This book in its eighteen chapters provides sustainable and smart technology-based solutions to developing nations. Smart farming is growing in importance due to the increasing demand for higher crop yield, the need for using natural resources efficiently, the rising use and sophistication of information and communication technology and the increasing need for climate-smart agriculture. Some of these chapters deal with the applications of smart agriculture to address the special challenges of the Small Island Developing States for sustainable agriculture. The book brings together scientific communities from India, Indonesia, Iraq, Malaysia, Mauritius, Myanmar, Palestine, Sri Lanka and South Africa to share their expertise to make the farming system more connected and intelligent. The smart farming techniques shared in different chapters not only help to reduce the overall cost and improve the quality and quantity of products but altogether help improve the sustainability of agriculture in the developing world.‘Smart Farming’ is a management concept focused on providing the agricultural industry with the infrastructure to leverage advanced technologies―including artificial intelligence (AI), big data, robotics, drones and Internet of Things (IoT)―for tracking, monitoring, automating and analyzing operations. Sometimes known as precision agriculture, smart farming is software managed and sensor monitored.
Author(s): Kandiah Pakeerathan
Series: Advanced Technologies and Societal Change
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 263
City: Singapore
Foreword by Leela Devi Dookun-Luchoomun
Preface
Introduction by Amitava Bandopadhyay
Contents
1 Smart Agricultural Mechanization in India—Status and Way Forward
Introduction
Technologies for Smart Agriculture
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Agriculture
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
Modern Horticulture Farming Techniques
Operational Issues and Challenges
Future Strategies for Smart Agricultural Mechanization
Conclusions
References
2 Applications of Geospatial and Big Data Technologies in Smart Farming
Introduction
Geospatial Technologies and Their Components
Remote Sensing
Geographic Information System (GIS)
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Big Data and Its Components
Applications of Geospatial and Big Data Technologies in Smart Farming
Weather Monitoring
Terrain Analysis and Landforms Mapping
Digital Soil Mapping
Soil Moisture Monitoring
Automated Irrigation Systems
Crop Identification and Monitoring
Yield Monitoring and Mapping
Pest Monitoring and Surveillance
Variable-Rate Technology (VRT)
Geospatial and Big Data Technologies in Smart Farming—Challenges
Geospatial and Big Data Technologies in Smart Farming—Opportunities
A Way Forward
Conclusions
References
3 Applications of Drones in Smart Agriculture
Introduction
Definition and Types
Drone Hardware
Optical Sensors for UAV
Applications of Drones in Agriculture and Allied Sectors
Conclusions
References
4 Achieving Agriculture 4.0 Through Modernization and Enhancement with Mechanization, Automation and Advanced Technologies
Introduction
Mechanization in Agricultural Production
Adoption Industry 4.0 Technologies in Agricultural Production
Conclusion
References
5 Improved Efficiency of Smart Agriculture By Using Cost-Effective IoT Design
Introduction
Related Work
Proposed System
Devices Used
Implementation of Proposed System
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
6 Smart Greenhouse Development: A Case Study in West Java, Indonesia
Introduction
Horticulture Productions in West Java
Smart Greenhouse Technology Developments in West Java
Opportunities and Challenges
Conclusions
References
7 Maucrop: An AI-Driven Interactive Mobile Application to Advice on Crop Selection and Cultivation for Small-Scale Crop Farmers in Mauritius
Introduction
Research Aims
Background Study and Related Works
Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture in Mauritius
The Need for Effective Crop Selection and Production Strategies
Factors Influencing Crop Selection and Cultivation
Methods Used for Crop Selection by Small Planters in Mauritius
Mobile Applications as a Tool for Smart Agriculture
Design and Implementation of “MauCrop” Mobile Application
“MauCrop” Mobile Application
Functional and Non-functional Requirements for the Mobile App
MauCrop App Data Model
MauCrop App Use Case
System Context Diagram
MauCrop App Platform
Conclusions
References
8 Affordable ICT Solutions for Water Conservation Using Sensor-Based Irrigation Systems for Use in Arid Agriculture in Thar Desert Region of India
Introduction
Related Work
Test Bed Design and Setup
Design of the Experiment
Micro-irrigation System Setup
Implementation
System Components
System Description
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
