Rutherfords Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy

Cover Page
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Section 1: Basic Science
Chapter 1: Epidemiology and Research Methodology
Chapter 2: Embryology and Developmental Anatomy
Chapter 3: Vessel Wall Biology
Chapter 4: Atherosclerosis
Chapter 5: Intimal Hyperplasia
Chapter 6: Ischemia-Reperfusion
Chapter 7: Arteriogenesis and Angiogenesis
Chapter 8: Arterial Hemodynamics
Chapter 9: Venous Pathophysiology
Chapter 10: Lymphatic Pathophysiology
Section 2: Atherosclerotic Risk Factors
Chapter 11: Smoking
Chapter 12: Diabetes
Chapter 13: Hyperlipidemia
Chapter 14: Hypertension
Chapter 15: Familial Arteriosclerosis
Chapter 16: Less Commonly Considered Causes of Atherosclerosis
Chapter 17: International and Ethnic Trends in Vascular Disease
Section 3: Clinical and Vascular Laboratory Evaluation
Chapter 18: Noninvasive Vascular Laboratory Quality Assurance and Accreditation
Chapter 19: Clinical Evaluation of the Arterial System
Chapter 20: Clinical Evaluation of the Venous and Lymphatic Systems
Chapter 21: Vascular Laboratory: Arterial Physiologic Assessment
Chapter 22: Vascular Laboratory: Arterial Duplex Scanning
Chapter 23: Techniques to Assess Tissue Perfusion in Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease
Chapter 24: Vascular Laboratory: Venous Physiologic Assessment
Chapter 25: Vascular Laboratory: Venous Duplex Scanning
Section 4: Vascular Imaging
Chapter 26: Radiation Safety
Chapter 27: Arteriography
Equipment
Operating Room Versus Imaging Suite
Fixed-Mount Versus Portable Equipment
Catheters
Contrast Agents
Iodinated Contrast Agents
Carbon Dioxide Arteriography
Devices for Injection of Contrast Agents
Power Injection
Manual Injection
Techniques
Image Processing
Subtraction Tool and Masking
Pixel Shifting
View Tracing
Roadmapping and Measuring
Single-Injection Multiple-Linear Field Arteriography
Stage Technique
Stepping Technique
Limitations of Single-Injection Multiple-Field Arteriography
Rotational Arteriography
Three-Dimensional Fusion Computed Tomography
Maximizing Image Quality During Arteriography
Clinical Applications
Limitations and Risks
Sources of Error with Arteriography
Risks from Contrast Agents
Systemic Toxicity
Cardiac Toxicity
Hematologic Toxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Metformin
Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy
Limitations and Risks of CO2 Contrast
Future Advances
Selected Key References
References
Chapter 28: Venography
Chapter 29: Computed Tomography
Chapter 30: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Arteriography
Chapter 31: Vascular PET/CT and SPECT/CT
Chapter 32: Intravascular Ultrasound
Chapter 33: The Future of Imaging for Endovascular and Open Surgery
Section 5: Perioperative Care
Chapter 34: Preoperative Evaluation and Management
Chapter 35: Intraoperative Management
Chapter 36: Postoperative Management
Chapter 37: Hospital Readmissions in Vascular Surgery
Section 6: Bleeding and Clotting
Chapter 38: Normal Coagulation
Chapter 39: Disorders of Coagulation: Hemorrhage
Chapter 40: Disorders of Coagulation: Hypercoagulable States
Chapter 41: Anticoagulant Therapy
Chapter 42: Antiplatelet Agents
Chapter 43: Thrombolytic Agents
Section 7: Complications
Chapter 44: Systemic Complications: Cardiac
Chapter 45: Systemic Complications: Respiratory
Chapter 46: Systemic Complications: Renal
Chapter 47: Systemic Complications: Neurologic
Chapter 48: Graft Thrombosis
Chapter 49: Graft Infection
Chapter 50: Anastomotic Aneurysms
Chapter 51: Local Complications: Aortoenteric Fistula
Chapter 52: Local Endovascular Complications and their Management
Chapter 53: Venous Complications
Chapter 54: Local Complications: Lymphatic
Introduction
Post-Bypass Edema
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Diagnosis
Management
Prevention
Lymphatic Fistula
Etiology
Diagnosis
Management
Groin Lymphocele
Retroperitoneal Lymphocele
Diagnosis
Management
Chylous Ascites
Diagnosis
Management
Prevention
Thoracic Duct Fistula
Chylothorax
Diagnosis
Management
Prevention
Chapter Algorithm
Selected Key References
References
Section 8: Technique
