This book explores the biology of decapod shrimps, a group of animals known to most people as a nutritious and tasty food item. Shrimps are amazingly diverse in size, shape, coloration, behavior and natural history. Shrimp fisheries and aquaculture are a vital part of the USA and world economies. These crustaceans are key ecological and food-web components of marine and freshwater habitats. The book synthesizes information on the taxonomic and ecological diversity of shrimps, the structure and function of shrimp anatomy, antifouling adaptations, coloration and camouflage, reproductive biology, sexual systems, mating systems and behavior, life history strategies, symbioses between shrimps and other organisms, shrimp fisheries and aquaculture, as well as the evolution and phylogeny of shrimps. All chapters are written within an adaptational and evolutionary perspective. Important questions about shrimp biology are asked, and hypotheses for testing in future research are proposed. The book is spiced up with personal anecdotes and observations from the author’s research experiences.
This book is intended as a comprehensive reference, a “go to” book about the biology of shrimps. The text is scientifically rigorous but written in a style intended for a varied readership. Thus, the book is a valuable resource for budding or working research scientists such as zoologists, aquatic biologists, fisheries and aquaculture professionals, as well as amateur naturalists, aquarium hobbyists and interested laypersons. As the saying goes, “a picture is worth a thousand words,” so that the book is amply illustrated with figures and diagrams.The numerous color plates, composed of photos contributed by expert colleagues, make the world of shrimps come alive.
