product iamge

SAS Essentials: Mastering SAS for Data Analytics

This document was uploaded by one of our users. The uploader already confirmed that they had the permission to publish it. If you are author/publisher or own the copyright of this documents, please report to us by using this DMCA report form.

Download
Search on Amazon

Simply click on the Download Book button.

Yes, Book downloads on Ebookily are 100% Free.

Sometimes the book is free on Amazon As well, so go ahead and hit "Search on Amazon"

SAS ESSENTIALS

Valuable step-by-step introduction to using SAS® statistical software as a foundational approach to data analysis and interpretation

Presenting a straightforward introduction from the ground up, SAS® Essentials illustrates SAS using hands-on learning techniques and numerous real-world examples; keeping different experience levels in mind, the highly qualified author team has developed the book over 25 years of teaching introductory SAS courses.

This book introduces data manipulation, statistical techniques, and the SAS programming language, including SAS macros, reporting results in tables, and factor analysis, as well as sections on character functions, variable manipulation, and merging, appending, and updating files. It features self-contained chapters to enhance the learning process and includes programming approaches for the latest version of the SAS platform.

The Third Edition has been updated with expanded examples, a new chapter introducing PROC SQL as well as new end-of-chapter exercises. The Third Edition also includes a companion website with data sets, additional code, notes on SAS programming, functions, ODS, PROC SQL, and SAS Arrays, along with solutions for instructors.

Specific sample topics covered in SAS® Essentials include:

  • Getting data into SAS, reading, writing, and importing data, preparing data for analysis, preparing to use SAS procedures, and controlling output using ODS
  • Techniques for creating, editing, and debugging SAS programs, cleaning up messy data sets, and manipulating data using character, time, and numeric functions
  • Other essential computational skills that are utilized by business, government, and organizations alike, and DATA step for data management
  • Using PROC to analyze data, including evaluating quantitative data, analyzing counts and tables, comparing means using T-Tests, correlation and regression, and analysis of variance, nonparametric analysis, logistic regression, factor analysis, and creating custom graphs and reports.

SAS® Essentials is a fundamental study resource for professionals preparing for the SAS Base Certification Exam, as well as an ideal textbook for courses in statistics, data analytics, applied SAS programming, and statistical computer applications.

Author(s): Wayne A. Woodward, Alan C. Elliott
Edition: 3
Publisher: Wiley
Year: 2023

