electroweak measurements
8.4 The Higgs as a Goldstone particle
Suggested reading
Exercises
Part 2. Supersymmetry
9 Supersymmetry
9.1 The supersymmetry algebra and its representations
9.2 Superspace
9.3 N = 1 Lagrangians
9.4 The supersymmetry currents
9.5 The ground state energy in globally supersymmetric theories
9.6 Some simple models
9.7 Non-renormalization theorems
9.8 Local supersymmetry: supergravity
Suggested reading
Exercises
10 A first look at supersymmetry breaking
10.1 Spontaneous supersymmetry breaking
10.2 The goldstino theorem
10.3 Loop corrections and the vacuum degeneracy
10.4 Explicit soft supersymmetry breaking
10.5 Supersymmetry breaking in supergravity models
Suggested reading
Exercises
11 The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
11.1 Soft supersymmetry breaking in the MSSM
11.2 SU(2) × U(1) breaking
11.3 Embedding the MSSM in supergravity
11.4 Radiative corrections to the Higgs mass limit
11.5 Fine tuning of the Higgs mass
11.6 Reducing the tuning: the NMSSM
11.7 Constraints on low-energy supersymmetry: direct searches and rare processes
Suggested reading
Exercises
12 Supersymmetric grand unification
12.1 A supersymmetric grand unified model
12.2 Coupling constant unification
12.3 Dimension-five operators and proton decay
Suggested reading
Exercises
13 Supersymmetric dynamics
13.1 Criteria for supersymmetry breaking: the Witten index
13.2 Gaugino condensation in pure gauge theories
13.3 Supersymmetric QCD
13.4 Nf < N: a non-perturbative superpotential
13.5 The superpotential in the case Nf < N − 1
13.6 Nf = N − 1: the instanton-generated superpotential
Suggested reading
Exercises
14 Dynamical supersymmetry breaking
14.1 Models of dynamical supersymmetry breaking
14.2 Metastable supersymmetry breaking
14.3 Particle physics and dynamical supersymmetry breaking
Suggested reading
Exercises
15 Theories with more than four conserved supercharges
15.1 N = 2 theories: exact moduli spaces
15.2 A still simpler theory: N = 4 Yang–Mills
15.3 A deeper understanding of the BPS condition
15.4 Seiberg–Witten theory
Suggested reading
Exercises
16 More supersymmetric dynamics
16.1 Conformally invariant field theories
16.2 More supersymmetric QCD
16.3 Nf = Nc
16.4 Nf > N + 1
16.5 Nf ≥ 3N/2
Suggested reading
Exercises
17 An introduction to general relativity
17.1 Tensors in general relativity
17.2 Curvature
17.3 The gravitational action
17.4 The Schwarzschild solution
17.5 Features of the Schwarzschild metric
17.6 Coupling spinors to gravity
Suggested reading
Exercises
18 Cosmology
18.1 The cosmological principle and the FRW universe
18.2 A history of the universe
Suggested reading
Exercises
19 Particle astrophysics and inflation
19.1 Inflation
19.2 The axion as the dark matter
19.3 The LSP as the dark matter
19.4 The moduli problem
19.5 Baryogenesis
19.6 Flat directions and baryogenesis
19.7 Supersymmetry breaking in the early universe
19.8 The fate of the condensate
19.9 Dark energy
Suggested reading
Exercises
Part 3. String theory
20 Introduction
20.1 The peculiar history of string theory
Suggested reading
21 The bosonic string
21.1 The light cone gauge in string theory
21.2 Closed strings
21.3 String interactions
21.4 Conformal invariance
21.5 Vertex operators and the S-matrix
21.6 The S-matrix versus the effective action
21.7 Loop amplitudes
Suggested reading
Exercises
22 The superstring
22.1 Open superstrings
22.2 Quantization in the Ramond sector: the appearance of space–time fermions
22.3 Type II theory
22.4 World-sheet supersymmetry
22.5 The spectra of the superstrings
22.6 Manifest space–time supersymmetry: the Green–Schwarz formalism
22.7 Vertex operators
Suggested reading
Exercises
23 The heterotic string
23.1 The O(32) theory
23.2 The E8 × E8 theory
23.3 Heterotic string interactions
23.4 A non-supersymmetric heterotic string theory
Suggested reading
Exercises
24 Effective actions in ten dimensions
24.1 Eleven-dimensional supergravity
24.2 The IIA and IIB supergravity theories
24.3 Ten-dimensional supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory
24.4 Coupling constants in string theory
Suggested reading
Exercise
25 Compactification of string theory I. Tori and orbifolds
25.1 Compactification in field theory: the Kaluza–Klein program
25.2 Closed strings on tori
25.3 Enhanced symmetries and T-duality
25.4 Strings in background fields
25.5 Bosonic formulation of the heterotic string
25.6 Orbifolds
25.7 Effective actions in four dimensions for orbifold models
25.8 Non-supersymmetric compactifications
Suggested reading
Exercises
26 Compactification of string theory II. Calabi–Yau compactifications
26.1 Mathematical preliminaries
26.2 Calabi–Yau spaces: constructions
26.3 The spectrum of Calabi–Yau compactifications
26.4 World-sheet description of Calabi–Yau compactification
26.5 An example: the quintic in CP 4
26.6 Calabi–Yau compactification of the heterotic string at weak coupling
Suggested reading
Exercises
27 Dynamics of string theory at weak coupling
27.1 Non-renormalization theorems
27.2 Fayet–Iliopoulos D terms
27.3 Gaugino condensation: breakdown of axion shift symmetries beyond perturbation theory
27.4 Obstacles to a weakly coupled string phenomenology
Suggested reading
28 Beyond weak coupling: non-perturbative string theory
28.1 Perturbative dualities
28.2 Strings at strong coupling: duality
28.3 D-branes
28.4 Branes from the T-duality of Type I strings
28.5 Strong–weak coupling dualities: equivalence of different string theories
28.6 Strong–weak coupling dualities: some evidence
28.7 Strongly coupled heterotic string
28.8 Non-perturbative formulations of string theory
Suggested reading
Exercises
29 Large and warped extra dimensions
29.1 Large extra dimensions: the ADD proposal
29.2 Warped spaces: the Randall–Sundrum proposal
Suggested reading
Exercise
30 The landscape: a challenge to the naturalness principle
30.1 The cosmological constant revisited
30.2 Candidates for an underlying landscape
30.3 The nature of physical law in a landscape
30.4 Physics beyond the Standard Model in a landscape
30.5 ’t Hooft’s naturalness priciple challenged
30.6 Small and medium size hierarchies: split supersymmetry
Suggested reading
31 Coda: Where are we heading?
31.1 The hierarchy or naturalness problem
31.2 Dark matter, the baryon asymmetry and dark energy
31.3 Inflationary cosmology
31.4 String theory and other approaches to foundational questions
Suggested reading
Part 4. Appendices
Appendix A: Two-component spinors
Appendix B: Goldstone’s theorem and the pi mesons
Exercises
Appendix C: Some practice with the path integral in field theory
C.1 Path integral review
C.2 Finite-temperature field theory
C.3 QCD at high temperatures
C.4 Weak interactions at high temperatures
C.5 Electroweak baryon number violation
Suggested reading
Exercises
Appendix D: The beta function in supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory
Suggested reading
Exercise
References
Index
