The book provides design engineers an elemental understanding of the variables that influence pressure drop and heat transfer in plain and micro-fin tubes to thermal systems using liquid single-phase flow in different industrial applications. It also provides design engineers using gas-liquid, two-phase flow in different industrial applications the necessary fundamentals of the two-phase flow variables. The author and his colleagues were the first to determine experimentally the very important relationship between inlet geometry and transition. On the basis of their results, they developed practical and easy to use correlations for the isothermal and non-isothermal friction factor (pressure drop) and heat transfer coefficient (Nusselt number) in the transition region as well as the laminar and turbulent flow regions for different inlet configurations and fin geometry. This work presented herein provides the thermal systems design engineer the necessary design tools. The author further presents a succinct review of the flow patterns, void fraction, pressure drop and non-boiling heat transfer phenomenon and recommends some of the well scrutinized modeling techniques.
Author(s): Afshin J. Ghajar
Series: Mechanical Engineering Series
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 304
City: Cham
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Author
Nomenclature
Part I: Single-Phase Flow Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer in Tubes
Chapter 1: Introduction
Background
Need for Single-Phase Flow Study in the Transition Region
Chapter 2: Single-Phase Flow Experimental Setup for Plain and Micro-fin Tubes
Background
Details of the Single-Phase Flow Experimental Setup
Chapter 3: Effect of Inlet Configuration and Heating on Plain Tube Friction Factor
Background
Fully Developed Friction Factor
Entrance and Fully Developed Friction Factors
Chapter 4: Proposed Correlations for Laminar and Transition Friction Factors in Plain Tubes with Different Inlet Configurations
Background
Laminar Region
Transition Region
An Illustrative Example
Chapter 5: Heat Transfer Results in Plain Tubes with Different Inlet Configurations
Background
Effect of Inlet Configuration on Plain Tube Heat Transfer
Effect of Buoyancy (Secondary Flow) on Plain Tube Heat Transfer Coefficient
Variation of Local Nusselt Number Along the Plain Tube with Different Inlet Configuration in Different Flow Regimes
Simultaneous Heat Transfer and Friction Factor for Plain Tube with Different Inlet Configurations
Chapter 6: Proposed Correlations and Flow Regime Map for Laminar, Transition, and Turbulent Heat Transfer in Plain Tubes with ...
Background
Proposed Correlations for All Flow Regimes
Flow Regime Map for Forced and Mixed Convection
An Illustrative Example
Chapter 7: Friction Factor Results for Micro-fin Tubes
Background
Effect of Inlet Configuration and Heating on Micro-fin Tubes´ Fully Developed Friction Factors
Effect of Inlet Configuration and Heating on Micro-fin Tubes´ Entrance and Fully Developed Friction Factors
Effect of Fin Geometry of Micro-fin Tubes on Friction Factor
Effect of Change in Spiral Angle on Friction Factor
Effect of Change in Fin Height-to-Diameter Ratio on Friction Factor
Effect of Change in Number of Starts on Friction Factor
Chapter 8: Proposed Correlations for Laminar, Transition, and Turbulent Friction Factors in Micro-fin Tubes with Different Inl...
Background
Laminar Region
Transitional Region
Turbulent Region
Chapter 9: Heat Transfer Results in Micro-fin Tubes
Background
Effect of Inlet Configuration and Buoyancy on Micro-fin Tubes´ Heat Transfer
Effect of Fin Geometry of Micro-fin Tubes on Heat Transfer
Effect of Change in Spiral Angle on Heat Transfer
Effect of Change in Fin Height-to-Diameter Ratio on Heat Transfer
Effect of Change in Number of Starts on Heat Transfer
Simultaneous Heat Transfer and Friction Factor for Micro-fin Tubes with Different Inlet Configurations
Chapter 10: Proposed Correlations for Laminar, Turbulent, and Transition Heat Transfer in Micro-fin Tubes with Different Inlet...
Background
Laminar Region
Turbulent Region
Transition Region
Chapter 11: Friction Factor in the Transition Region of Mini- and Micro-tubes
Background
Details of the Single-Phase Flow Pressure Drop Experimental Setup for Mini- and Micro-tubes
Effect of Mini- and Micro-tube Diameter on the Start and End of the Transition Region of the Friction Factor: The Work of Ghaj...
A Brief Summary of the Extensions to the Work of Ghajar et al. (2010)
Part II: Two-Phase Flow Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer in Tubes
Chapter 12: Introduction
Background
Need of Two-Phase Flow Study in Inclined Systems
Basic Definitions in Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow
Chapter 13: Two-Phase Flow Experimental Setup for Inclined Systems
Background
Details of the Two-Phase Flow Experimental Setup
Chapter 14: Flow Patterns, Flow Pattern Maps, and Flow Pattern Transition Models
Background
Flow Patterns
Flow Pattern Maps
Flow Pattern Transitions
Chapter 15: Void Fraction
Background
Effect of Pipe Orientation on Void Fraction
Effect of Phase Flow Rates on Void Fraction
Effect of Fluid Properties on Void Fraction
Effect of Pipe Diameter on Void Fraction
Modeling of Void Fraction
An Illustrative Example
Chapter 16: Pressure Drop
Background
Effect of Pipe Orientation on Pressure Drop
Effect of Phase Flow Rates on Pressure Drop
Effect of Pipe Diameter on Pressure Drop
Effect of Fluid Properties on Pressure Drop
Effect of Surface Roughness on Pressure Drop
Pressure Gradient Minimum and Flow Reversal in Upward Inclined Flow
Two-Phase Pressure Drop Modeling
An Illustrative Example
Chapter 17: Modeling of Stratified Flow
Background
Taitel and Dukler (1976) Model
Apparent Rough Surface Model
Double Circle Model
An Illustrative Example
Chapter 18: Entrainment
Background
Entrainment Mechanisms
Liquid Entrainment Fraction Correlations
An Illustrative Example
Chapter 19: Modeling of Annular Flow
Background
Triangular Relationship in Annular Flow
An Illustrative Example
Chapter 20: Non-boiling Two-Phase Heat Transfer
Background
Effect of Pipe Inclination and Phase Flow Rates on Heat Transfer Coefficient
Circumferential Variation of Heat Transfer Coefficient with Pipe Inclination
Modeling of Non-boiling Two-Phase Heat Transfer
Application of Reynolds Analogy to Non-boiling Two-Phase Heat Transfer
An Illustrative Example
References
Index