Chapter 55: Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Vascular Exposure
Chapter 56: Abdominal Vascular Exposures
Chapter 57: Cerebrovascular Exposure
Chapter 58: Lower Extremity Arterial Exposure
Chapter 59: Upper Extremity Vascular Exposure
Chapter 60: Spinal Operative Exposure
Chapter 61: Open Surgical Technique
Chapter 62: Endovascular Diagnostic Technique
Chapter 63: Endovascular Therapeutic Technique
Chapter 64: Laparoscopic and Robotic Aortic Surgery
Section 9: Grafts and Devices
Chapter 65: Autogenous Grafts (Including Vein Harvest, Surgical and Endoscopic)
Chapter 66: Prosthetic Grafts
Chapter 67: Biologic Grafts
Chapter 68: Bioengineered Vascular Grafts
Chapter 69: Nonaortic Stents and Stent Grafts
Chapter 70: Novel and Evolving Aortic Endovascular Devices
Section 10: Abdominal Aortic and Iliac Aneurysms
Chapter 71: Arterial Aneurysms: Etiology, Epidemiology, and Natural History
Chapter 72: Aortoiliac Aneurysms: Evaluation, Decision Making, and Medical Management
Chapter 73: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Open Surgical Treatment
Chapter 74: Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Techniques
Chapter 75: Aortoiliac Aneurysms: Endovascular Treatment
Chapter 76: Ruptured Aortoiliac Aneurysms and their Management
Chapter 77: Isolated Iliac Artery Aneurysms and their Management
Section 11: Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections
Chapter 78: Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Etiology, Epidemiology, Natural History, Medical Management, and Decision Making
Chapter 79: Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms: Open Surgical Treatment
Chapter 80: Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: Endovascular Treatment
Chapter 81: Aortic Stent Graft and Endovascular Treatment of Thoracoabdominal and Aortic Arch Aneurysms: Strategies for Operative Repair
Chapter 82: Fenestrated and Branched Endograft Treatment of Juxtarenal, Paravisceral, Thoracoabdominal, and Aortic Arch Aneurysms: Device Selection and Technical Considerations
Chapter 83: Aortic Dissection: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Medical and Surgical Management
Chapter 84: Penetrating Aortic Ulcers
Section 12: Peripheral and Splanchnic Aneurysms
Chapter 85: Lower Extremity Aneurysms
Chapter 86: Upper Extremity Aneurysms
Chapter 87: Visceral Artery Aneurysms
Section 13: Cerebrovascular Diseases
Chapter 88: Cerebrovascular Disease: Epidemiology and Natural History
Chapter 89: Cerebrovascular Disease: The Unstable Carotid Plaque
Chapter 90: Carotid Artery Disease and Cognitive Functional Decline
Chapter 91: Cerebrovascular Disease: Diagnostic Evaluation
Chapter 92: Cerebrovascular Disease: Decision Making Including Optimal Medical Therapy
Chapter 93: Carotid Endarterectomy
Chapter 94: Carotid Artery Stenting
Chapter 95: Endovascular Management of Large Vessel Occlusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Chapter 96: Cerebrovascular Disease: Carotid Artery Dissection
Chapter 97: Carotid Artery Aneurysms
Chapter 98: Carotid Body Tumors
Chapter 99: Unusual Carotid Artery Conditions
Chapter 100: Vertebral Artery Dissection and Other Conditions
Chapter 101: Brachiocephalic Artery Disease: Surgical Treatment
Chapter 102: Brachiocephalic Artery Disease: Endovascular Management
Section 14: Acute Limb Ischemia
Chapter 103: Acute Limb Ischemia: Evaluation, Decision Making, and Medical Treatment
Chapter 104: Acute Limb Ischemia: Surgical and Endovascular Treatment
Chapter 105: Compartment Syndrome and its Management
Chapter 106: Atheromatous Embolization and its Management
Section 15: Lower Extremity Chronic Arterial Disease
Chapter 107: Lower Extremity Arterial Occlusive Disease: Epidemiology and Natural History
Epidemiology of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Incidence and Prevalence
Risk Factors
Demographics
Smoking
Diabetes
Hypertension
Dyslipidemia
Obesity
Inflammation
Homocysteine
Socioeconomic Status
Anatomic Distribution of Disease and Clinical Correlations
Clinical Syndromes of Peripheral Arterial Disease, Staging and Natural History
Asymptomatic Disease
Intermittent Claudication
