This book provides insights into the benefits of using remote sensing data from a geoscientist's perspective, by integrating the data with the understanding of Earth's surface and subsurface. In 3 sections, the book takes a detailed look at what data explorationists use when they explore for hydrocarbon resources, assess different terrain types for planning and hazards and extract present-day geologic analogs for subsurface geologic settings. The book presents the usage of remote sensing data in exploration in a structured way by detecting individual geologic features as building blocks for complex geologic systems. This concept enables readers to build their own workflows for the assessment of complex geologic systems using various combinations of remote sensing data.
Section 1 introduces readers to the foundations of remote sensing for exploration, covers various methods of image processing and studies different digital elevation and bathymetry models. Section 2 presents the concept of geomorphology as a means to integrate surface and subsurface data. Different aspects of rendering in 2D and 3D are explained and used for the interpretation and extraction of geologic features that are used in exploration.
Section 3 addresses remote sensing for hydrocarbon exploration in detail, from geophysical data acquisition to development and infrastructure planning. The organization of this chapter follows an exploration workflow from regional to local modeling studying basin and petroleum system modeling as well as logistics planning of seismic surveys and near-surface modeling. Aspects of field development and infrastructure planning comprise multi-temporal and dynamic modeling. The section closes with a structured approach to extracting geologic analogs from interpreted remote sensing data.
The book will be of interest to professionals and students working in exploration for hydrocarbons and water resources, as well as geoscientists and engineers using remote sensing for infrastructure planning, hazard assessment and dynamic environmental studies.
Author(s): Andreas Laake
Series: Springer Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 405
City: Cham
Foreword
References
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Book
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Abbreviations
About the Author
Part I: Basics of Remote Sensing
Chapter 1: Basics of Remote Sensing
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Scope of Remote Sensing
1.3 History of Remote Earth Observation
1.4 Remote Sensing Methods
1.5 Atmospheric Absorption and Wavelength Bands for Remote Sensing
1.6 Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation with Earth and Water
References
General Remote Sensing
History of Remote Sensing
Landsat
Radarsat
Transmission Through Atmosphere
Interaction with Earth Surface
Interaction with Seawater
Microwave Radar for Geologic Interpretation and Elevation Models
Electromagnetic Spectral Bands Used for Remote Sensing
ASTER GDEM V3
GLOBE
LiDAR DEM
Radarsat Integration References Missing So Far
Chapter 2: Electromagnetic Spectral Bands Used for Remote Sensing
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Optical Bands
2.3 Infrared Bands
2.4 Microwave Radar
2.5 Spatial Resolution
2.6 Penetration into Soil and Water
References
Landsat
Radarsat
Chapter 3: Foundations of Multi-Band Processing of Satellite Images
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Multi-Band Composite Images
3.3 Panchromatic Sharpening
3.4 Band Difference and Band Ratio Images
3.5 Inverted Colors
3.6 Multiband RGB Difference Composite
References
Multi-Band Composite Images
Panchromatic Sharpening
Band Difference and Band Ratio Images
Multiband Differences and Ratios
Introduction to Seismic Planning, Acquisition and Data Processing
Seismic Logistics Case Studies
Remote Sensing Case Study Qattara Depression and Western Desert, Egypt
Chapter 4: Digital Relief Models
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Generation of Relief Models
4.3 Methods for Rendering Digital Relief Models
4.4 Resolution of Digital Relief Models
4.5 Assessment of Absolute Elevation in Digital Relief Models
4.6 Applications for Different Digital Relief Models
References
Digital Elevation Models General
ASTER GDEM V3
ETOPO1
GLOBE
LiDAR DEM
Radar-Based Bathymetry
SRTM DEM
Stereo Image-Based DEM
TerrainBase
Part II: Primary Applications for Geosciences
Chapter 5: Primary Applications for Geosciences
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Concept of Geomorphology
References
Remote Sensing Case Study Uinta Mountain and Dinosaur NM, Utah U.S.A.
Geomorphology
Chapter 6: Rendering of Remote Sensing Data
6.1 Introduction
6.2 2D Rendering and Colormaps
6.3 Vertical Exaggeration and Slant Illumination
6.4 3D Rendering and Draping
Chapter 7: Geologic Feature Extraction from Remote Sensing Data
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Structural Elements: Folds and Faults Appalachian Mountains U.S.A.
