Mosquitoes are significant vectors that transmit various pathogens to humans and other mammals. Mosquitoes seem to be omnipresent and easily breed in climates favourable to them. Life cycle of the Aedes species of mosquitoes is similar to others of its genera. This book focuses on Aedes mosquitoes that are responsible for many dreadful diseases and discusses every stage in the life cycle of the species.
The contributing authors of this book have extensive teaching and research experience in the field of detection of viruses of Dengue, Chikungunya, yellow fever and West Nile. One of the contributing authors, Prof. Vinod Joshi, has researched on Dengue viruses for 17 years. The book provides a detailed account of the distribution of Aedes mosquitoes, their role as a vector and their control through various methods. Currently, there has been increased interest among researchers to mitigate the threat caused by Aedes mosquitoes and substantial investigation is being done on the mosquito’s history, in characterizing present circumstances and to collaborate future efforts.
Author(s): Jagriti Narang, Manika Khanuja
Publisher: Jenny Stanford Publishing
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 286
City: Singapore
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
About Lead Author, Prof. Vinod Joshi
1. Aedes Mosquitoes: The Universal Vector
1.1 Background
1.2 Life Cycle
1.2.1 The Egg
1.2.2 The Larvae
1.2.3 The Pupae
1.2.4 The Adult
1.3 Anatomy
1.4 Gonotrophy
1.5 Host Preference
1.6 Conclusion
2. The Aedes Fauna: Different Aedes Species Inhabiting the Earth
2.1 Aedes aegypti
2.1.1 Morphology
2.1.2 Origin and Distribution
2.1.3 Breeding Habitats
2.1.4 Role in Disease Transmission
2.1.5 Modern Biology
2.2 Aedes albopictus
2.2.1 Morphology
2.2.2 Origin and Distribution
2.2.3 Breeding Habitats
2.2.4 Role in Disease Transmission
2.2.5 Modern Biology
2.3 Aedes vittatus
2.3.1 Morphology
2.3.2 Origin and Distribution
2.3.3 Breeding Habitats
2.3.4 Role in Disease Transmission
2.3.5 Modern Biology
2.4 Aedes atropalus
2.4.1 Morphology
2.4.2 Origin and Distribution
2.4.3 Breeding Habitats
2.4.4 Role in Disease Transmission
2.4.5 Modern Biology
2.5 Aedes japonicus
2.5.1 Morphology
2.5.2 Origin and Distribution
2.5.3 Breeding Habitats
2.5.4 Role in Disease Transmission
2.5.5 Modern Biology
2.6 Aedes koreicus
2.6.1 Morphology
2.6.2 Origin and Distribution
2.6.3 Breeding Habitats
2.6.4 Role in Disease Transmission
2.6.5 Modern Biology
2.7 Aedes triseriatus
2.7.1 Morphology
2.7.2 Origin and Distribution
2.7.3 Breeding Habitats
2.7.4 Role in Disease Transmission
2.7.5 Modern Biology
2.8 Aedes polynesiensis
2.8.1 Morphology
2.8.2 Origin and Distribution
2.8.3 Breeding Habitats
2.8.4 Role in Disease Transmission
2.9 Aedes vexans
2.9.1 Morphology
2.9.2 Origin and Distribution
2.9.3 Breeding Habitats
2.9.4 Role in Disease Transmission
2.10 Other Species
3. Viral Pathogens: A General Account
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Viruses Transmitted by Arthropods
3.2.1 Togaviruses
3.2.1.1 Chikungunya virus
3.2.1.2 Eastern equine encephalitis virus
3.2.2 Bunyaviruses
3.2.2.1 Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