Language: English
Pages: 574
City: Hoboken

COVER
TITLE PAGE
COPYRIGHT PAGE
CONTENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHORS’ WEBSITE
PART I DATA MANIPULATION AND THE SAS® PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
CHAPTER 1 GETTING STARTED
1.1 USING SAS IN A WINDOWS ENVIRONMENT
1.1.1 Creating a Folder for Storing Your SAS Files
1.1.2 Beginning the SAS Program
1.1.3 Understanding the SAS Windows Interface
1.2 YOUR FIRST SAS ANALYSIS
1.3 HOW SAS WORKS
1.4 TIPS AND TRICKS FOR RUNNING SAS PROGRAMS
1.4.1 Using the SAS Enhanced Editor
1.4.2 Using SAS Function Keys
1.4.3 Using the SAS Menus
1.4.4 Understanding Common File Extensions
1.4.5 Getting SAS Help
1.5 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
CHAPTER 2 GETTING DATA INTO SAS®
2.1 USING SAS DATASETS
2.2 UNDERSTANDING SAS DATASET STRUCTURE
2.3 RULES FOR SAS VARIABLE NAMES
2.4 UNDERSTANDING SAS VARIABLE TYPES
2.5 METHODS OF READING DATA INTO SAS
2.5.1 Reading Data Using Freeform List Input
2.5.2 Reading Data Using the Compact Method
2.5.3 Reading Data Using Column Input
2.5.4 Reading Data Using Formatted Input
2.5.5 Using FORMATs for Output
2.5.6 Using the SAS INFORMAT Statement
2.5.7 Reading External Data Using INFILE
2.6 GOING DEEPER: MORE TECHNIQUES FOR ENTERING DATA
2.6.1 Reading Multiple Records per Observation
2.6.2 Using Advanced INFILE Statement Options
2.7 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
CHAPTER 3 READING, WRITING, AND IMPORTING DATA
3.1 WORKING WITH SAS LIBRARIES AND PERMANENT DATASETS
3.2 CREATING PERMANENT SAS DATASETS USING THE WINDOWS FILE NAME TECHNIQUE
3.3 CREATING PERMANENT SAS DATASETS USING A SAS LIBRARY
3.4 CREATING A SAS LIBRARY USING A DIALOG BOX
3.5 CREATING A SAS LIBRARY USING CODE
3.6 USING DATA IN PERMANENT SAS DATASETS
3.7 IMPORTING DATA FROM ANOTHER PROGRAM
3.7.1 Importing Data Using the SAS Import Wizard
3.7.2 Importing Data Using SAS Code
3.7.3 Exporting Data Using SAS Code
3.8 DISCOVERING THE CONTENTS OF A SAS DATASET
3.9 GOING DEEPER: UNDERSTANDING HOW THE DATA STEP READS AND STORES DATA
3.10 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
CHAPTER 4 PREPARING DATA FOR ANALYSIS
4.1 LABELING VARIABLES WITH EXPLANATORY NAMES
4.2 CREATING NEW VARIABLES
4.2.1 Creating Numeric Variables in the DATA Step
4.2.2 Creating New Variables as Constant Values
4.3 USING IF-THEN-ELSE CONDITIONAL STATEMENT ASSIGNMENTS
4.3.1 Using IF-THEN to Assign Missing Values
4.3.2 Using IF and IF-THEN To Subset Datasets
4.3.3 Using IF-THEN and DO for Program Control
4.3.4 Using @ and IF to Conditionally Read Lines in a Dataset
4.4 USING DROP AND KEEP TO SELECT VARIABLES
4.5 USING THE SET STATEMENT TO READ AN EXISTING DATASET
4.6 USING PROC SORT
4.7 APPENDING AND MERGING DATASETS
4.7.1 Appending Two Datasets
4.7.2 Merging Datasets by a Key Identifier
4.7.3 Few-to-Many Merge
4.8 USING PROC FORMAT
4.8.1 Creating Permanent Formats
4.9 GOING DEEPER: FINDING FIRST AND LAST VALUES
4.10 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
CHAPTER 5 PREPARING TO USE SAS® PROCEDURES
5.1 UNDERSTANDING SAS SUPPORT STATEMENTS
5.1.1 Using TITLE and FOOTNOTE Statements
5.1.2 Including Comments in Your SAS Code
5.1.3 Using RUN and QUIT Statements
5.2 UNDERSTANDING PROC STATEMENT SYNTAX
5.2.1 Using the VAR Statement in a SAS Procedure
5.2.2 Using the BY Statement in a SAS Procedure
5.3 USING THE ID STATEMENT IN A SAS PROCEDURE
5.4 USING THE LABEL STATEMENT IN A SAS PROCEDURE
5.5 USING THE WHERE STATEMENT IN A SAS PROCEDURE
5.6 USING PROC PRINT
5.7 GOING DEEPER: SPLITTING COLUMN TITLES IN PROC PRINT
5.8 GOING DEEPER: COMMON SYSTEM OPTIONS
5.9 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
CHAPTER 6 PREPARING DATA FOR ANALYSIS
6.1 USING SAS FUNCTIONS
6.2 USING PROC TRANSPOSE
6.2.1 Using TRANSPOSE to Deal with Multiple Records per Subject
6.3 THE SELECT STATEMENT
6.4 GOING DEEPER: CLEANING A MESSY DATASET
6.4.1 Fix Labels, Rename Variables
