Roads and Airports Pavement Surface Characteristics

Cover
Table of Contents
Preface
Chairman’s Note
Chair & Committees
Hosting Institution
Sponsors
Patronages
Advanced and performing construction methods and equipments
Improved accelerated ageing of asphalt samples in the laboratory
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.1.1 Asphalt and binder ageing
1.1.2 Asphalt mixture applications
1.1.3 Accelerated ageing protocols
2 Discussion
2.1 Ageing of binders or mixtures
2.2 Replicating field ageing conditions
2.3 Representative ageing protocols
2.4 Indicators of ageing
3 Conclusion
References
Optimization of reinstating drill core holes – laboratory investigation and accelerated pavement testing
1 Introduction
2 Different Drill Core Reinstatement Variants
2.1 Laboratory evaluation
2.1.1 Concept
2.1.2 Durability tests
2.1.3 Leakage tests
2.1.4 Findings
2.1.5 Full-scale test
2.1.6 Long-time evaluation
2.1.7 Accelerated pavement testing
3 Summary
References
Comparative investigation on the use of fibers into porous bituminous mixtures
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review and Scope
3 Experimentation
3.1 Key materials
3.2 Experimental plan
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Compaction properties
4.2 Volumetric characteristics
4.3 Mechanical performances
4.4 Functional performances
5 Conclusions
References
Innovative cement-based material as environmental and efficient technical alternative for pavements
1 Background
2 Preliminary Laboratory Evaluation
3 In-Situ Experiences
3.1 In plant production and laying down operation
3.2 Trial section 1 and 2
3.3 Trial section 3
3.4 Trial section 4 – work in progress
4 Conclusions and Discussion
References
Field evaluation of different rollers effect on the compaction of hot mix asphalt overlays using an electromagnetic densitometer
1 Introduction
2 Objective
3 Instruments
4 Materials
5 Test Methods
5.1 Saturated Surface Dry (SSD)
5.2 Calibration of electromagnetic densitometer
5.3 Main operation procedure
6 Result and Discussion
6.1 Babaei Highway results
6.2 Meygoon road results
7 Conclusion
References
The use of aggregates with different resistance to polishing in wearing courses
1 Introduction
2 Designed Asphalt Mixtures
2.1 SMA 11
2.2 AC 11
3 Friction After Polishing and Longitudinal Friction Coefficient Measurements
3.1 SMA 11
3.2 AC 11
4 Conclusion
References
Experimental analysis of asphalt concrete modified with polymeric compounds including steel slags as an alternative to basaltic aggregates
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Aggregates
2.2 Bitumen
2.3 Polymeric compound and additive
2.4 Mix-design and performance tests
3 Experimental Results
4 Discussions and Conclusions
References
Grip mastic asphalt – high friction asphalt for wearing course with the addition of steel slag
1 Introduction
2 Overview of the Available Solutions to Improve Adherence
3 Alternative Solutions for High Adhesion Wearing Course
4 The Grip Mastic Asphalt (GMA)
4.1 The field section
4.2 Field measurements of the adherence with GMA
4.2.1 First analysis
4.3 Cost analysis of the GMA
5 Conclusions
References
Development of new method for detecting partial deformation and subsidence of porous asphalt surface layer and examination of new management criteria
1 Characteristics of Porous Asphalt Mixture
2 Effects and Peculiar Deformation of Porous Asphalt Pavement
2.1 Traffic safety effect
2.2 Noise reducing effect
3 Damage Caused by Stripping of Base Course Layer
4 Pavement Management Criteria
5 Deformations Requiring Repairs And Management Method of Porous Asphalt Pavement
6 Issues Facing Road Surface Management of Porous Asphalt Pavement
7 Examining Evaluation Method of Partial Deformation of Porous Asphalt Pavement
7.1 Creating three-dimensional point cloud data with transvers profile
7.2 Method for aggregating the amount of change in three-dimensional point cloud data
7.3 Examination of visualization method
7.4 Confirmation of coloring pattern according to standard deviation (&x003C3;) of road surface height
8 Verification of Evaluation Method for Partial Deformation of Porous Asphalt Pavement
9 Study of Management Criteria (Draft) by Standard Deviation (&x003A3;) of Road Surface Height
10 Examination of Repair Plan (Draft) Applying Standard Deviation (&x003A3;) of Road Surface Height
11 Summary
12 Conclusion
References
Next generation mobility (light, electrical, autonomous)
Rutting effects on electrified asphalt roads embedding electric
vehicles charging units
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Objectives
4 Rutting Resistance: General Approach
4.1 Methodology
4.2 Results and discussion
5 Rutting Resistance: a Case Study
5.1 Methodology
5.2 Results and discussion
6 Conclusions
References
Transparent communication and improvement of cycle path maintenance for an increase in bicycle use
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Setting
2.2 Guided interviews with those in charge of cycle path maintenance
2.3 Online user survey
3 Results
3.1 Results of the interviews
3.2 Results of the online user survey
3.3 Lessons learnt from both surveys
3.4 Results of the measures applied until now
4 Discussion
References
Freeway interchanges maintenance operations. Preliminary safety analysis of connected automated vehicles impact on road traffic
1 Introduction
2 Related Research
3 Data Collection and Methodology
3.1 Vissim analysis
3.2 Connected Automated Vehicles (CAVs) introduction
3.3 Traffic conflict analysis
4 Findings and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Safety aspects of e-scooters in urban areas: Preliminary results on citizens&x02019; perception, users&x02019; behavior and role of pavement
