Smart Grids for Smart Cities, Volume 2

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Chapter 21 Smart Child Tracking System
21.1 Introduction
21.2 System Modeling
21.3 Hardware Design
21.4 Results and Discussion
21.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 22 Smart Vehicular Parking Systems for Open Parking Lots
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Description of Smart Parking System
22.3 Circuit Diagram
22.4 Block Diagram
22.5 Working Principle
22.6 Results and Inference
22.7 Conclusion
Future Scope
Bibliography
Chapter 23 Two Efficient Approaches to Building a Recommendation Engine for Movies Based on Collaborative Filtering on User Ratings
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Approach 1: Model-Based Collaborative Filtering
23.2.1 Implementation of Recommender System
23.3 Approach 2: Graph-Based Collaborative Filtering
23.3.1 Reasons for Choosing a Graph-Based Approach over Memory-Based
23.3.2 Implementation of the Recommendation System
23.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 24 Design and Construction of Unbiased Digital Dice
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Description
24.3 Circuit Diagram and Components
24.4 Working Principle
24.5 Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 25 Review on Utilizing E-Waste in Concrete
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Methodology
25.3 Composition of E-Waste
25.4 Process of Export
25.5 Impact of E-Waste on Environment and Human Health
25.5.1 Environmental Impact
25.5.2 Impact on Human Health
25.6 Techniques - 4R Approach
25.6.1 Reduce
25.6.2 Reuse
25.6.3 Recycle
25.6.4 Restore
25.7 E-Waste in Concrete
25.8 Strength Analysis
25.8.1 Compressive Strength
25.8.2 Tensile Strength
25.8.3 Flexural Strength
25.8.4 Workability
25.8.5 Specific Gravity
25.8.6 Water Absorption
25.8.7 Modulus of Elasticity
25.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 26 Smart Trash Can
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Literature Survey
26.3 The Proposed System
26.4 Hardware Design
26.4.1 Microcontroller Board
26.4.2 Bluetooth Module (HC-05)
26.4.3 Transmitter Section
26.4.4 Receiver Section
26.5 Design and Implementation of Software
26.6 Results
26.6.1 Arduino
26.6.2 Python
26.6.3 My SQL
26.6.4 Web Page
26.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 27 Voltage Fluctuation Control Analysis of Induction Motor Drives in Textile Mill Using Phasor Measurement Unit
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Existing System
27.3 Proposed System
27.4 Experimental Analysis
27.5 Experimental Results
27.6 Conclusion
Appendix
References
Chapter 28 Smart Cities and Buildings
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Components of Smart City
28.2.1 Public Transport
28.2.2 Road Traffic Management
28.2.3 Building – Safety & Security
28.2.4 Energy and Water Management
28.2.5 Waste Management
28.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 29 Minimizing the Roundness Variation in Automobile Brake Drum by Using Taguchi Technique
29.1 Introduction
29.1.1 Roundness
29.2 Methodology with Taguchi Technique for Minimum Roundness of Varies
29.2.1 Measurement of Out-of-Roundness
29.2.2 Orthogonal Arrays
29.2.3 Pareto ANOVA
29.3 Experimental Conditions
29.4 Control Factors and Levels
29.5 Selection of Array Size
29.6 Experimental Conditions and Calculations of S/N Ratio
29.7 Pareto Diagram for Out-of-Roundness
29.8 Response Table of Process Parameter
29.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 30 Analysis of Developments on Mechanical Properties on Aluminum Alloys: A Review
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Literature Review
30.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 31 Study of Electromagnetic Field in Induction Motor Using Ansys Maxwell
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Mathematical Modeling
31.3 Methodology
31.4 Simulation Result
31.4.1 Magneto Dynamic Analysis
31.4.2 Magneto Static Analysis
31.5 Limitations
31.6 Future Scope
31.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 32 A New Method of Sensor-Less Speed Vector Control of Asynchronous Motor Drive in Model-Reference Adaptive System
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Adaptive Control with Reference Model System (Stationary Frame)
32.3 Modelling of Asynchronous Motor Drive in Stationary Reference Frame
32.4 Simulation Diagram
32.5 Simulation Results
32.5.1 Speed Loop with Step Disturbance isq*
32.5.2 Step Response Signal
32.5.3 Speed Reversal in Step Signal
32.5.4 Ramp Response
32.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 33 LabVIEW-Based Speed-Sensorless Field-Oriented Control of Induction Motor Drive
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Induction Motor Model
33.3 Natural Observer
33.4 Simulation Results
33.5 Experimental Results and Discussions