Author(s): Raymond T. Bauer
Series: Fish & Fisheries Series, 42
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 730
Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: The Shrimps: An Overview
1.1 What Are Decapod Shrimps?
1.2 Highly Adapted Swimmers
1.3 Reduction of the Caridoid Facies in the Decapoda
1.4 Systematic Position of the Decapod Shrimps Within the Crustacea
1.5 Biological Success of Shrimp Groups
1.6 Which Group of Shrimps?
References
Chapter 2: Structure and Function
2.1 From Stem to Stern
2.2 Cephalothorax and Carapace
2.3 Gills
2.4 Eyes
2.5 Appendages
2.6 Antennules
2.7 Second Antennae
2.8 Mouthparts
2.9 Maxillipeds
2.10 Pereopods
2.10.1 Chelae: Shrimp Pincers
2.10.2 Walking Legs
2.11 The Abdomen and Its Appendages
References
Chapter 3: The Families of Decapod Shrimps
3.1 Taxonomic Considerations
3.2 Suborder Dendrobranchiata
3.3 Superfamily Penaeoidea
3.3.1 Aristeidae
3.3.2 Benthesicymidae
3.3.3 Penaeidae
3.3.4 Sicyoniidae
3.3.5 Solenoceridae
3.4 Superfamily Sergestoidea
3.4.1 Luciferidae
3.4.2 Sergestidae
3.5 Infraorder Caridea
3.6 Superfamily Alpheoidea
3.6.1 Alpheidae
3.6.2 Hippolytidae (s.l.) Families
3.6.3 Barbouriidae
3.6.4 Bythocarididae
3.6.5 Hippolytidae (s.s.)
3.6.6 Lysmatidae
3.6.7 Merguiidae
3.6.8 Thoridae
3.6.9 Ogyrididae
3.7 Superfamily Atyoidea: Atyidae
3.8 Superfamily Bresilioidea
3.8.1 Family Agostocarididae
3.8.2 Family Alvinocarididae
3.8.3 Family Anchialocarididae
3.8.4 Family Bresiliidae (s.s.)
3.8.5 Disciadidae
3.8.6 Pseudochelidae
3.9 Superfamily Campylonotoidea
3.9.1 Bathypalaemonellidae
3.9.2 Family Campylonotidae
3.10 Superfamily Crangonoidea
3.10.1 Crangonidae
3.10.2 Glyphocrangonidae
3.11 Superfamily Nematocarcinoidea
3.11.1 Eugonatonotidae
3.11.2 Lipkiidae
3.11.3 Nematocarcinidae
3.11.4 Rhynchocinetidae
3.11.5 Xiphocarididae
3.12 Superfamily Oplophoroidea
3.12.1 Oplophoridae and Acanthephyridae
3.13 Superfamily Palaemonoidea
3.13.1 Desmocarididae
3.13.2 Euryrhynchidae
3.13.3 Palaemonidae (s.l.)
3.13.4 Typhlocarididae
3.14 Superfamily Pandaloidea
3.14.1 Pandalidae
3.14.2 Chlorotocellidae
3.15 Superfamily Pasiphaeoidea: Pasiphaeidae
3.16 Superfamily Physetocaridoidea: Physetocarididae
3.17 Superfamily Processoidea: Processidae
3.18 Superfamily Psalidopodoidea: Psalidopodidae
3.19 Superfamily Stylodactyloidea: Stylodactylidae
3.20 Amphionides reynaudii: Taxon Inquirendum or Pandalidae?
3.21 Infraorder Procarididea: Procarididae
3.22 Infraorder Stenopodidea
3.22.1 Stenopodidae
3.22.2 Spongicolidae
3.22.3 Macromaxillocarididae
3.23 Last Word
References
Chapter 4: Shrimp Hygiene: Antifouling Adaptations
4.1 Fouling and Antifouling Countermeasures
4.2 Grooming of Chemosensory Appendages
4.2.1 Antennular Grooming
4.2.2 Adaptive Value of Antennular Grooming
4.2.3 Cleaning of the Antennal Flagellum: The Pereopod 1 Carpal-Propodal Brush
4.3 Gill-Cleaning Mechanisms
4.3.1 Reversal and Filtering of the Respiratory Current
4.3.2 Setiferous Epipods
4.3.3 Epipod-Setobranch Complexes
4.3.4 Scaphognathite Gill Cleaning
4.3.5 Gill Cleaning by Chelipeds
4.3.6 Passive Versus Active Gill Cleaning
4.4 General Body Grooming
4.4.1 Morphology and Behavior
4.4.2 Adaptive Value of General Body Grooming
4.5 Embryo Care
4.6 Behavioral Aspects of Grooming
4.7 Other Antifouling Adaptations
References
Chapter 5: Coloration, Color Change, and Camouflage
5.1 Adaptive Value of Coloration
5.2 Types and Sources of Color
5.3 Color and Camouflage
5.4 Mechanisms of Color Change
5.5 Rapid Color Change
5.6 Day-Night Color Change
5.7 Morphological Color Change
5.8 Applied Value of Color Change Studies
5.9 Color Polymorphism and Camouflage