1 Introduction
2 Goals and Literature Review
3 Investigation Methods
3.1 Italian citizens&x02019; opinion on e-scooters&x02019; effects on urban mobility safety
3.2 On-site observation of e-scooter users&x02019; behavior in Milan
3.3 E-scooters-pavement interaction by field tests.
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Italian citizens&x02019; opinion on e-scooters&x02019; effects on urban mobility safety
4.2 On-site observation of e-scooter users&x02019; behavior in Milan
4.3 E-scooters-pavement interaction by field tests
5 Conclusions
References
Indirect IRI estimation through smart tyre technology
1 Introduction
1.1 IRI
1.2 Smart tyre
2 Methodology
3 Testing Campaign
4 Results
5 Conclusion
References
Inductive systems for electric vehicles: Optimization of the charging units embedded into road pavement
1 Introduction and Literature Review
2 Objectives
3 Optimization of Void CU Shape and Dimension
4 Structural response of e-road_void CU
5 Conclusions
References
Data monitoring and performance assessment
Probe vehicle data as input source for road maintenance
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Probe Vehicle Data Eco-System
3.1 In-vehicle measurements
3.2 Road roughness
3.3 Road obstacles
3.4 Road friction measurements
3.5 Data transfer to the cloud
3.6 Cloud processing
3.7 Data aggregation - Road roughness
3.8 Data aggregation - Road obstacles
3.9 Data aggregation - Slippery when wet
3.10 Data verification and validation
4 Nira Solutions
4.1 Current road state - Inventory
4.2 Road state trend – Deviation detection
4.3 Viaduct – Broken drainage
4.3 Alerts – Highlight
5 Conclusions
References
Analysis and visualization for pavement condition assessment using network-level survey data
1 Background
2 Network Referencing System and Data Formats
3 Safety Condition Assessment
3.1 Different types of asphalt mixes used in Singapore
3.2 Data analysis and visualisation of skid resistance
3.3 Case study on skid resistance performance of different asphalt mixes on expressways
4 Structural Condition Assessment
4.1 Identification of hotspots using the LCMS and FWD data
4.2 Comparison of measured FWD deflections with the 3D numerical simulation
5 Summary
References
Simplified road pavement surface deterioration model in urban area
1 Introduction
2 Data Description and Research Method
2.1 Overview of the research method
2.2 Road section
2.3 Distresses evaluation
2.4 Road pavement structure characterization
2.5 Road pavement age
2.6 Traffic demand
2.7 Data analysis
2.8 Distress trend model fitting
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Road asset management with a mobile game and artificial intelligence
1 Introduction
2 Data Collection and Processing
2.1 Current methodology
2.2 Implementation of pilot measurements
2.3 Defect detection using Artificial Intelligence
3 Results
3.1 Survey results
3.2 Control survey
3.3 Road user needs
3.4 New condition index
3.5 Maintenance planning
4 Conclusions
References
Comprehensive road infrastructure measurements – The solution for the next generation sustainable road infrastructure