6.4.2 Fix Case Problems, Allowed Categories, and Delete Unneeded Lines
6.4.3 Check and Fix Incorrect Categories, Fix Duplicated Variables
6.4.4 Check and Fix Out-of-Range Numeric Variables
6.4.5 Correct Date and Time Values
6.4.6 Looking for Duplicate Records
6.4.7 Cleaning a Dataset: Summary
6.5 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
CHAPTER 7 SAS® ADVANCED PROGRAMMING TOPICS PART 2
7.1 USING SAS ARRAYS
7.1.1 Referring to Values in an Array
7.2 USING DO LOOPS
7.2.1 Quick Notes for Using SAS Arrays
7.3 USING THE RETAIN STATEMENT
7.4 USING SAS MACROS
7.4.1 Creating and Using SAS Macro Variables
7.4.2 Combining Macro Variables
7.4.3 Creating Callable Macro Routines
7.4.4 Using a Macro with No Parameters
7.4.5 Including SAS Macro Code
7.4.6 Using The SAS Macro %DO Loop
7.4.7 Using CALL SYMPUT to Create a Macro Variable
7.5 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
CHAPTER 8 CONTROLLING OUTPUT USING ODS
8.1 SPECIFYING THE ODS OUTPUT FORMAT AND DESTINATION
8.2 SPECIFYING ODS OUTPUT STYLE
8.3 USING ODS TO SELECT SPECIFIC OUTPUT TABLES FOR SAS PROCEDURES
8.4 GOING DEEPER: CAPTURING INFORMATION FROM ODS TABLES
8.4.1 Using ODS Graphics from SAS Procedures
8.5 GOING DEEPER: USING “TRAFFIC LIGHTING” TO HIGHLIGHT SELECTED VALUES
8.6 CREATING A POWERPOINT SLIDE USING GMAPS
8.7 EXTENDED ODS FEATURES
8.8 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
CHAPTER 9 INTRODUCTION TO PROC SQL
9.1 WHAT IS SQL, AND HOW DOES IT FIT IN SAS?
9.1.1 How Is SQL Useful in SAS?
9.1.2 SQL Nomenclature
9.1.3 The Structure of a SQL Statement
9.2 USING THE SELECT STATEMENT: VARIABLE SELECTION IN A PROC SQL STATEMENT
9.3 USING THE FROM STATEMENT IN PROC SQL
9.4 CREATING SAS DATASETS
9.5 USING A WHERE CLAUSE
9.6 USING A GROUP BY CLAUSE IN PROC SQL
9.7 USING A HAVING CLAUSE
9.8 USING AN ORDER BY CLAUSE
9.9 GOING DEEPER: DOING CALCULATIONS USING CALCULATED VARIABLES
9.10 GOING DEEPER: UNIONS AND JOINS
9.10.1 Using SQL UNIONS
9.10.2 Using SQL JOINS
9.11 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
PART II STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USING SAS PROCEDURES
CHAPTER 10 EVALUATING QUANTITATIVE DATA
10.1 USING PROC MEANS
10.1.1 PROC MEANS Statement Syntax and Options
10.1.2 Commonly Used Statements for PROC MEANS
10.1.3 Using PROC MEANS with BY Group and CLASS Statements
10.1.4 Output Statistics from PROC MEANS
10.2 USING PROC UNIVARIATE
10.2.1 Understanding PROC UNIVARIATE Output
10.2.2 Using PROC UNIVARIATE to Assess the Normality of the Data
10.2.3 Creating a Histogram Using PROC UNIVARIATE
10.3 GOING DEEPER: ADVANCED PROC UNIVARIATE OPTIONS
10.4 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
REFERENCE
CHAPTER 11 ANALYZING COUNTS AND TABLES
11.1 USING PROC FREQ
11.1.1 The TABLES Statement
11.2 ANALYZING ONE-WAY FREQUENCY TABLES
11.3 CREATING ONE-WAY FREQUENCY TABLES FROM SUMMARIZED DATA
11.3.1 Testing Goodness of Fit in a One-Way Table
11.4 ANALYZING TWO-WAY TABLES
11.4.1 Creating a Contingency Table from Raw Data, the 2 × 2 Case
11.4.2 Tables with Small Counts in Cells
11.5 GOING DEEPER: CALCULATING RELATIVE RISK MEASURES
11.6 GOING DEEPER: INTER-RATER RELIABILITY (KAPPA)
11.6.1 Calculating Weighted Kappa
11.7 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 12 COMPARING MEANS USING T-TESTS
12.1 PERFORMING A ONE-SAMPLE t-TEST
12.1.1 Running the One-Sample t-Test in SAS®
12.2 PERFORMING A TWO-SAMPLE t-TEST
12.2.1 Running the Two-Sample t-Test in SAS
12.2.2 Using PROC BOXPLOT
12.3 PERFORMING A PAIRED t-TEST
12.4 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
REFERENCE
CHAPTER 13 CORRELATION AND REGRESSION
13.1 CORRELATION ANALYSIS USING PROC CORR
13.1.1 Correlation Analysis Basics
13.1.2 Using SAS PROC CORR for Correlation Analysis
13.1.3 Producing a Matrix of Scatterplots
13.1.4 Calculating Correlations Using the WITH Statement
13.2 SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION
13.2.1 The Simple Linear Regression Model
13.2.2 Using PROC REG for Simple Linear Regression