Acute and Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Screening for Peripheral Arterial Disease
Surveillance of Peripheral Arterial Disease Patients with Established Disease
Selected Key References
References
Chapter 108: Lower Extremity Arterial Disease: Decision Making and Medical Treatment
Chapter 109: Aortoiliac Disease: Direct Reconstruction
Chapter 110: Aortoiliac Disease: Open Extra-Anatomic Bypass
Chapter 111: Aortoiliac Disease: Endovascular Treatment
Chapter 112: Infrainguinal Disease: Surgical Treatment
Chapter 113: Infrainguinal Disease: Endovascular Therapy
Chapter 114: Lower Extremity Amputations: Epidemiology, Procedure Selection, and Rehabilitation Outcomes
Chapter 115: Lower Extremity Amputations: Operative Techniques and Results
Section 16: the Diabetic Foot and Its Management
Chapter 116: General Considerations of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Chapter 117: Diabetic Foot Abnormalities and their Management
Chapter 118: Wound Care
Chapter 119: Podiatric and Vascular Teams
Section 17: Upper Extremity Arterial Disease
Chapter 120: Upper Extremity Arterial Disease: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Diagnostic Evaluation
Chapter 121: Upper Extremity Arterial Disease: Medical, Endovascular, and Open Surgical Management
Chapter 122: Upper Extremity Arterial Disease: Amputation
Section 18: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Chapter 123: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Evaluation
Chapter 124: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Neurogenic
Chapter 125: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Arterial
Chapter 126: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Venous
Section 19: Renovascular Disease
Chapter 127: Renovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Medical Management
Chapter 128: Renovascular Disease: Open Surgical Treatment
Introduction
Indications for Surgical Repair
Open Operative Strategy
Operative Exposure
Midline Exposure
Flank Exposure
Direct Surgical Techniques
Aortorenal Bypass
Thromboendarterectomy
Reimplantation
Indirect Surgical Techniques
Splanchnic–Renal Bypass
Hepatorenal Bypass
Splenorenal Bypass
Ex Vivo Reconstruction
Intraoperative Asessment
Intraoperative Duplex Sonography
Results of Open Operative Management
Anatomic Results
Operative Morbidity and Mortality
Blood Pressure Response
Hypertension and Renal Function Benefit:Clinical Outcome
Consequence of Failed Open Renal ArteryRepair
Chapter Algorithm
Selected Key References
References
Chapter 129: Renovascular Disease: Endovascular Treatment
Chapter 130: Renovascular Disease: Acute Occlusive and Ischemic Events
Chapter 131: Renovascular Disease: Aneurysms and Arteriovenous Fistulae
Chapter 132: Renovascular and Aortic Developmental Disorders
Section 20: Mesenteric Vascular Disease
Chapter 133: Acute Mesenteric Ischemia: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Evaluation, and Management
Chapter 134: Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Evaluation, and Management
Chapter 135: Mesenteric Arterial Dissection
Chapter 136: Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Chapter 137: Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis
Section 21: Nonatherosclerotic Arterial Diseases
Chapter 138: Vasculitis and Other Uncommon Arteriopathies
Chapter 139: Thromboangiitis Obliterans
Chapter 140: Takayasu Arteritis
Chapter 141: Aneurysms Caused by Connective Tissue Abnormalities
Chapter 142: Raynaud Phenomenon
Chapter 143: Fibromuscular Dysplasia
Chapter 144: Nonatheromatous Popliteal Artery Disease
Chapter 145: Infected Arterial Aneurysms
Section 22: Acute Venous Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 146: Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis: Epidemiology and Natural History
Chapter 147: Venous Thromboembolic Disease: Mechanical and Pharmacologic Prophylaxis
Chapter 148: Acute Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis:Presentation, Diagnosis, and Medical Treatment
Chapter 149: Acute Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis: Surgical and Interventional Treatment
Chapter 150: Acute Upper Extremity and Catheter-Related Venous Thrombosis