1 Introduction – Better Roads Equals Safer Roads
1.1 The challenges today for a sustainable road infrastructure
1.2 What are Comprehensive measurements
1.3 Measuring pavement structural condition
2 Measuring Pavement Surface Condition
2.1 Automatic Crack Detection (ACD)
2.2 ACD systems pavement profiling
2.3 Digital laser profile measurement
2.4 Digital imagery
2.5 Handling BIG data
2.6 Data processing
2.7 Visual assessment of collected data
2.8 Advanced filtering of road network data
2.9 How does Comprehensive measurements support selective UN 2030 goals?
2.10 Address road safety whilst utilising the iPAVe
3 Conclusion
References
Comparison of bearing capacity measurements with the Traffic Speed Deflectometer (TSD) and surface characteristics on intra-urban roads in Germany
1 Introduction
2 Structural Performance of the Pavement
3 Measurement System and Data Processing
4 Investigation of Possible Influences of Vehicle Dynamics on the Measurement Results
5 Repeatability of the Measurements
6 Evaluation of Bearing Capacity
7 Example for the Evaluation of the Individual Road Classes
8 Summary and Outlook
References
The fundamental characteristics of sideway-force skid resistance measurement devices
1 Introduction
2 The Sideway-Force Coefficient Route Investigation Machine
3 Nomenclature
4 Generation of Hypotheses
5 Experimentally Challenging the Hypotheses
5.1 Equipment used
5.2 Materials assessed and measurements made
5.3 Data assessment and results
6 Conclusions, Discussion and Recommendations for Future Work
References
Alternative methods of road condition monitoring
1 Research Gap and Motivation
2 Condition Characteristics of an Asphalt Road
3 Qualification of the Gopro as a Measuring System
4 Performing Measurements with the Gopro
5 Output Data From The Gopro
6 Synchronisation of Acceleration and GPS Data
7 Evaluation of the Data
8 Conclusion and Outlook
References
The multi-speed deflectometer: New technology developed for traffic-speed non-destructive structural testing of pavements
1 Introduction
2 Comparison of Tsd, Fwd and Msd
3 Msd Design Objectives
4 Msd Data Collection And Rationale For Interpretation
5 Msd Outputs
5.1 Basic MSD outputs
5.2 Empirical MSD outputs
5.3 Developmental MSD outputs
6 MSD CASE HISTORIES
6.1 Auckland transport, Auckland, New Zealand
6.2 Rome municipality, Rome, Italy
6.3 Florence municipality, Florence, Italy
7 Conclusions
References
Road condition monitoring and assessment in Germany – how to use the data for pavement analysis
1 Introduction
2 Road Monitoring and Assessment
2.1 Measurement techniques and condition parameters
2.1.1 Longitudinal and transverse evenness
2.1.2 Skid-resistance
2.1.3 Surface damages
2.2 Quality assurance
2.3 Method of assessment and data management
3 Development of the Road Surface Condition as a Decision-Making Aid for Network Managers
4 Summary and Conclusions
References
Human-centered evaluation with biosignals for localized surface roughness on expressway pavements
1 Introduction
2 Overview of Complaint and Road Surface Condition
2.1 Distribution of road surface-related complaints
2.2 Target road surface
3 DRIVING SIMULATOR EXPERIMENT
3.1 Apparatus
3.2 Biosignals interpretation
3.3 Test scenario
4 Road Surface Evaluation Method
4.1 Analysis of two gaps
4.2 Analysis of road surface characteristics associated with mental stress
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Gaps between maintenance criteria and rating of users
5.2 Road surface characteristics associated with mental stress
6 Conclusions
References
Surface features and performances
Medium to long term stockpiling performance of bitumen
stabilized materials
1 Introduction
2 Current Bsm Specifications
3 Experimental Setup
4 Experimental Results &x00026; Discussion
4.1 Shear properties
4.2 Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS)
4.3 Dissipated energy (Flexibility)
5 Conclusions &x00026; Recommendations
References
A correlation between laser-based device and close range photogrammetry technique for road pavement macrotexture estimation
1 Introduction
2 Brief Overview on Macrotexture Estimation
3 Basic Principles of Photogrammetry
4 Experimental Campaign
5 Analysis of the Results
6 Conclusions
References
Skid resistance and braking distance revisited – The case of grinding
1 Motivation
2 Experimental Design
3 Setup Brake Tests
3.1 Planning
3.2 Hardware
4 Setup Skid Resistance Measurements
5 Realisation Of The Brake Tests And Skid Resistance Measurements
6 Analysis
6.1 Brake tests
6.2 Skid resistance
6.3 Relationship between skid resistance and braking distance
7 Conclusions
References
A methodology to assist in the management of friction supply on the Irish national road network
1 Introduction
2 Models and data Used
2.1 The point mass model
2.2 Variables included in the model
2.3 Pavement data
2.4 Investigatory level and the friction residual
2.5 Operating speed model
3 Practical Application
3.1 Case study
4 Conclusions
References
Reference calculations and implementation of mean profile depth
1 Introduction
2 Purpose of the Study
3 The Mpd Standard – A Historical View
4 The Mpd Calculation Principles
5 Results
6 Conclusions
7 Discussion
References
Pavement friction characterization with the Wehner &x00026; Schulze (W&x00026;S) machine
1 Introduction
1.1 W&x00026;S machine and skid resistance
1.2 The main studies carried out with the W&x00026;S machine
2 Materials and Procedures