13.3 MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION USING PROC REG
13.3.1 Using SAS PROC REG for Multiple Linear Regression
13.3.2 Automated Model Selection
13.4 GOING DEEPER: CALCULATING PREDICTIONS
13.5 GOING DEEPER: RESIDUAL ANALYSIS
13.6 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
CHAPTER 14 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
14.1 COMPARING THREE OR MORE MEANS USING ONE-WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
14.1.1 Using the MEANS or LSMEANS Statement
14.2 COMPARING THREE OR MORE REPEATED MEASURES
14.3 GOING DEEPER: CONTRASTS
14.4 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
REFERENCE
CHAPTER 15 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE, PART II
15.1 ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE
15.1.1 Two-Factor ANOVA Using PROC GLM
15.1.2 Understanding Fixed and Random Factors
15.2 GOING DEEPER: TWO-FACTOR ANOVA USING PROC MIXED
15.3 GOING DEEPER: REPEATED MEASURES WITH A GROUPING FACTOR
15.4 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 16 NONPARAMETRIC ANALYSIS
16.1 Comparing Two Independent Samples Using Npar1way
16.2 Comparing K Independent Samples (Kruskal–Wallis)
16.3 Comparing Two Dependent (Paired) Samples
16.4 COMPARING K-DEPENDENT SAMPLES (FRIEDMAN’S TEST)
16.5 Going Deeper: Nonparametric Multiple Comparisons
16.6 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 17 LOGISTIC REGRESSION
17.1 LOGISTIC ANALYSIS BASICS
17.1.1 The Logistic Regression Model
17.1.2 Understanding Odds and Odds Ratios
17.2 PERFORMING A LOGISTIC ANALYSIS USING PROC LOGISTIC
17.3 USING SIMPLE LOGISTIC ANALYSIS
17.3.1 Graphing Simple Logistic Results
17.4 MULTIPLE BINARY LOGISTIC ANALYSIS
17.4.1 Selecting Variables for Multiple Logistic Analysis
17.5 GOING DEEPER: ASSESSING A MODEL’S FIT AND PREDICTIVE ABILITY
17.6 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 18 FACTOR ANALYSIS
18.1 FACTOR ANALYSIS BASICS
18.1.1 Using PROC Factor
18.2 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 19 CREATING CUSTOM GRAPHS
19.1 CREATING SCATTERPLOTS AND LINE GRAPHS USING GPLOT
19.1.1 Creating a Simple Scatterplot
19.1.2 Managing Your SAS Graph
19.1.3 Enhancing a GPLOT Using the SYMBOL Statement
19.1.4 Customizing Axes in a Plot
19.1.5 Displaying Error Bars in GPLOT
19.2 CREATING BAR CHARTS AND PIE CHARTS
19.3 DEFINING GRAPH PATTERNS
19.4 CREATING STACKED BAR CHARTS
19.5 CREATING MEAN BARS USING GCHART
19.6 CREATING BOXPLOTS
19.6.1 Creating a Simple Boxplot
19.7 GOING DEEPER: CREATING AN INTERACTIVE BAR USING ODS
19.8 GOING DEEPER: SGPLOTS
19.9 OTHER WAYS TO CUSTOMIZE PLOTS
19.10 SUMMARY
EXERCISES
REFERENCE
CHAPTER 20 CREATING CUSTOM REPORTS
20.1 USING PROC TABULATE
20.2 USING PROC REPORT
20.2.1 Writing Reports in a Data Statement
EXERCISES
APPENDIX A OPTIONS REFERENCE
A.1 USING SAS FONTS
A.2 SPECIFYING SAS COLOR CHOICES
A.3 SPECIFYING PATTERNS FOR PROCS GPLOT AND PROC UNIVARIATE
A.4 BAR AND BLOCK PATTERNS FOR BAR CHARTS, PIE CHARTS, AND OTHER GRAPHICS
A.5 SAS LINE STYLES
A.6 USING SAS PLOTTING SYMBOLS
A.7 USING ODS STYLE ATTRIBUTES
A.8 COMMON (INPUT) INFORMATS
A.9 COMMON (OUTPUT) FORMATS
APPENDIX B SAS® FUNCTION REFERENCE
B.1 USING SAS FUNCTIONS
B.2 ARITHMETIC/MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
B.3 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
B.4 DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS
B.5 CHARACTER FUNCTIONS
B.6 TRUNCATION FUNCTIONS
B.7 FINANCIAL FUNCTIONS
B.8 SPECIAL USE FUNCTIONS
B.9 QUICK GUIDE TO SAS FUNCTIONS
APPENDIX C CHOOSING A SAS® PROCEDURE
C.1 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
C.2. COMPARISON TESTS
C.3. RELATIONAL ANALYSES (CORRELATION AND REGRESSION)
APPENDIX D SAS CODE EXAMPLES
APPENDIX E USING SAS® OnDemand for Academics WITH SAS ESSENTIALS
E.1 INSTALLING SAS OnDemand for Analytics
E.2 LIMITATIONS
E.3 SUMMARY
APPENDIX F SAS® Example BASE Exam Questions
Answers to BASE Exam Sample Test
Index
EULA