5.10 Warning Coloration
5.11 Color and Depth
5.12 Bioluminescence and Photophores
5.13 Defensive Bioluminescence
References
Chapter 6: Reproduction
6.1 Complexity of Shrimp Reproductive Morphology
6.1.1 Female Gonads: Ovaries
6.1.2 Male Gonads and Spermatophores
6.1.3 Male Gonadal System: Caridea, Stenopodidea, and Procarididea
6.1.4 Male Gonadal System: Penaeoidea and Sergestoidea
6.2 Secondary Sexual Characters: Genitalia
6.2.1 Genitalia of the Procarididea, Stenopodidea, and Caridea
6.2.2 Genitalia of Dendrobranchiata: Thelyca, Petasmata, and Appendices Masculinae
6.3 Mechanics of Copulation and Insemination
6.4 Eggs, Sperm, and Fertilization
6.4.1 Eggs
6.4.2 Sperm
6.4.3 Sperm Meets Egg: Fertilization
6.5 Temporal Cycles of Molting, Mating, Spawning, and Incubation
6.6 Spawning, Parental Care, and Breeding Dress
References
Chapter 7: Sexual Systems
7.1 Sexual Systems and Hermaphroditism
7.2 The Direction of Sex Change and the Size Advantage Model
7.3 Types and Variations in Sexual Systems
7.3.1 Pure Protandry
7.3.2 Partial Protandry with Primary and/or Early-Maturing Females
7.3.3 Partial Protandry with Primary Males, Primary Females
7.3.4 Partial Protandry with Primary Males
7.3.5 Protandric Simultaneous Hermaphroditism
7.3.6 Pure Simultaneous Hermaphroditism?
7.4 Identification of Protandrous Sexual Systems
7.4.1 Size-Frequency Distributions
7.4.2 Transitional Characters
7.4.3 Direct Observation of Sex Change
7.5 Taxonomic Distribution of Hermaphroditism in Shrimps
7.5.1 Dendrobranchiata (Sergestoidea and Penaeoidea)
7.5.2 Alpheidae
7.5.3 Atyidae
7.5.4 Campylonotidae
7.5.5 Crangonidae
7.5.6 Hippolytidae
7.5.7 Merguiidae
7.5.8 Pandalidae
7.5.9 Processidae
7.5.10 Rhynchocinetidae
7.5.11 Thoridae
7.5.12 Lysmatidae/Barbouriidae: Protandric Simultaneous Hermaphroditism
7.6 Role of the Androgenic Gland in Protandrous Sexual Systems
7.7 Environmentally Determined Sex Change (ESD)
7.8 Evolution of Protandrous Sexual Systems
7.8.1 Female-First or Male-First Origin of Protandrous Sexual Systems?
7.8.2 The Dendrobranchiate/Palaemonid Paradox
7.8.3 Evolution of Protandric Simultaneous Hermaphroditism (PSH)
7.8.4 Final Thoughts
References
Chapter 8: Mating Systems
8.1 Sexual Tactics and Strategies
8.2 Mate Attraction and Recognition
8.2.1 Visual Cues
8.2.2 Tactile Cues
8.2.3 Sex Pheromones
8.2.4 Olfactory Pheromones
8.2.5 Contact Sex Pheromones
8.2.6 Chemical Composition of Sex Pheromones
8.3 Shrimp Mating Systems
8.3.1 Pure Searching
8.3.2 Temporary Mate (Female) Guarding Systems
8.3.3 Search and Attend
8.3.4 Neighborhoods of Dominance (NOD)
8.3.5 Monogamy
8.4 Female Choice, Multiple Paternity and Sperm Competition
References
Chapter 9: Life Histories
9.1 What Is a Life History?
9.2 Embryonic Development and Hatching
9.3 Larval Development: Costs and Benefits
9.4 Extended Larval Development
9.4.1 Dendrobranchiata: Penaeoids and Sergestoids
9.4.2 Carideans
9.4.3 Stenopodideans
9.5 Abbreviated and Direct Larval Development
9.6 Developmental Strategies of Freshwater Species
9.6.1 Freshwater Abbreviated Larval Development and Direct Development Species
9.6.2 Amphidromous Species
9.6.3 Freshwater Extended Larval Development Species
9.7 Abbreviated and Direct Development in Marine Species
9.7.1 High-Latitude Species
9.7.2 Deep-Sea Species
9.7.3 ALD/DD in Shallow-Water Marine Species
9.8 Reproductive Investment, Output, and Fecundity
9.9 Variation of Fecundity with Female and Egg (Embryo) Size
9.10 Fecundity (Brood) Loss
9.11 Parasitic Castration by Bopyrid Isopods
9.12 Life Cycles, Seasonality, and Latitudinal Trends