3 The Main Role of The 6/10 Aggregates
4 The Main Role Of The 0/6 Aggregates
5 Study of d. Zhao adhesion prediction model: limitations and potential for improvement
Conclusion
References
Improving the understanding of user experience of ride quality
1 Introduction
2 A Methodology for Quantifying User Experience of Ride Quality
3 User Trial Design
4 The User Trials
5 Findings
5.1 Effect of demographic / group
5.2 A representative user rating of roughness for each length
5.3 Comparison between user ratings of roughness and profile
5.4 A representative user rating of bumpiness for each length
5.5 Comparison between user ratings of bumpiness and profile
5.6 Rating and identifying lengths users would consider to have poor ride quality
6 Conclusions
References
Are there new ways to improve the asphalt mixtures&x00027; surface functions? For sure! By functionalization process
1 Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1 Asphalt mixture
2.2 Particles characteristics
2.3 Sampling
2.4 Functionalization procedure
2.5 Analysis procedure
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusions
References
Characterization of surface roughness on the basis of vibration response corresponding to the ride quality of micromobilities
1 Introduction
2 Tested Road Surfaces
3 Apparatus
4 Relationship Between Acceleration and Texture
5 Frequency Response Function
5.1 Electric standing scooters
5.2 Handle-type and joystick-type four-wheel mobility scooters
5.3 Human-powered bicycles
6 Discussion
7 Conclusions
References
How modern petrographic analysis of roadstone aggregate can provide a better understanding of their frictional properties
1 Introduction
2 Methodologies
2.1 Mechanical testing
2.2 Digital metrology (microtexture measurements)
2.3 Raman spectroscopy
3. Results
3.1 Mechanical testing
3.2 Digital metrology
3.3 Petrography/Raman spectroscopy
4 Discussion
5 Summary
References
Evaluation of the application of tailing from magnesite extraction in pavement by adhesion properties
1 Contextualization
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusions
References
Raveling algorithm for PA and SMA on 3D data
1 Introduction
1.1 Dutch highway network
1.2 Raveling measurement systems
1.3 3D data
2 Raveling Algorithm
2.1 Correcting the 3D data
2.1.1 Fill missing data points
2.1.2 Flattening
2.1.3 Removing outliers
2.1.4 Zero levelling
2.1.5 Resampling
2.1.6 Remarks
2.2 Raveling computation – coin algorithm
3 RESULTS
3.1 Porous asphalt
3.2 Stone mastic asphalt
3.3 Correlation to visual inspections
3.4 Repeatability and reproducibility
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Analysis of road damage with computer-vision based drive-by system
1 Introduction
2 Data Harvesting
3 Data Coverage
3.1 Discussions about the road coverage
4 Road Damage Distribution
5 Conclusions
References
The relationship between surface defects and structural distress on a 50-year-old Japanese toll road
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Cut-Open Research
4 Time-History of Surface Characteristics
5 Summary and Conclusion
References
Evaluation of porous asphalt hydrological performances through rainfall-runoff modelling by EPA SWMM
1 Introduction
2 Porous Asphalt (PA)
3 Numerical Model
3.1 EPA SWMM model
3.2 The case study
3.3 Rainfall events
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
Funding
References
Maintenance and preservation treatments
Thermal performance of ultrathin multi-functional overlay
1 Introduction
2 Research Objective and Approach
2.1 Summary of the experimental tests
2.1.1 Adhesion capability
2.1.2 Mechanical performance
2.1.3 Stiffness under hot/cold cycles
2.1.4 Skid resistance
2.1.5 Tenacity
2.1.6 Laying technique
3 Thermal Analysis
4 Conclusion
References
Shrinkage crack induction for the study of repair agents in rigid pavements
1 Introduction
2 Background – Fundamentals
2.1 Plastic shrinkage cracks
2.2 Experimental methods for crack induction
2.3 Non-destructive analysis with computerized tomography
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Preliminary tests
3.2 Design and construction of wind tunnel for environmental conditions simulation
3.3 Design and construction of moulds for sample preparation
3.4 Mix design
3.5 Cracking characterization by means of CT scans
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Preliminary test analysis
4.2 Defining the optimal cracking conditions in the laboratory
4.3 Proposed protocol for the preparation of shrinkage-cracked mortar specimens
4.4 Characterization of shrinkage cracks by computed tomography
5 Concluding Remarks
References
Review and analysis of prediction models for as-built roughness in asphalt overlay rehabilitations
1 Introduction
2 Factors Affecting As-Built Roughness
3 As-Built Roughness Prediction Models
3.1 Basic surface preparation (no milling)
3.2 Intensive surface preparation
3.3 As-built prediction models analysis
3.4 Practical application and potential limitations
4 Conclusions
References
Laboratory and field evaluation of modified micro-surfacing to improve durability and lowering destructive environmental impacts
1 Introduction
2 Objective
3 Material Selection and Mix Design Method
3.1 Material
3.1.1 Aggregate
3.1.2 Emulsion
3.1.3 Additives
3.1.4 Mineral filler
3.2 Mix design
4 Test Methods
4.1 Cohesion
4.2 Loaded Wheel Test (LWT)
4.3 Wet-Track Abrasion Loss test (WTAT)
5 Laboratory Test Results
