Social Media Images and Conflicts

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This collection considers how digital images and social media reconfigure the way conflicts are played out, represented and perceived around the globe.

Devoted to developing original theoretical frameworks and empirical insights, the volume addresses the role of user images and social media in relation to urgent subjects such as public opinion and emotion, solidarity, evidence and verification, censorship and fake news, which are all central to the ways current conflicts are represented and unfold. Essays include a unique range of case studies from different regional and political contexts (Middle East, Europe, Asia, North America) and in connection with different conflict types (war, terror, riots, everyday resistance, etc.). They also consider performative genres such as memes, selfies and appropriations as well as images conforming to the realism and authenticity of conventional photojournalism. In this way, the collection responds to the challenges of swiftly evolving image genres as well as to the continually shifting policies and algorithms of commercial digital platforms.

Together, the essays offer innovative theories and exemplary case studies as a resource for teaching and research in media, journalism and communication programmes. It is also relevant to students, teachers and researchers within sociology, political science, anthropology and related fields.

Author(s): Mette Mortensen, Ally McCrow-Young
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2022

Language: English
Pages: 150
City: London

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Tables
Contributors
Acknowledgements
Introduction: Social Media Images and Conflicts: Power, Proximity and Performativity
Actors, Images, Platforms
Proximity and Precarity in Taking, Sharing and Assessing Images
Mobilising Social Media Images: In Between Realism and Performativity
Infrastructural Dynamics: Platforms, Policies and Regulation
Conclusion: The Interplay of Actors, Images and Platforms
Bibliography
1 Relational Labour Or Digital Resistance: Social Media Practices of Non-Western Women Photographers
Digitalisation and Its Impacts On Photographic Labour
Relational Labour of Visual Journalists and Photographers
The Potential of Social Media to Offer Alternative Visual Expressions
Methodology
Social Media Content Analysis
Relational Labour of Women Photographers On Social Media
Photographers’ Perception of Social Media as Platforms for Alternative Visuals
Photographers’ Use of Instagram for Relational Labour and Providing Alternative Visuals
Image-Building Through Image-Sharing
Notes
Bibliography
2 The Unfolding of a Proxy Profession: Evidence, Verification and Human Dignity On Social Media
A Brief Overview of the Proxy Profession
How the Proxy Profession Navigates the Social Media Landscape
Evidentiary Standards
Investigative Protocols
Information Policy
How the Proxy Profession Responds to Broader Challenges to Human Dignity
Note
Bibliography
3 Incendiary Images: Visual Reportage of Syria’s Civil War
Targeting Truth
Digital Visibilities
Weaponizing Imagery
Conclusions
Bibliography
4 Social Media Icons: Evidence and Emotion
Social Media Icons
The Evidence and Emotion Framework
Social Media Icons as Evidence
Social Media Icons and Emotion
Social Media Icons of Children
Emotion Taken as Lack of Evidence: Omran Daqneesh (2016)
Iconic Actors Arguing Through Evidence and Emotion: Bana Alabed (2016–)
Conclusion: Patterns of Consent and Dissent
Notes
Bibliography
5 Embodied Protests On Social Media: The Visual Political Discourses of Vulnerability and Endurance in the Cases of “Hands Up, Don’t Shoot” and #IRunWithMaud
Protest Images and Publics
Embodiedness and Political Acts
Artifacts of Engagements
“Hands Up, Don’t Shoot” and “#IRunWithMaud”
Vulnerability
Endurance
Concluding Discussion
Notes
Bibliography
6 Image Censorship On Chinese Social Media: Image Deletion On Weibo During the 2014 Hong Kong Umbrella Movement
Internet Censorship in China: A Critical Review
Censoring Image Posts: Theories and Hypotheses
Methods
Case Selection
Data Collection and Analysis
Findings and Discussion
Hypothesis Testing
Theoretical and Pragmatical Implications
Conclusion and Further Studies
Funding Information
Acknowledgements
Bibliography
7 #PrayForAriana: Ritual Solidarity, Redirected Grief and Fan Commemoration On Instagram After the Manchester Arena Attack
Mediatised Mourning Rituals and Fan Participation
The Platform: Instagram
The Case: Manchester Arena
Methodology
Incongruent Images: Everyday Engagement Meets Violent Conflict
Branding the Black Ribbon?
Ritual Solidarity and Cross-Fandom Community
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
8 Seeing Images From Conflict Through Computer Vision: Technology, Epistemology and Humans
Technology: From Computer Vision to Violence in Images From Protests
Epistemology: Computers Seeing Images From Conflict
Humans: The People in Images From Conflict and in Computer Vision
Conclusion
Bibliography
Index