3.2.2.2 Rift Valley fever virus
3.2.2.3 La Crosse virus
3.2.3 Flaviviruses
3.2.3.1 Dengue virus
3.2.3.2 Japanese encephalitis virus
3.2.3.3 Yellow fever virus
3.2.3.4 West Nile virus
3.3 Conclusion
4. Dengue Fever: A Viral Hemorrhagic Fever of Global Concern
4.1 Epidemiology
4.2 Virus Morphology
4.2.1 Structural Proteins
4.2.1.1 The nucleocapsid protein
4.2.1.2 The membrane protein
4.2.1.3 The envelope protein
4.2.2 Nonstructural Proteins
4.2.2.1 NS1 protein
4.2.2.2 NS2 protein
4.2.2.3 NS3 protein
4.2.2.4 NS4A protein
4.2.2.5 NS5 protein
4.3 Transmission Route
4.3.1 Replication of Dengue Virus within Systems: The Extrinsic System
4.3.2 Replication of Dengue Virus within Systems: The Intrinsic System
4.3.3 Intracellular Replication of Dengue Virus
4.4 Pathogenicity
4.5 Treatment and Diagnostics
4.5.1 Dengue Vaccine Update
4.5.2 Disease Management
4.5.3 Laboratory Diagnosis of Dengue Virus
4.5.3.1 Virus isolations
4.5.3.2 Serological diagnostic tests
4.5.3.3 Molecular diagnostic assays
4.5.3.4 Nanotechnology-based detection methods
4.6 Risk Factors
4.7 Conclusion
5. Chikungunya Fever: Emergence and Reality
5.1 Epidemiology
5.2 Virus Morphology
5.2.1 Structural Proteins
5.2.2 Nonstructural Proteins
5.2.2.1 NS1 protein
5.2.2.2 NS2 protein
5.2.2.3 NS3 protein
5.2.2.4 NS4A protein
5.2.2.5 NS5 protein
5.3 Transmission Route
5.3.1 Replication of Chikungunya Virus
5.4 Pathogenicity
5.5 Treatment and Diagnostics
5.5.1 Molecular Diagnostics
5.5.2 Laboratory Diagnosis of Chikungunya Virus
5.5.3 Advanced Approaches
5.6 Risk Factors
5.7 Conclusion
6. Zika: An Ancient Virus Incipient into New Spaces
6.1 Epidemiology
6.2 Virus Morphology
6.2.1 Structural Proteins
6.2.1.1 Membrane protein
6.2.2 Nonstructural Proteins
6.3 Transmission Route
6.3.1 Replication of Zika Virus within Systems: The Extrinsic System
6.3.2 Replication of Zika Virus within Systems: The Intrinsic System
6.3.3 Intracellular Replication of Zika Virus
6.4 Pathogenicity
6.5 Treatment and Diagnostics
6.5.1 Zika Vaccine Update
6.5.2 Disease Management
6.5.3 Laboratory Diagnosis of Zika Virus
6.5.3.1 Virus isolation studies
6.5.3.2 Immunological diagnostic assays
6.5.3.3 Molecular diagnostic assays
6.5.4.4 Nanotechnology-based detection methods: Biosensors
6.6 Risk Factors
6.7 Conclusion
7. Yellow Fever: Emergence and Reality
7.1 Epidemiology
7.2 Virus Morphology
7.3 Historical Overview
7.4 Pathogenicity
7.5 Transmission/Reservoirs
7.5.1 Incubation/Colonization
7.6 Diagnosis and Treatment of YFV Infection
7.6.1 Clinical Diagnosis of YF
7.6.2 Laboratory Diagnosis of YF
7.6.3 Treatment of YFV Infection
7.6.4 Vaccination for YFV
7.6.4.1 Development of live attenuated YF vaccines
7.6.4.2 Immune response generated during YFV vaccination
7.6.4.3 Adverse effects of YFV vaccines
7.7 Modern Biology
7.8 Conventional Methods for Detection of YFV
7.9 Risk Factors
7.10 Conclusion
8. West Nile Virus: The Silent Neuro-Invasive Terror
8.1 Epidemiology
8.2 Virus Morphology
8.3 Transmission Route
8.4 Pathogenicity
8.5 Detection Methods for WNV
8.5.1 Conventional Methods
8.5.2 Nanotechnology-Based Methods for WNV Detection
8.6 Treatment
8.7 Modern Biology
8.8 Conclusion
Index