6 Field Evaluation
7 Conclusion
References
Use of traffic-speed ravelling data for the resurfacing intervention on open graded asphalt
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Objectives
2 Literature Review
2.1 Available laser technologies
3 Data Collection and the Calculation of the Ravelling Index
4 Methodology
4.1 Trial study
4.1.1 Trial study conclusions and recommendations
4.2 Development of surface age-based ravelling progression model
4.2.1 Collection of ravelling data
4.2.2 Determination of characteristic ravelling index value
4.2.3 Analysis of network-wide ravelling
4.2.4 Progression of ravelling index
4.2.5 Initial ravelling index value
4.2.6 Ravelling index value at failure
4.3 Model validation
5 Conclusions
6 Recommendations
Acknowledgements
References
Pavement management
Estimation of pavement maintenance backlog and use in
decision-making
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1.2 Road maintenance backlog in Finland
1.3 Research questions for this study
2 Methodology
2.1 Selection of the search strategy
3 RESULTS
3.1 Literature search
3.2 Maintenance backlog issues in road maintenance
3.2.1 Definition of maintenance backlog
3.2.2 Further use of MB in road sector
3.3 Definition of maintenance backlog in other industries
4 CONCLUSION
5 DISCUSSION
References
Definition of a low-cost pavement management method based on a dual analytic hierarchy process
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Activity 1: Definition of a manual for road distress classification
2.2 Activity 2: Computation of the Road Condition Index (RCI)
2.3 Activity 3: Computation of the Maintenance Priority Index (MPI)
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Innovation pathways within road performance management to upgrade investment analysis: A walkthrough of New Zealand and Philippine resilience landscapes
1 Introduction: Where Road Performance and Asset Management Meet Resilience
2 Context: Road Networks and Resilience In New Zealand and The Philippines
3 Motivation / Problem Statement: Call For Upgraded Investment Analysis
4 Aim and Objectives: Thinking About Future Life-Cycle Analysis Needs
5 Methodology: Review and Conceptualisation For Real-World Application
6 Results and Analysis: How To Mainstream Resilience Performance Along The Path To Sustainability
6.1 Mainstreaming resilience in asset management
6.2 Asset management practices in New Zealand and the Philippines
6.3 Conceptual performance framework
6.3.1 Vulnerability and functionality
6.3.2 Stakeholder values and criticalities
7 Discussion: Sample Resilience Performance Areas and Potential Implementation Mechanisms
8 Conclusion: Upgrading Investment Analysis By Mainstreaming Resilience Performance In Asset Management
References
Predicting the coefficient of friction as a support tool for decision- making in pavement management system
1 Background
2 Literature Review
2.1 Artificial Neural Networks
3 Methodology
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
BIM method for municipal pavement
1 Introduction
2 Related Work and Background
3 Preparation of the BIM Pilot Project
3.1 Planned approach
3.2 Process analysis
4 Use Cases and BIM
5 Project Documentation
6 Summary and Conclusion
References
Economic and political strategies
Achieving performance in major public infrastructure projects:
The case of road works in Senegal
1 Introduction
2 Conceptual Framework for Strategic Analysis of the Performance of a Road Project
2.1 What is a road project?
2.2 Who are the stakeholders of the road project?
2.3 What is the performance of the road project?
3 Epistemology and Methodology of Research
3.1 Epistemology of research
3.2 Research methodology
3.3 Diagnosis of the performance of road projects
3.4 Empirical investigation to understand the problem
3.5 Development of managerial recommendations
4 Presentation of the Results of the Research
4.1 Results of the diagnosis of project implementation
4.2 Results from the interview analysis
4.2.1 Lexical analysis
4.2.2 Semantic analysis
4.2.3 Construction of a targeted thesaurus
5 Managerial Recommendations
6 Conclusion
References
Pavements, energy efficient actors in public lighting
1 Introduction
1.1 Pavements and lighting context
1.2 Pavements and light work group
2 Basics Knowledge
2.1 Road photometry
2.2 Road lighting
3 Methodology of the Study
3.1 Pavements library constitution
3.2 Gonioreflectometer test campaign
3.2.1 Device presentation
3.2.2 Test campaign presentation
3.3 Lighting simulation parameters
4 Results
4.1 Photometry results
4.1.1 General analysis
4.1.2 Binder and finishes impacts
4.2 Lighting simulation results
4.2.3 Tables presentation
4.2.4 Scenario 1 observations
4.2.5 Scenario 2 observations
5 Conclusions
References
New procedure for quality assurance of municipal road survey and assessment campaigns
1 Introduction
2 Problem Definition
3 Systems and Methods for Road Condition Assessment
3.1 Visual-sensitive survey
3.2 Visual-image-based survey
3.3 Metrological survey
3.4 Mixed forms
4 Key Question and Approach
4.1 How can the quality level be demonstrated and ensured independently of the provider even without the ZbBz certification?
4.2 Which requirements for the quality level of road condition survey by certified S&x00026;A systems are fulfilled in everyday practical application in a municipal, subordinate road network for condition recording and evaluation?