7.3 Arctic Features in Northwest Siberia
7.4 Arid Desert Features on the Colorado Plateau, U.S.A.
References
Structural Geology of Appalachians and Alleghany Plateau
Remote Sensing Case Study Northwest Siberia, Russia
Arctic Remote Sensing and Permafrost Mapping
Colorado Plateau
Geology
Geologic Maps
Part III: Remote Sensing for Hydrocarbon Exploration
Chapter 8: Remote Sensing for Hydrocarbon Exploration
8.1 Introduction
Chapter 9: Frontier Exploration
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Regional Modeling of the Equatorial Atlantic Conjugate Margin
9.2.1 Data Input and Preparation
9.2.2 Generating Geologic Models
9.2.3 Executing the Conjugate Margin Exploration Concept
9.2.4 Conclusions
9.3 Basin Modeling of Libyan Basins
9.3.1 Interpreting Satellite Gravity Data for Basin Depth
9.3.2 Interpreting the Digital Relief Model Data
9.3.3 Interpreting Radar Backscatter Data
9.3.4 Interpreting Multi-spectral Optical and Infrared Satellite Data
9.3.5 Interpreting Satellite Gravity Data for Basin Structure
9.3.6 Interpreting Surface Geologic Data
9.3.7 Integration of Basin Outline, Depth and Structure
9.4 Petroleum System Modeling Central Libya
9.5 Surface-Subsurface Integration
9.5.1 Integration from Surface to Deep Formations Using Geologic Analogs
9.5.2 Estimation of the Penetration of Satellite Radar from Integration with Seismic Data
9.6 Estimating Impact of Volcanic Rocks
References
Interaction with Earth Surface
Multi-Band Composite Images
Multiband Differences and Ratios
ETOPO1
Free Air Gravity Anomaly from Satellite Altimetry
Magnetic Anomaly
Crustal Age NOAA
Sediment Thickness NOAA
Deep Sea Drilling Programs
Global Modeling Software Platform
Exploration Concepts and Techniques
Gravity and Magnetic Inversion
Petroleum System Modeling
Gulf of Suez Integration
Radarsat Integration
Estimating Impact of Volcanic Rocks
Chapter 10: Seismic Logistics and Planning
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Seismic Logistics Planning
10.2.1 Seismic Logistics Planning in Rough Volcanic Terrain
10.2.2 Operations in Wet and Dry Sabkha
10.2.3 Operations in Sand Dune Terrain
10.3 Seismic Data Quality Estimation
10.3.1 Prediction of Source and Receiver Coupling in Central Algeria
10.3.2 Mapping of Surface Scattering at Surface Karst, Western Desert Egypt
10.4 Near-Surface Velocity Model from Remote Sensing Near-Surface Characterization
References
Introduction to Seismic Planning, Acquisition and Data Processing
Seismic Logistics Case Studies
Remote Sensing Case Study Volcanic Terrain Payún, Argentina
Remote Sensing Case Study Sabkha Matti, UAE
Remote Sensing Case Study Berkine Sand Dunes, Algeria
Remote Sensing Case Study Tademait Plateau, Algeria
Remote Sensing Case Study Qattara Depression and Western Desert, Egypt
Remote Sensing Case Study Western Desert, Egypt
Chapter 11: Development and Oilfield Infrastructure
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Arctic Climate Alaska, USA
11.3 Humid Floodplain Setting Arkansas, U.S.A.
11.4 Coastal Setting Louisiana, U.S.A.
11.5 Subtropical Climate Chad
11.6 Desert Environment, Grand Erg Oriental Tunisia
References
LiDAR DEM
Remote Sensing Case Study Teshekpuk, Alaska, U.S.A.
Operations Case Studies in Arctic Climate
Remote Sensing Case Study White River Floodplain, Arkansas, U.S.A.
Operations Case Studies in Floodplains
Remote Sensing Case Study Louisiana Coast, U.S.A.
Remote Sensing Case Study Chad
Operations and Subsurface Case Studies in Subtropical Setting
Remote Sensing Case Study Grand Erg Oriental, Tunisia
Operations Case Studies in Desert Setting
Chapter 12: Geologic Analogs
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Structural Analogs
12.2.1 Relay Ramps, Arches NP UT, U.S.A.
12.2.2 Faults and Karsting, Hassi R’Mel, Algeria
12.2.3 Salt Tectonics and Salt Glaciers, Zagros Mountains, Iran
12.2.4 Salt Tectonics and Diapirs, Louisiana coast, U.S.A.
12.2.5 Rift Tectonics, Afar Triangle, Ethiopia and Djibuti
12.2.6 Pull-Apart Basins, Sinai, Egypt
12.2.7 Fold and Fault Belt, Appalachians, U.S.A.
12.3 Depositional Analogs
12.3.1 Shallow Water and Coastal Arid Environment, U.A.E. Coast
12.3.2 Coastal Arid Environment, Lake MacLeod, West Australia
12.3.3 Coastal and Deltaic Sabkha, Sabkha Matti, U.A.E.
12.3.4 Inland Sabkha, Umm As Samim, Oman
12.3.5 Carbonate Depositional Processes, Caicos Islands
12.3.6 Marine Deltas: Irrawaddi and Sittang Deltas, Myanmar
12.3.7 Tidal Floodplain, North Frisia Germany
12.3.8 Flood Plain Channels, Black River, AR U.S.A.
12.3.9 Intra-Cratonic Deltas of Okavango, Botswana, and Kufra, Libya
12.4 Erosional Analogs
12.4.1 Limestone Karsting, Karst Plateau, Slovenia and Italy
12.4.2 Glacial Valleys, Jutland, Denmark
12.4.3 Regional Glacial Mapping for Moraines, Great Lakes Basin, USA
12.4.4 Glacial Valleys, Finger Lakes NY, U.S.A.
References
Outcrop Analog: Arches NP
Subsurface Case Studies of Relay Ramps
Outcrop Analog: Hassi R’Mel and Talemzane Meteor Crater
Surface and Shallow Subsurface Karst
Deep Subsurface Karst and Karsted Reservoirs
Outcrop Analog: Zagros Mountains, Iran
Subsurface Case Studies of Salt Tectonics
Outcrop Analog: Salt Louisiana
Subsurface Case Studies of Pull-Apart Basins
Depositional Analogs
Outcrop Analog: Caicos Islands, Turks and Caicos, Caribbean
Subsurface Case Studies of Carbonates
Outcrop Analog: Irrawaddy Delta, Myanmar
Subsurface Case Studies of Marine Deltas
Outcrop Analog: North Frisia North Sea Coast, German
Subsurface Case Studies of Tidal Floodplains
Subsurface Case Studies of Floodplain Channels
Outcrop Analog: Okavango Delta, Botswana
Outcrop Analog: Kufra Delta, Libya
Subsurface Case Studies of Intra-Cratonic Deltas
Outcrop Analog: Karst Plateau, Slovenia and Italy
Subsurface Case Studies of Karsting
Glacial Geology
Regional Glaciology Europe
Regional Glaciology North America
Glacial Tunnel Valleys
Moraines
Drumlins
Glaciogenic Subsurface Reservoirs
Glossary
Index