33.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 34 IoT-Based Automatic Entry Check in COVID-19 Pandemic
34.1 Introduction
34.1.1 Background
34.2 Related Works
34.3 Objectives
34.4 Proposed Model
34.5 Implementation
34.5.1 Platforms Used
34.5.1.1 TinkerCAD
34.5.1.2 ThingSpeak
34.5.1.3 Python
34.5.2 Implementation
34.5.2.1 Temperature Sensing Module
34.5.2.2 Hand Sanitizing Module
34.5.2.3 Social Distance Checking Module
34.5.2.4 Mask Detection Module
34.6 Results and Discussion
34.7 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Chapter 35 Smart Power Strip for Household Power Outlet Control and Energy Conservation Using IoT
35.1 Introduction
35.2 Methodology
35.2.1 Functional Block Diagram with Hardware and Software Specifications
35.2.2 Working of the Proposed Smart Power Strip
35.2.3 Algorithm
35.3 Results and Discussion
35.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 36 Review of Solar Luminescence-Based OFID for Internet of Things Application
36.1 Introduction
36.2 OWC for IoT
36.2.1 Importance of Solar Cell
36.3 Optical Frequency Identification (OFID)
36.3.1 Modulation Techniques for OFID
36.3.1.1 Photoluminescence
36.3.1.2 Double Modulation
36.3.1.3 DC-DC Boost Converter Modulator
36.4 Prototype and Setup
36.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 37 IoT-Based Substation Monitoring and Controlling
37.1 Introduction
37.2 Block Diagram
37.2.1 Power Supply
37.2.2 Microcontroller
37.2.3 Wi-Fi Module
37.2.4 Voltage Sensor
37.2.5 Temperature Sensor
37.2.6 Current Sensor
37.2.7 Ultrasonic Sensor
37.2.8 Buzzer
37.2.9 16*2 LCD Display
37.2.10 Relay Module
37.2.11 GSM Module
37.2.12 Potential Transformer
37.3 Connection and Working
37.4 Result and Discussion
37.4.1 Result of Voltage Sensor
37.4.2 Result of Ultrasonic Sensor
37.4.3 Result of Current Sensor
37.4.4 Result of Temperature Sensor
37.5 Result of GSM Module
37.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 38 Agricultural Advancement Using IoT
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Proposed System
38.3 Sensor System
38.3.1 Soil Moisture Sensor
38.3.2 Humidity Sensor
38.3.3 PIR Sensor
38.3.4 LCD
38.3.5 Speaker
38.3.6 Relay
38.3.7 GSM
38.3.8 Rain Sensor
38.4 Methodology
38.4.1 Flow Chart & Algorithm
38.5 Hardware of the Proposed System
38.6 Results and Discussion
38.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 39 Smart Microgrid in Hospital Community to Enhance Public Health
39.1 Introduction
39.2 Hospital Struggling in Poor Backup Generation
39.3 Microgrid – The Future of Smart Grid and Reduce Power Shedding in Hospitals
39.3.1 Microgrid – Meaning
39.3.2 Basic Components in Microgrid
39.3.2.1 Storage Devices: Fast Response Devices
39.3.2.2 Energy Management Systems (EMS)
39.3.3 Distributed Energy Resources
39.3.4 Microgrid Operation
39.3.4.1 Grid Connected Mode
39.3.4.2 Islanded Mode
39.4 Necessity of Microgrid in Hospital Network
39.5 Smart Grid-Digital Technology in Electric Grid
39.5.1 Elements of Smart Grid
39.5.1.1 Smart Power Meter
39.5.1.2 Smart Generation
39.5.1.3 Smart Consumption
39.6 Big Data Analytics Reduces the Challenges in Microgrid
39.7 Case Study: Hospitals Poor Backup System Failures Causing Deaths in Recent Years
39.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 40 IoT-Based Smart Waste Management System
40.1 Introduction
40.2 Design of Smart Dustbins
40.3 Hardware Components
40.3.1 Ultrasonic Sensor
40.3.2 Ardunio Uno
40.3.3 Motor Driver L293D
40.3.4 IR Sensor
40.4 Working
40.4.1 Module 1: Garbage Level Monitoring
40.4.2 Module 2: Motion of Dustbin Towards the Container Line
40.5 Results and Discussion
40.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 41 Case Study: Smart City Prospects for Economic Growth and Policies for Land Use
41.1 Introduction
41.1.1 Methods: Study Areas
41.2 Data
41.3 Analysis
41.4 Results: Combined Model
41.4.1 Regional Models
41.4.2 Discussion: Regional-Level Policy
41.4.3 Public Land and Zoning
41.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 42 Case Study: International Policy Effectiveness and Conservation Way Towards Smart Cities
42.1 Policy Effectiveness in Conservation
42.2 Case Studies of Land Use Policy Effectiveness
42.3 Scenarios
42.3.1 Scenario 1: Greenish Growth (Increased Affluence, High Environmental Concern)
42.3.2 Scenario 2: Maximum Sprawl (Increased Affluence, Low Environmental Concern)
42.3.3 Scenario 3: Smart De-Growth (Decreased Affluence, High Environmental Concern)
42.3.4 Scenario 4: Stagnation (Decreased Affluence, Low Environmental Concern)
42.4 Scenario Interpretation
42.5 The Policy Processes
42.6 Conclusions
42.7 Epilogue
References
Chapter 43 CNTFET-Based Gas Sensor with a Novel and Safe Testing Chamber Design
43.1 Introduction
43.2 Novel Gas Chamber Design
43.3 CNTFET-Based Gas Sensor
43.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
About the Editors
Index
EULA