5 Procedure and Studies
5.1 Comparison of sections&x02019; localization by the location of single damages
5.2 Statistical comparison by selected condition variables of evenness
5.3 Statistical comparison by selected substance characteristics of surface
6 Conclusion and Implementation in Tendering
7 Future Prospects
References
Comparing environmental impacts of alternative roads: Mechanical and sustainable considerations
1 Introduction
2 Methodological Approach
2.1 Goal and scope definition
2.2 Functional unit and boundary conditions
2.3 Emissions and impact assessment methodologies
3 Data Analysis and Life Cycle Inventory Analysis
3.1 Production phase
3.2 Construction phase
3.3 Unitary emissions and impacts
4 Numerical Results and Discussions
5 Conclusions
References
Safety and risk issues
Detection of irregularities within the asphalt surface behind the
paver screed using image analysis
1 Objective of the Studies
2 Surface Irregularities
3 Photometric Parameters
4 Image Analysis
5 Laboratory Analysis of Irregularity Patterns
6 Field Test
7 Conclusions
References
An exploration of friction supply and demand: The management of road surface friction as a factor in vehicle safety
1 Introduction
2 Friction Supply
3 Friction Characterisation
3.1 The direct measurement of friction
3.2 The inference of friction from other pavement properties
4 Friction demand
5 Friction Management
6 Discussion and Conclusion
7 Implications for the Future of Skid Resistance/Friction Research
References
Relationship between driving conditions, pavement surface characteristics and rolling resistance
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Campaign
2.1 Test track
2.2 Instrumented vehicle
2.3 Parameters considered
3 Results
3.1 Effect of tire pressure
3.2 Effect of speed
3.3 Effect of gearbox ratio and engine speed
3.4 Effect of pavement surface
3.5 Correlation analysis
4 Conclusions
References
A risk analysis in the event of a fire in a twin-tube road tunnel with considerations for resilience
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Characteristics of the twin-tube road tunnel and the nearby road network
2.2 Speed limits
2.3 Scenarios investigated
2.4 Traffic volume
2.5 Resilience metrics
3 Traffic Macro-Simulation Model
4 Average Travel Speed Profiles
5 Quantitative Risk Analysis
5.1 Expected value of risk and resilience index
6 Summary and Conclusions
References
Improving the criteria for plans for bridge inspection
1 Introduction
2 Main Part
2.1 Criteria for bridge inspection planning
2.2 A bridge or any of its determinant elements are in nonoperable state (5)
2.3 Special inspection intervals
2.4 No data on bridge inspection in AESUM database
2.5 A bridge is in limited operable state (4)
2.6 No data on bridge state change after completion or repair or reconstruction works in AESUM database
2.7 Bridge is located on the international road
2.8 Problematic superstructure desk design
2.9 Road class
2.10 Road category
2.11 Overbridge
2.12 Bridge length
2.13 Wooden bridge
2.14 Bridge carriageway pavement
3 Conclusions
References
Minimizing road impacts (noise, vibration, pollution, etc.)
Optimizing the pattern of grooves of the Next Generation Cement
Concrete Surface (NGCS) for less tyre/road noise and less fuel
consumption
1 Introduction
2 Measuring Tyre/Road Noise and Rolling Resistance on a Drum
3 Next Generation Cement Concrete Surface (NGCS)
3.1 What is NGCS?
3.2 Bisinusoidal approximation of the NGCS profile
4 NGCS Optimization Attempts
4.1 Profiles 2 and 3
4.2 Profiles 4 and 5
4.3 Profile 6
5 Tyre/road Noise Measurement Results
6 Rolling Resistance Measurement Results
7 Conclusions
References
Understanding user experience of in-vehicle noise based on road surface texture data
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Reference data collection
2.2 User trials
2.3 Data processing and alignment
3 Results
3.1 User experience vs noise
3.2 Estimating noise using road surface texture
3.3 Application to the prediction of user experience levels
4 Conclusions
References
Effect on noise reduction of repaving only the top layer in a double-layer porous asphalt pavement
1 Introduction
2 Repaving Policy
3 Purpose and Limitations of the Study
4 Data for the Test Sections
5 Paving Operations
6 Measurement Method and Equipment
7 Results
7.1 Noise
7.2 Texture and rut depth
7.3 Permeability
8 Discussion
8.1 Noise
8.2 Texture, permeability and rut depth
9 Conclusions and Recommendations
ISO and European Standards Mentioned in the Text
References
Pavement maintenance influence on road traffic noise emission
1 Introduction
2 Road Traffic Noise Emission
2.1 Generation mechanisms
2.2 Measurement
3 Road Surface Defects
4 Impact on Noise Emission
5 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Impacts of the shift from distressed pavements to low noise pavements in motorways – A case study in Portugal
