The recent years have been characterized by stormy social protests throughout the world. These protests have some commonalities, but at the same time, their sociopolitical, psychological, and economic contexts differ essentially. An important class of such protests is known as color revolutions. The analysis of these events in social and political literature is characterized by huge diversity of opinions. We remark that the sociopolitical perturbations under consideration are characterized by the cascade dynamics leading to the exponential amplification of coherent social actions. In quantum physics, such exponential and coherent amplification is the basic feature of laser’s functioning. (“Laser” is acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). In this book we explore the theory of laser to model aforementioned waves of social protests, from color revolutions to Brexit and Trump’s election. We call such social processes Stimulated Amplification of Social Actions (SASA), but to keep closer to the analogy with physics we merely operate with the term “social laser.”
Author(s): Andrei Khrennikov
Publisher: Jenny Stanford Publishing
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 279
City: Singapore
Front Cover
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1: Interplay of Psychology and Physics: Historical Overview
1.2: Quantum Brain
1.3: Quantum-Like Modeling of Cognition and Decision Making
1.3.1: From Probabilistic Foundations of Quantum Mechanics to Quantum-Like Modeling
1.3.2: Quantum-Like Models Outside Physics
1.4: Operational Formalism: Creation and Annihilation Operators
1.5: Social Laser as a Fruit of the Quantum Information Revolution
1.6: Bose–Einstein Statistics of Information Excitations
1.7: Powerful Information Flows as the Basic Condition of Social Laser Functioning
1.8: Resonators of Physical and Social Lasers
Chapter 2: Social Laser Model for Stimulated Amplification of Social Actions
2.1: What Can Be Expected from the Social Laser Model?
2.2: Color Revolutions
2.3: Democratic Social Protests
2.4: Social Energy Pumping
2.5: Quick Relaxation
2.6: Echo Chambers
2.7: Conflating Opposition Protests with Warfare
Chapter 3: Basics of Physical Lasing
3.1: Laser: History of Invention
3.2: Spontaneous and Stimulated Emission
3.3: Population Inversion
Chapter 4: Basics of Social Lasing
4.1: Social Energy
4.1.1: Energy of Social Atoms
4.1.2: Energy of the Quantum Information Field
4.2: Quantum Field Representation of the Information Flow Generated by Mass Media
4.3: Coloring Information Excitations
4.4: From Rough-Coloring to Indistinguishability
4.5: The Role of Emotions in Transition to the Indistinguishability Mode: Illustration by Military and Revolutionary Propaganda
4.6: Hidden Variables: Genuine Quantum versus Quantum-Like Models
4.7: Coloring Role: Pumping versus Emission
4.8: Comparing Stimulated Emission in Quantum Physics and the Bandwagon Effect in Psychology and Social Science
4.9: Social Lasing Schematically
Chapter 5: Information Thermodynamics
5.1: Thermodynamics from Combinatorics of State Distribution
5.2: Thermodynamics of Distinguishable Systems
5.3: Thermodynamics of Indistinguishable Systems
5.3.1: Social Temperature
5.3.2: Possible Statistics
Chapter 6: Thermodynamical Approach to Modeling Population Inversion for Social Laser
6.1: Einstein Coefficients and Balance Equation for Human Gain Medium Interacting with Information Field
6.2: Balance Equation for Steady State and Population Inversion
6.3: Information Laser: The Four-Level Model
6.3.1: Radiative versus Nonradiative Emission for Physical Atoms
6.3.2: Mental Analogues of Radiative and Nonradiative Emissions
6.3.3: Balance Equation for Steady State and Population Inversion
6.4: Concluding Remark
Chapter 7: Laser Resonator
7.1: Resonators of Physical Lasers
7.1.1: Spontaneous Initiation of Physical Lasing
7.1.2: Stimulated Initiation of Physical Lasing
7.2: Resonators of Social Lasers
7.2.1: Structure and Functioning of the Social Resonator
7.2.1.1: Output beam from the echo chamber
7.2.1.2: On a spatial picture of quantum physical processes
7.2.2: Stimulated Initiation of Social Lasing
7.2.3: Spontaneous Initiation of Social Lasing and Elimination of "Wrongly Colored'' Information Excitations
7.2.4: Energy Spectrum of the Output Beam: Physical versus Social Lasing
7.3: Dynamics of the Quantum Information Field in the Social Laser Resonator
7.3.1: Creation–Annihilation Algebras for s-Atoms and Quantum Information Field
7.3.2: Dynamics of the Compound System s-Atom Field
