Robotics for Cell Manipulation and Characterization

Cover
FrMa00055281840
Copyright
Preface
Contributors
Robotic cell manipulation
Introduction of robotics for cell manipulation and characterization
Introduction
Robotic cell manipulation
Robotic end effectors
Micropipettes
AFM probes
Microgrippers
Field-driven manipulation
Magnetic manipulation
Optical manipulation
Acoustic manipulation
Electric manipulation
Fluidic manipulation
Robotic cell characterization
Mechanical characterization
Intracellular structure characterization
Summary and outlook
References
Robotic cell injection with force sensing and control
Introduction
Conventional manual microinjection
Robotic cell microinjection
Force-assisted robotic cell microinjection
Microinjection of adherent cells
Microinjection of suspended cells
Requirement of suspended cell injection
Robotic microinjection system for suspended cells
Force-assisted robotic microinjection of suspended cells
Microforce sensors for cell microinjection
Vision-based force sensors
Image processing for vision-based force sensor
Cell model for vision-based force sensor
Advantages and limitations
Capacitive force sensors
Optical-based force sensors
Piezoresistive force sensors
Piezoelectric force sensors
Comparison of the force sensors
Current challenges of cell microinjection and future development
Microinjector design
Injection control design
Cell holder design
Penetration scheme design
Microinjection pipette maintenance
Issue of injection volume
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Robotic orientation control and enucleation of cells
Introduction
Robotic orientation control of cells
Cell rotation based on magnetic fields
Noninvasive manipulation
Invasive manipulation
Cell rotation based on acoustic fields
Cell rotation in SAW-based devices
Cell rotation in BAW-based devices
Cell rotation based on AC E-field in optoelectronic tweezers
Cell rotation in a rotational AC electric field
Cell rotation in an irrotational AC electric field
Robotic enucleation of cells
Introduction of robotic enucleation
Microrobots for enucleation
Future directions of robotic cell enucleation
Conclusion and perspectives
References
Robotic cell manipulation for in vitro fertilization
Introduction
Robotic end-effector alignment for sperm immobilization
Robotic rotation of sperm as deformable linear objects
Robotic orientation control of deformable oocyte
Robotic cell penetration with piezo drill
Summary
References
Robotic cell transport for tissue engineering
Introduction
Robotic transport for cell isolating and positioning
Pick and place strategy
Wireless actuation strategy
Robotic transport for fabrication and assembly of cellular modules
Cell encapsulation
Photolithography
Microfluidic formation methods
Cellular micromodule transport for 3D tissue assembly
Mechanically actuated assembly
Field-actuated assembly
Self-assembly
Summary
Acknowledgment
References
Robotic cell biopsy for disease diagnosis
Introduction
Generic small cell biopsy system
System development
Cell patterning
Cell compression for organelle positioning
Cell biopsy process
Procedures of automatic organelle extraction and release
Motion control
Biological tests
Experiments
Material preparation
Organelle extraction
Biological tests on extracted organelles and the remaining cells
Conclusions
References
3D force-feedback optical tweezers for experimental biology
Robotic bio-manipulation
Contact methods for robotic bio-manipulation
External energy-fields for robotic bio-manipulation
Optical micromanipulation
Principle and development of optical tweezers
Biological applications of optical manipulation
Optical manipulation setups
Force measurement in optical traps
Position control in optical traps
3D real-time force sensing in optical manipulation
Background and related work
Asynchronous time-based image sensor
System description
3D tracking
Evaluation of tracking
Range and resolution
Robustness
Computational load
3D haptic feedback optical tweezers
Haptic coupling
Calibration
3D haptic experiments on biologic samples
Z-axis haptic feedback
3D haptic exploration
References
Magnetically driven robots for clinical treatment
Introduction
Actuating microrobots using magnetic fields
Gradient magnetic fields
Rotating magnetic fields
Oscillating magnetic fields
Other forms of magnetic fields
Clinical applications for microrobots
Dealing with physiological environments
Tracking using medical imaging devices
Microrobots for clinical operations
Conclusion
References
Robotic cell characterization
Robotic cell electrophysiological characterization for drug discovery
Introduction
The current state-of-the-art robotics for electrophysiology characterization
The patcherBot framework
The novel features of the patcherBot and the patcherBotpharma
patcherBotpharma implementation and performance
patcherBotPharma performance: A case study
Discussion
References
Automated cell aspiration for genetic and mechanical analysis
Introduction
Automated cell aspiration for mechanical analysis
Measured cell capture
Pressure control in the micropipette
Visual detection of cellular geometric parameters
Mechanical analysis based on cellular deformation
Automated cell aspiration for genetic analysis
Visual detection of subcellular structures
Aspiration volume control from cells
Conclusion and outlook
References
Cell characterization by nanonewton force sensing
Introduction
Techniques for sensing cell-generated forces
Traction force microscopy
Atomic force microscopy
Optical and magnetic tweezers
Microfabricated structures from MEMS
Internal molecular sensors for detecting cell-generated forces
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) tension sensor
DNA-based tension sensors
Tension gauge tethers
DNA hairpin force probes
Concluding remarks
References
Cellular mechanical measurement by magnetic micro/nanorobots
Introduction
Cell mechanics
Techniques measuring cell mechanics: State of art
Principles of magnetic actuation
Magnetic materials and nanoparticles
Magnetic actuation on a single magnetic nanoparticle
Magnetic systems for magnetic actuation
Magnetic measurement of cellular and intracellular structure mechanics
Cell mechanics and rheological properties
Mechanical properties of nucleus
Mechanical properties of cytoskeleton, motor proteins, and DNA strands
Summary and outlook
References
Nanorobotics for investigating cell mechanics based on atomic force microscopy
Background
Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanomanipulator
Methodology of characterizing cellular mechanics by AFM nanomanipulator
Applications of AFM nanomanipulator in detecting cell mechanics
Combining AFM nanorobotics with micropipette for precise drug-induced cellular mechanical analysis
Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Robotic manipulation of zebrafish larvae for disease therapy
Introduction
Robotic transportation
Robotic immobilization
Robotic orientation
Robotic injection
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Acoustic field techniques for cell characterization in health monitoring
Introduction
Acoustic techniques
Acoustic traveling wave
Acoustic standing wave
Acoustic streaming
Focused ultrasound
Holographic acoustic tweezers
Surface acoustic waves
Ultrasound imaging
Cell analysis
Cell separation and concentration
Cell patterning, cultivating, and intercellular interaction
Cell sonoporation, transfection, and rotation
Cell mechanical characterization
Current challenges and future direction
References
Separation and characterization of cells using electrical field
Introduction
Theoretical background
Cell sorting using the electric field
Cell characterization
Conclusion and future perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Index