1 Introduction
2 Study Sections and Test Methods
2.1 Study methodology
2.2 Description of the study sections
2.3 Statistical Pass-By method (SPB)
2.4 Close ProXimity method (CPX)
3 Presentation and Analysis of the Results for the SPB Method
3.1 Measured noise level on each highway
3.2 Spectrum analysis
4 Presentation and Analysis of the Results for the CPX Method
4.1 Measured noise level on each highway
4.2 Spectrum analysis.
5 SPB and CPX Method Comparison
6 Conclusions
References
Innovative pavement contracts to reduce CO2-emissions
1 Introduction
2 Framework for EPD in Norway
3 EPD-Calculator for the Norwegian Asphalt Industry
4 Use of EPD&x00027;s in Pavement Contracts
5 Combining CO2-Weighting with Life-Cycle Costs in Allocation of Contracts
6 Third Party Verification Of EPD&x00027;s
7 Conclusion - Results of the new Contract Strategy
References
Large scale noise survey of the Walloon road network using CPX method: Second measurement campaign
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 The Close ProXimity (CPX) method
2.2 Geo-tagged photos
3 Measurement Parameters
3.1 CPX measurement uncertainty
3.2 Pneumatic characteristics
4 Analysis and Reporting of Results
4.1 Corrections
4.2 BRRC GIS tool
5 Results
5.1 CPX2 campaign
5.2 Comparison of CPX2 and CPX1
5.3 Analysis of the effect of winter conditions
6 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
Test section with Next Generation Concrete Surface (NGCS) in Belgium: Rolling resistance and noise
1 Introduction
2 Test Section
3 Noise Measurements
3.1 Close Proximity (CPX) method
3.1.1 Measuring method
3.1.2 Measurements results
3.2 Statistical Pass-By (SPB) method
3.2.1 Measuring method
3.2.2 Measurements results
4 Rolling Resistance Measurements
4.1 Measuring method
4.2 Measurement results
5 Conclusion
References
Acoustic characterisation of motorway pavements: New perspectives to optimise road asset management
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Plan and Materials
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusions
References
Thermal and microclimatic behavior of innovative pavements for the life Cool &x00026; Low Noise Asphalt project
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Microclimatic analysis
2.2 Thermal analysis
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Microclimatic impact
3.1.1 Watering effects
3.1.2 Pavement resurfacing impact and combined effects
3.2 Thermal impact
4 Conclusion
References
Sustainability and performances issues about materials and design
Performance review of surfacing materials incorporating enhanced
levels of reclaimed asphalt on the UK strategic road network
1 Introduction
1.1 Objectives
2 Analysis of Existing Site Trials in the Uk
2.1 History of sites with RA&x000A0;&x02265;&x000A0;10%
2.2 Site analysis &x00026; basis for selection
2.3 Pavement monitoring &x00026; data analysis
3 M25 Clockwise Around Reigate Hill (23% RA)
3.1 Introduction &x00026; mix design
3.2 Analysis of TRACS rut depth
3.3 Analysis of TRACS Sensor-Measured Texture Depth (SMTD)
3.4 Analysis of CSC
3.5 VCS and video analysis
4 M25 Anti-Clockwise Around Reigate Hill (40% RA)
4.1 Introduction &x00026; mix design
4.2 Analysis of TRACS rut depth
4.3 Analysis of TRACS SMTD
4.4 Analysis of CSC
4.5 VCS and video analysis
5 M25 J26-25 (50%) RA
5.1 Introduction &x00026; mix design
5.2 Analysis of TRACS rut depth
5.3 Analysis of TRACS SMTD
5.4 Analysis of CSC
5.5 VCS and video analysis
6 Conclusions
References
Challenges for the development and implementation of asphalt mixtures containing recycled waste plastic for pavement surfacing
1 Introduction
2 Benefits of Recycled Plastic Asphalt
3 Challenges For Recycled Plastic Asphalt
3.1 Not all plastics are equal
3.2 Product and production consistency
3.3 Fuming and leaching potential
3.4 Internationalisation of findings
3.5 Environmental ageing and durability
4 Conclusion
References
Waste plastic as potential high-value solution for asphalt road applications
1. Introduction
2. Objective and Experimental Programme
2.1 Materials
2.2 Test protocols
3. Results
3.1 Step 1
3.1.1. Melting capacity
3.1.2 Volumetric properties
3.1.3 Indirect Tensile Strength Modulus (ITSM)
3.1.4 Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) and cracking tolerance index
3.2. Step 2
3.2.1 Air voids and mechanical properties
3.2.2 Cyclic Indirect Tension Fatigue Tests (ITFT)
4. Conclusions
References
The use of rejuvenating bio-emulsion from soil bean oil in recycled aggregates for chip seals
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Performance-Based Uniformity Coefficient (PUC)
2.2 Chip seal design procedure
2.3 Aggregate loss procedure
3 Results
4 Conclusions
References
Cellulose fibres for better performing road pavements
1 Introduction
2 The Iasnaf Project
3 The Use of Cellulose Fibres in Bitumen
3.1 Cellulose fibres functionalization
3.2 Dispersion of FF into 50/70 bitumen and HD bitumen
4 Embedding Functionalized Cellulose Fibres Into the Asphalt
4.1 Materials and mix design
4.2 Test methodology
4.3 Results achieved
5 Discussion and Conclusions
References
Environmental efficiency assessment of RCA inclusion as partial replacement of virgin aggregates in HMA and WMA
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methodology
2.1 Materials
2.2 Methodology
2.2.1 Goal and scope definition phase
2.2.2 LCI analysis phase
2.2.3 LCIA phase
2.2.4 Interpretation phase
3 Discussion
4 Conclusions
5 Recommendations For Future Research Works
6 Declaration of Competing Interest
References
Recycled porous asphalt concretes: Pros and contras
1 Introduction and Objectives
1.1 Background
1.2 Objectives and scope
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Experimental plan
2.2 Recycled and reference PEMs
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusions
References
Mix design of recycled asphalt concretes for sustainable rural mobility: Bicycle and/or pedestrian routes
1 Introduction
2 State of Art and Research Objectives
3 Mix-Design of Eco-Sustainable Asphalt Concrete Mix
3.1 Materials employed
3.2 Mix-design of cold recycled asphalt concrete: Phase 1
3.3 Mix-design of cold recycled asphalt concrete: Phase 2
3.4 Mix-design of cold recycled asphalt concrete: Phase 3
3.5 Considerations for recycled asphalt mixes
4 Eco-Sustainable Asphalt Concrete Surface Finishing
5 Materials Application Areas and Economic Sustainability
6 Conclusions
Author Contributions
RESEARCH SUPPORT
References
Pavements surfaces and urban heat islands (cool pavements, etc.)