9.12.1 Tropical and Warm-Temperate Shallow-Water Species: Dendrobranchiates
9.12.2 Tropical and Warm-Temperate Shallow-Water Species: Pleocyemates
9.12.3 Freshwater Carideans
9.12.4 Cool-Temperate and Boreal/Austral Species
9.12.5 Polar Species
9.13 Within Taxon Latitudinal Variation in Life-History Traits in Neritic Marine Species
9.14 Deep-Sea Species
9.15 The Life-History Continuum of Shrimps
9.16 Global Warming and Climatic Effects on Life-History Patterns
References
Chapter 10: Symbioses
10.1 Symbioses in Shrimps
10.2 Taxonomic and Geographic Distribution of Shrimp Symbioses
10.3 Common Adaptations of Symbiotic Shrimps
10.4 Sponge Dwellers
10.4.1 Caridean Sponge Associates
10.4.2 Spongicolid Sponge Associates
10.4.3 Social Organization in Synalpheus Sponge Inhabitants
10.5 Shrimps Associated with Cnidarians
10.5.1 Shrimp Associates of Corals and Related Colonial Anthozoans
10.5.2 Anemone Shrimps
10.5.3 Jellyfish Shrimps
10.6 Shrimp Residents of Echinodermata
10.6.1 Echinoidea (Sea Urchin) Associates
10.6.2 Crinoid Shrimps
10.6.3 Other Echinoderm-Shrimp Associations
10.6.4 Host Recognition and Fidelity
10.7 Molluscan Hostels
10.8 Ascidian Homes
10.9 Shrimp Associations with Burrow Dwellers and Other Crustacea
10.10 Shrimps as Hosts: Goby Fish-Alpheid Shrimp Symbioses
10.11 Shrimps That Clean Fishes: Cleaning Symbiosis
10.12 Evolution of Symbioses in Shrimps
References
Chapter 11: Fisheries and Aquaculture
11.1 A Desirable Food Product
11.2 Facts and Figures
11.3 Shrimp Fisheries and Aquaculture Production: Economic Value
11.4 Composition of the World´s Shrimp Fisheries
11.5 Life-History Traits and Shrimp Productivity
11.6 Globally Important Fishery Species
11.6.1 Sergestidae
11.6.2 Penaeoidea
11.6.3 Caridea
11.7 Top Shrimp Fishing Countries
11.8 Fishing Techniques
11.8.1 Catchability and Behavior
11.8.2 Otter and Beam Trawls
11.8.3 Skimmer and Butterfly Nets
11.8.4 Fyke Nets and Traps (Pots)
11.9 Management of Shrimp Fisheries
11.9.1 Overfishing
11.9.2 Shrimp Fishery Forecasting and Regulation
11.10 Environmental Impacts of the Shrimp Fishing Industry
11.10.1 Bycatch and Discards
11.10.2 Trawling Disturbance of the Sea Bottom and Its Communities
11.10.3 Loss of Coastal Wetlands and Shrimp Fisheries
11.11 Scale and Growth of Shrimp Aquaculture
11.12 Penaeid Aquaculture
11.12.1 Some History
11.12.2 Principal Species
11.12.3 Principal Countries
11.12.4 Techniques
11.13 Freshwater (Macrobrachium) Shrimp Aquaculture
11.13.1 Principal Species
11.13.2 Principal Countries and Some History
11.13.3 Techniques
11.14 Shrimp Diseases
11.14.1 Penaeids
11.14.2 Macrobrachium Species
11.15 Biosecurity
11.16 Monosex Populations in Shrimp Aquaculture
11.17 Environmental Impacts of Shrimp Aquaculture
11.18 Ornamental Shrimps
11.19 Climate Change: Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture
11.20 Past, Present, and Future State of Shrimp Fisheries and Aquaculture
References
Chapter 12: Evolutionary History and Relationships of Shrimps
12.1 Shrimp Chronicles
12.2 The Fossil Record
12.3 Classification and Systematics
12.4 Morphological Characters and Their Evolutionary Polarities
12.5 Origin of Shrimps from a Decapod Ancestor
12.6 Relationships Among Major Shrimp Groups and Other Decapods
12.7 Chronological Estimates of Taxa Origins
12.8 Relationships Within the Major Shrimp Taxa
12.8.1 Dendrobranchiata
12.8.2 Sergestoidea
12.8.3 Penaeoidea
12.8.4 Caridea and Procarididea
12.8.5 Traditional Views of Caridean Relationships
12.8.6 Christoffersen´s Cladistic Phylogeny
12.8.7 Molecular Tests of Caridean Phylogeny
12.8.8 Stenopodidea
References
Subject Index
Taxonomic Index