Chapter 151: Superficial Thrombophlebitis and its Management
Chapter 152: Pulmonary Embolism: Presentation, Natural History, and Treatment
Chapter 153: Vena Cava Interruption
Section 23: Chronic Venous Disorders
Chapter 154: Varicose Veins: Surgical Treatment
Chapter 155: Varicose Veins: Endovenous Ablation and Sclerotherapy
Chapter 156: Postthrombotic Syndrome: Natural History, Pathophysiology, and Etiology
Chapter 157: Treatment of Chronic Venous Disorders
Chapter 158: Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Treatment of Perforator Vein Incompetence
Chapter 159: Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Deep Vein Valve Reconstruction
Chapter 160: Iliocaval Venous Obstruction: Surgical Treatment
Chapter 161: Iliocaval Venous Obstruction: Endovascular Treatment
Section 24: Miscellaneous Venous Conditions
Chapter 162: Superior Vena Cava Occlusion and Management
Chapter 163: Congenital Occlusion/Absence of Inferior Vena Cava
Chapter 164: Portal Hypertension
Chapter 165: Nutcracker Syndrome
Chapter 166: Venous Aneurysms and their Management
Section 25: Lymphedema
Chapter 167: Lymphedema: Evaluation and Decision Making
Chapter 168: Lymphedema: Nonoperative Treatment
Chapter 169: Lymphedema: Surgical Treatment
Section 26: Vascular Malformations
Chapter 170: Congenital Vascular Malformations: General Considerations
Chapter 171: Congenital Vascular Malformations: Surgical Management
Chapter 172: Congenital Vascular Malformations: Endovascular Management
Chapter 173: Acquired Arteriovenous Fistulas
Section 27: Hemodialysis Access
Chapter 174: Hemodialysis Access: General Considerations and Strategies to Optimize Access Placement
Chapter 175: Hemodialysis Access: Complex
Chapter 176: Hemodialysis Access: Dialysis Catheters
Chapter 177: Hemodialysis Access: Failing and Thrombosed
Chapter 178: Hemodialysis Access: Nonthrombotic Complications
Section 28: Vascular Trauma
Chapter 179: Vascular Trauma: Epidemiology and Natural History
Chapter 180: Vascular Trauma: Head and Neck
Chapter 181: Thoracic Vascular Trauma
Chapter 182: Vascular Trauma: Abdominal
Chapter 183: Vascular Trauma: Extremity
Chapter 184: Conditions Arising from Repetitive Trauma and Occupational Vascular Problems
Section 29: Special Issues in Pediatric Vascular Surgery
Chapter 185: Special Techniques in Pediatric Vascular Surgery
Chapter 186: Aortic and Arterial Aneurysms in the Pediatric Population
Chapter 187: Pediatric Vascular Tumors
Chapter 188: Vascular Trauma in the Pediatric Population
Chapter 189: Placement of Arteriovenous Dialysis Access and Central Catheters in the Pediatric Patient
Chapter 190: Acute Pediatric Arterial Occlusion
Section 30: Miscellaneous Conditions
Chapter 191: Erectile Dysfunction
Chapter 192: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Chapter 193: Current Role of Sympathectomy (Upper and Lower)
Chapter 194: Abdominal Vascular Tumors and their Management
Chapter 195: Vascular Reconstruction in Oncologic Surgery
Chapter 196: Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome
Section 31: Business of Vascular Surgery
Chapter 197: Development of a Multispecialty Practice and Operation of Multispecialty Cardiovascular Centers
Chapter 198: Development and Successful Operation of an Outpatient Vascular Center
Chapter 199: Development and Operation of Outpatient Dialysis Access Centers
Chapter 200: Alternative Payment Modelsin Vascular Surgery
Chapter 201: Improving Quality and the Value of a Vascular Registry to the Practice
Chapter 202: Health and Wellness for the Vascular Surgeon
Section 32: the Use of Technology Platforms and
Chapter 203: Online Branding and Marketing a Vascular Surgery Practice
Chapter 204: Telemedicine in Vascular Surgery Practice
Chapter 205: Internet-Based Surveillance of Vascular Disease and Reconstructions
Chapter 206: Social Media in Vascular Surgery
Chapter 207: The Quality and Fidelity of Vascular Information on the Internet
Internet for Patient Education
Internet for Physician Education
Training Program Website for Recruitment
YouTube as Preparation Resource
e-Learning
Internet for Physician Rating and Specialty Rating
Internet and Brand
Conclusion
Selected Key References
References