Colorimetry of pavements for urban planning
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 CIELAB colour space basics
2.2 Methods and materials
2.3 Pavement samples
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Definition of the colour difference threshold
3.2 Effect of natural ageing
4 Conclusion and Perspectives
References
Systemic analysis of the thermal performance of road surfaces
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Thermals properties
2.2 Albedo measurement
2.3 Conduction measurement and thermal capacity
2.3 Materials and components
2.4 Binders and rocks
2.5 The assembled coatings
3 Preliminary Results
4 Conclusion
References
An analytical model for forecasting pavement temperature
1 Introduction
2 Model Development
2.1 Parameter input
2.2 Field location
2.3 The analytical model
3 Analysis and Discussion
3.1 The analytical temperature model inputs
3.2 The analytical solution for the proposed model
4 Conclusion
References
Weather conditions impact (snow, ice, etc.)
Winter damage to wearing course
1 Framework of the Study
1.1 Context
1.2 Conclusion of the first report
1.3 Setting up of a working group
2 Working Approach to Understanding the Phenomena
2.1 Areas of work
2.2 Testing areas with degradation described as winter damage
2.3 Statistical analysis of the condition of wearing courses in DIR Est
2.4 Conclusion of the study
3 Advice to Project Owners
3.1 Information note for project owners
3.2 Choice of materials
3.2.1 Materials usually used in areas with severe winter conditions
3.2.2 Materials suitable for harsh conditions, provided that the recommendations for use are followed
Surface coatings
3.2.3 Coatings to avoid
3.2.4 Conclusion
3.3 Formulation
3.3.1 Characteristics of bituminous binders
3.3.2 Characteristics of binders for plasters and surface coatings
3.3.3 Composition of asphalt mixes
3.4 Implementation precautions
4 Perspective
4.1 Combined surface coating
4.2 Stone mastic asphalt
4.3 Lime integration
5 Conclusion
References
Pavement heating system using electroconductive paint for preventing ice formation on the surface layer
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Procedure for Laboratory Tests
2.1 Materials and sample fabrication process
2.2 Experimental procedures
2.2.1 Heating tests
2.2.2 Rutting tests
3 Laboratory Tests Results
3.1 Heating tests
3.2 Rutting tests
4 Full-Scale Demonstrator: Car Park Access Ramp
4.1 Construction works
4.2 Heating tests
5 Conclusions
References
Surface heat budget of sixteen pavement samples on an experimental test site in the Parisian region
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Method
2.1 Experimental test site and instrumentation
2.2 Surface heat budget
2.3 Analysis days
3 Results
3.1 Convective exchanges coefficient
3.2 Surface heat budget
4 Conclusion
Nomenclature
References
Airport pavements
Towards efficient airfield pavement surface condition monitoring
using deep learning models
1 Introduction: Context and Overview
1.1 Airfield pavement maintenance needs and goals of the study
2 Instrumentation and Survey Methodology
2.1 Workflow to test deep learning models
2.2 Camera features and setup
2.3 Pre-processing of images from surveys
3 Deep Learning Models Employed
3.1 Typical deep learning setup
3.2 Deep learning models used
4 Application of Models
4.1 Description of the test site
4.2 Results
5 Outlook and Future Work
References
Aviation risk assessment: Analyzing the critical boundary conditions that can affect the risk of runway-related accidents
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Goals and Methodology
3.1 Accident probability sub-model
3.2 Wreckage location sub-model
3.3 Accident consequence sub-model
4 Case Study
5 Sensitivity Analysis of Operation&x00027;s Boundary Conditions
5.1 Runway length
5.2 Weather condition
5.3 RESA infrastructure
5.4 Airport annual movement
6 Conclusion
References
Airport noise emission: Models&x02019; comparison and application on a real case study
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Comparison of Principal Aviation Noise Models
3.1 The standard method of computing noise contours around civil airports by ECAC
3.2 Aircraft noise contour model (ANCON II) by CAA
4 Methodology: Adopted Noise Model
4.1 Scenario selection and data collection
5 Results and Discussion: Comparison Between Modeled Result and Measurement
7 Conclusion
References
A prediction model of the coefficient of friction for runway using artificial neural networks
1 Introduction
1.1 Factors involved in the variation of the coefficient of friction
1.2 Application of artificial neural networks in performance prediction models
2 Method
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusions
References
Author index