9 Adoption of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in Sri Lanka: Scope, Present Status, Problems, Prospects, Policy Issues, and Strategies
Introduction
Agriculture Sector in Sri Lankan Context
Challenges in Agriculture Industry
Overview of Climate Change and Climate Smart Agriculture Technologies
Adaptation Behavior of CSA Technologies
An Overview of Adoption Behavior of CSA Technologies in Sri Lankan Context
Factors Influence on Adoption Behavior of CSA Technologies
Scope and Status of CSA Technologies in Sri Lanka
Problems and Prospects in Adoption of CSA Technologies
Policy Issues and Strategies for Adoption of CSA Technologies in Sri Lanka
Conclusion
Recommendation
References
10 Image Processing: A Smart Technology for Early Detection of Crop Pests and Diseases
Introduction
Traditional Means of Pest and Disease Detection
Image Processing an Emerging Technology for Pest and Disease Detection
Application of Image Processing in Smart Agriculture
Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
11 Development of a Smart Sprayer for Smallholder Farmers in Conservation Agriculture
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Concept Design
Function Design and Major Components
Prototype Construction
Selection of Weed-Detecting Sensors
Practical Tests
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
References
12 Ecological Significance of Seaweed Biomass Production and Its Role in Sustainable Agriculture
Introduction
Ecological Significance of Seaweeds
Carbon Sequestration
Biosorption
Bioremediation
Biological Indicators
Animal Feed
Food
Role in Sustainable Agriculture
Soil Amendment by Seaweed
Seaweeds as a Source of Biostimulants
Conclusion
References
13 Biofertilizer Technologies for Better Crop Nutrient—A Sustainable Smart Agriculture
Introduction
Biofertilizer
Isolation, Screening, and Identification of Microbiome
Selection of Artificial Microbial Community
Plant Probiotics and Customized Inoculant
Biofilm Biofertilizers
Methods of Biofertilizer Applications
Case Study
Biofertilizer Formulation and Applications: New Technologies
Nanobiofertilizer
Biofertilizer and Biosafety
Terrace Gardening
Aeroponics
Conclusion
References
14 Plant Tissue Culture Technique and Smart Agriculture
Introduction
Smart Agriculture at the Arab Level
Plant Tissue Culture
The Challenge
Concept of Project Idea
The Protocol
References
15 Investigation of Benzene Residue Removal from Agricultural Soil After Gamma Irradiation Treatment Using GCMS and FTIR Method
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Sample Collection and Investigation
Gamma Irradiation Treatment
Investigations by GCMS and FTIR Method
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
16 Removal of Nitrates from Drinking Water Using Chia Seeds in Gaza Strip, Palestine
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Chia Seeds Biosorbent Preparation
Preparation of Nitrate Solutions (Adsorbate).
Preparation of Acetate and Citric Solutions for pH Control
Nitrate Removal Experiments by Chia Seeds Biosorbent by Batch Method
Factors Affecting Absorption Processes
Optimization Conditions
Applying the Chia Seeds Biosorbent for Nitrates Removal from Groundwater
Recovery of Chia Seeds
Detection of NO2−, –N (Nitrogen, Nitrite)
Result and Discussion
Effect of pH on % Nitrate Removal by Chia Seeds Char
Effect of Chia Seeds Char Dose on % Removal of Nitrate
Comparison Between Chia Char with Citric 0.2 M and Acetic Acid 0.2 M for Nitrate Removal from Synthetic Water 100 mg/l Nitrate (days)
Effect of Particle Size of Chia Char on % of Nitrate Removal
Chia Char Recovery
The Effects of Nitrate Initial Concentration on Chia Char Removal Efficiency for Nitrate
Optimum Conditions of Chia Char for the % Removal Efficiency of Nitrate
Effect of Contact Time and Initial Nitrate Concentration on Percentage Nitrate Removal by Chia Seeds Biosorbent
Conclusion
Recommendations
References
17 Smart Agriculture Research and Development for Small Island Developing States
Introduction
SIDS Agricultural Challenges
Climate Change and Natural Disasters
Food Insecurity and Land Use
Smart Agricultural Research and Innovation for SIDS
Emerging Agricultural Technologies
Internet of Things
Artificial Intelligence
Case of the University of Mauritius
Agri-digital Skills
AgriTECH Park
Multidisciplinary Research
Conclusion
References
18 Smart Agriculture: Special Challenges and Strategies for Island States
Introduction
Advantages of Smart Agriculture
Challenges of Smart Agriculture: Special Reference to Island States
Mindset and Cultural Barriers
Lack of Awareness on Smart Agriculture
Scientific and Technical Knowledge of the Farmers
Cost
Availability of Experts
Data Availability, Reliability, and Insecurity
Big Data Storage and Network Connectivity
Agricultural Policy
Strategies to Strengthen the Smart Agriculture
Conclusion
References