7.3.3: Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan–Lindblad Equation for the State of the Quantum Information Field
7.3.4: Social Interpretation of Assumptions for Derivation of Quantum Master Equation
7.3.5: Probabilistic Consequences of the Quantum Markov Dynamics
7.4: Concluding Remarks
Chapter 8: Correspondence between Notions and Parameters of the Theories of Physical and Social Lasers
8.1: Laser as a Quantum System
8.1.1: Bosonic and Fermionic Creation and Annihilation Operators in Laser Modeling
8.1.2: Semiclassical Modeling of the Dynamics of the Laser Photon Field
8.1.3: Characterization of the Coherence Properties of a Laser Beam with the Aid of Correlation Functions of the First and Second Order
8.1.4: Phase Noise
8.2: Laser as a Resonant Amplifier and a Generator: The Role of Positive Feedback
8.2.1: Cavity Quality Factor
8.2.2: Dynamics of Laser Beam Intensity
8.2.3: Laser Oscillation Conditions
8.2.4: Spontaneous Emission, Coherence, and Linewidth
8.3: Correspondence between Structures and Parameters of Physical Laser and Information (Social) Laser
8.3.1: Specification of the Basic Parameters of Physical Laser
8.3.2: General Correspondence between Information and Physical Laser
8.4: Laser Characteristics: Heuristic Pictures
8.4.1: Resonators
8.4.2: The Role of the Lasing Threshold
Chapter 9: Freudian Approach to Psychic Energy
9.1: On the Notion of Representation According to Freud
9.1.1: The Three Levels or Orders of a Representation: Introduction
9.1.2: On the First Representation Level or Order
9.1.3: On the Second and Third Representation Level or Order
Chapter 10: Introduction to Quantum Theory
10.1: Classical Probability Theory: Kolmogorov's Measure-Theoretic Axiomatics
10.2: Mathematical Structure of Quantum Theory
10.2.1: Complex Hilbert Space
10.2.2: Linear Operators
10.2.3: Representation of (Pure) States by Normalized Vectors
10.2.4: Representation of Mixed States by Density Operators
10.2.5: Hilbert Space of Square Integrable Functions
10.3: Postulates of Quantum Mechanics
10.3.1: Projection Postulate, von Neumann versus Lüders
10.4: Operator Quantization: From Functions on Classical Phase Space to Hermitian Operators
10.5: Two Basic Interpretations of a Quantum State
10.6: Conditional Probability in Quantum Formalism
10.7: Conditional Probability for Observables with a Nondegenerate Spectrum
10.7.1: Independence of the Initial State
10.7.2: Matrix of Transition Probabilities: Symmetric
10.7.3: Matrix of Transition Probabilities: Double Stochasticity
10.8: Interference of Probabilities for Incompatible Observables
10.9: Logic of Quantum Propositions
10.10: Tensor Product of Hilbert Spaces and Linear Operators
10.11: Ket and Bra Vectors: Dirac's Symbolism
10.12: Quantum Bit: Using State Superposition for Information Encoding
10.13: Entanglement of Pure and Mixed Quantum States
10.14: Two-Slit Experiment and Violation of the Classical Law of Total Probability
10.14.1: On the Possibility of Classical Probabilistic Description of Quantum Experiments
10.14.2: Interference of Wave Functions
Chapter 11: QBism: Subjective Probabilistic Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
11.1: QBism in Växjö
11.2: Quantum Theory as Subjective Probability Machinery
11.3: SIC-POVMs
11.4: Comparing QBism and the Växjö Interpretation
11.5: QBism Agents: Who Are You?
11.6: QBism versus Copenhagen
11.7: QBism versus the Information Interpretation of Zeilinger and Brukner
11.8: Interpretations of Classical Probability Theory
11.8.1: Kolmogorov's Interpretation of Probability
11.8.2: Subjective Interpretation of Probability
11.8.2.1: Subjective interpretation and mathematical representation of probabilities by measures
11.8.2.2: Subjective probability as the basis of classical physics?
11.9: QBism's Role in the Justification of Applications of Quantum Theory Outside of Physics
Chapter 12: Decision Making: Quantum-Like Model of Lottery Selection
12.1: Lottery Selection: Why Quantum Probability?
12.2: Classical versus Quantum (Subjective) Expected Utility
12.3: Quantum Formalization of Selection of Lotteries
12.3.1: Conventional Approach Based on Classical Probability
12.3.2: Belief-State Space
12.3.3: Transition Probabilities
12.4: Dynamical Origin of Phases
12.5: Belief State of a Decision Maker
12.6: Operator Representation of the Process of Comparison of Lotteries
12.7: Analysis of Operator-Based Comparison of Lotteries
12.8: Lotteries with Two Outcomes: Uniform Probability Distribution
12.9: Lotteries with Two Outcomes: General Case
12.10: Mathematical Calculations
12.11: Concluding Remarks
References
Index
