Sociolinguistic patterns

Front page
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
INTRODUCTION
1. The Social Motivation of a Sound Change
The Island of Martha's Vineyard
Selection of the Linguistic Variable
The History of Centralized Diphthongs
The Investigation of (ay) and (aw)
Scales of Measurement
The Linguistic Environment
Possible Explanations for a Rise in Centralization
The Interaction of Linguistic and Social Patterns
Centralization among Other Ethnic Groups
The Social Meaning of Centralization
The Intersection of Social and Linguistic Structures
Limitations of This Study
2. The Social Stratification of (r) in New York City Department Stores
The Method
Overall Stratification of (r)
The Effect of Other Independent Variables
Differentiation by Age of the Informants
Some Methodological Directions
3. The Isolation of Contextual Styles
The Five Phonological Variables
Contextual Styles
The Problem of Casual Speech
Channel Cues for Casual Speech
The Array of Stylistic Variation
The Structure of Stylistic Variation
4. The Reflection of Social Processes in Linguistic Structures
5. Hypercorrection by the Lower Middle Class as a Factor in Linguistic Change
Hypercorrect Behavior of the Lower Middle Class
Hypersensitivity of the Lower Middle Class in Subjective Reactions
Linguistic Insecurity of the Lower Middle Class
The Role of the Lower Middle Class in Linguistic Change
The Role of Hypercorrection in the Mechanism of Linguistic Change
6. Subjective Dimensions of a Linguistic Change in Progress
Appendix A
7. On the Mechanism of Linguistic Change
A Strategy for the Study of Linguistic Changes in Progress
The Observation of Sound Change
The Centralization of (aw) on Martha's Vineyard
The Raising of (oh) in New York City
The Mechanism of Sound Change
Conclusion
8. The Study of Language in Its Social Context
The Saussurian Approach to "Langue"
Problems in Dealing with Speech
Problems in the Study of Intuitions
The Object of Linguistic Description: "Dialect" and "Idiolect"
Problems in the Relation of Theory to Data
The Direct Study of the Linguistic Data
Resolution of Problems in the Study of Everyday Language
Sources for the Study of Language in its Social Context
1. Methodology
2. Resolving Problems of Linguistic Structure
3. Sociolinguistic Structure
The Role of Social Factors in Linguistic Change
4. Some Invariant Rules of Discourse Analysis
5. The State of Linguistics
9. The Social Setting of Linguistic Change
The Linguistic View of Language as a Social Fact
Three Substantive Questions on Linguistic Change
3. The Study of Sound Change in Progress: the Uniformitarian Principle
4. The Embedding of Linguistic Change in its Social Context
5. The Evaluation Problem: Subjective Reactions to Linguistic Change
6. The Actuation Problem
7. The Place of Social Variation in the Life History of a Linguistic Change
8. Doubts on the Level of Abstraction Affected by Social Factors
9. Is There An Adaptive Function to Linguistic Diversity?
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX