Relationship Between Microbes and the Environment for Sustainable Ecosystem Services, Volume 2: Microbial Mitigation of Waste for Sustainable Ecosystem Services

Front Cover
Relationship Between Microbes and the Environment for Sustainable Ecosystem Services, Volume 2: Microbial Mitigation of Was...
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Contents
Contributors
About the editors
Preface
Chapter 1: Effect of pollution on sediments and their impact on the aquatic ecosystem
1. Introduction
2. Hydrologic cycle
3. Effect of pollutants on aquatic sediments
3.1. Organic pollutants and plant nutrients
3.2. Physical pollutants
3.2.1. Suspended solids
3.2.2. Immiscible solvents
3.2.3. Thermal pollutants
3.2.4. Physiological pollutants
3.3. Toxic pollutants
3.3.1. Pesticides
3.3.2. Salts
3.3.3. Heavy metals
3.4. Emerging pollutants
3.4.1. Microplastics
3.4.2. Pharmaceuticals
3.4.3. Radioactive pollutants
3.4.4. Nanoparticles
4. Future prospective
References
Chapter 2: Impact of emerging contaminants on biological wastewater treatment process
1. Introduction
2. Classification of emerging contaminants
3. Sources of ECs
4. Remediation of ECs
4.1. Biodegradation
4.2. Biosorption
5. Impact of emerging contaminants on biological processes
5.1. Impact of pharmaceuticals
5.2. Impact of nanoparticles
5.3. Impact of pesticides
References
Further reading
Chapter 3: The potential role of microbes in the treatment of contaminated water bodies: Current trends and Case Studies
1. Introduction
1.1. Wastewater treatment in the developing world
1.2. Water quality of static and dynamic water bodies
2. Strategies to revive water bodies
2.1. In situ revivals of water bodies
2.2. Ex situ revival of water bodies
3. Wetlands as effective treatment systems to revive water bodies
3.1. Constructed wetlands
3.2. Floating wetlands
4. Role of microbes
5. Case studies
5.1. Restoration of Palic Lake using constructed wetlands
5.2. Revival of Rajokri Lake using wetland treatment systems
6. Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter 4: Microbial removal of triarylmethane dyes: A sustainable approach for the aquatic ecosystem services
1. Introduction
2. Different types of triarylmethane dye
2.1. Crystal violet
2.2. Malachite green
2.3. Brilliant green
2.4. Bromophenol blue
2.5. Other triarylmethane dyes
3. Impacts on aquatic life: A threat to the ecosystem
4. Dye removal technologies: Progress and limitations
4.1. Adsorption
4.2. Flocculation and coagulation
4.3. Electrocoagulation
4.4. Membrane filtration
4.5. Ion exchange
4.6. Biological process
5. Factors affecting microbial dye removal
5.1. Dye concentration
5.2. Initial pH of the solution
5.3. Temperature
5.4. Agitation speed
5.5. Contact time
5.6. Inoculum percentage
6. Microbial removal of triarylmethane dyes
7. Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Role of biofilms to curb contamination in water bodies
1. Introduction
2. Biofilms and their distribution patterns
3. Biofilms in water system (aquatic, wastewater and other sources)
3.1. Microbes associated with biofilms in the water system and their characteristic features
3.2. Mechanisms involved in the biofilm formation and their capacity to curb contamination
4. Biofilm and bioremediation
4.1. Mechanisms for bioremediation
4.2. Advantages of the method utilized/role of biofilms in bioremediation
5. Role of consortium biofilms to curb contamination
6. Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Potential of microbes for degradation of xenobiotics: With special focus on petroleum hydrocarbons
1. Introduction
1.1. Xenobiotic circulation in the environment
2. Bioremediation
2.1. Principles of biodegradation
2.2. Factors affecting biodegradation
3. Degradation of xenobiotic compounds by different microorganisms
4. Petroleum hydrocarbons
4.1. Constituents of petroleum hydrocarbons
4.1.1. Aliphatics
4.1.2. Aromatics
4.1.3. Resins
4.1.4. Asphaltenes
4.2. Effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on environment and health
4.3. Approaches employed for bioremediation of petrochemicals
4.3.1. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons
5. Multi-omics approach toward the microbial degradation of xenobiotic compounds
6. Advantages and disadvantages of bioremediation
7. Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 7: Microbes as an effective tool to mitigate emerging pollutants
1. Introduction
2. Significance of microbe mediated bioremediation of EPs
3. Key players involved in microbial bioremediation of EPs
4. How microorganisms degrade EPs
5. Factors affecting microbial bioremediation process
6. Strategies to enhance bioremediation of EPs
7. Treatment systems involving microorganisms for the removal of EPs
8. Potential exploitation of microorganisms for the degradation of EPs
8.1. Agrochemicals
8.2. Pharmaceuticals
8.3. Flame retardants
8.4. Endocrine disruptors
8.5. Dyes
8.6. Detergents
8.7. Personal care products and other EPs
8.8. Biological contaminants
9. Role of biotechnology in the microbial bioremediation of emerging pollutants
10. Future prospects
11. Advantages of using microbes in bioremediation of EPs
12. Disadvantages of using microbes in bioremediation of EPs
References
Further reading
Chapter 8: Microbial strategies to address environmental nanopollutants
1. Introduction
2. Environmental nanopollutants
2.1. Metal nanoparticles and quantum dots
2.2. Biological nanoparticles
2.3. Carbon-based nanomaterials
2.4. Nanoplastics
3. Bacterial remediation
3.1. Remediation of metal-based nanopollutants
3.2. Remediation of carbon-based nanopollutants
3.3. Remediation of nanoplastics
4. Fungal remediation
4.1. Remediation of metal-based nanopollutants
4.2. Remediation of carbon-based nanopollutants
4.3. Remediation of nanoplastics
5. Remediation of nanopollutants with yeasts
6. Remediation of nanopollutants with algae
7. Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter 9: Removal of emerging pollutants from the environment through microbes
1. Introduction
2. Biological indicators/monitors: An overview
2.1. In three situations bioindicators are very practical and useful
2.2. Criteria for a good bioindicator
2.3. Category wise applications of bioindicators
3. Emerging contaminants and associated human health hazards
3.1. Human and animal pharmaceutical drugs
3.2. Engineered nanomaterials
3.3. Pesticides
3.4. Personal care products
3.5. Disinfection by-products (DBPs)
3.6. Per-fluorinated compounds (PFCs)
4. Emerging pollutants in wastewater
4.1. Analysis and detection of emerging contaminants
5. Emerging pollutants removal technique: Bioremediation
5.1. Role of microorganisms in bioremediation
5.2. On-sites bioremediation
5.3. Off-sites bioremediation
6. Factors affecting microbial bioremediation
7. Conclusion and future prospectus
References
Chapter 10: Waste management through bioremediation technology: An eco-friendly and sustainable solution
1. Introduction
2. Waste
2.1. Types of waste
2.1.1. Municipal solid waste
2.1.2. Agricultural and animal waste
2.1.3. Industrial solid waste
2.1.4. Radioactive waste
2.1.5. Hazardous waste
2.1.6. Non-hazardous waste
3. Harmful effects of waste on the environment
3.1. Diseases
3.2. The role of plastics
4. Major strategies in waste management
4.1. Waste prevention
4.2. Minimization of waste
4.3. Reuse and recycling
5. Factors affecting microbial bioremediation
5.1. Chemical constraints
5.1.1. Bioavailability of contaminants
5.2. Abiotic or environmental factors
5.3. Ecological factors
5.3.1. Nutrients
5.3.2. Direct metabolism
5.3.3. Predator population growth
6. Major strategies in bioremediation
6.1. In-situ bioremediation
6.1.1. Bioattenuation
6.1.2. Biostimulation
6.1.3. Bioaugmentation
6.1.4. Composting
6.1.5. Bioslurping
6.1.6. Bioventing
6.2. Ex-situ bioremediation
6.2.1. Land farming
6.2.2. Composting
6.2.3. Biopiles
6.2.4. Bioreactors
7. Common organisms used in bioremediation
7.1. Bacteria
7.2. Dechloromonas aromatica
7.3. Nitrifiers and denitrifiers
7.4. Deinococcus radiodurans
7.5. Fungi
7.6. Algae
8. Advantages of bioremediation over other conventional approaches
9. Factors associated with determining the efficiency of bioremediation
9.1. Nutrient
9.2. Temperature
9.3. Presence of oxygen
9.4. Bioavailability of contaminants
9.5. Microorganisms
10. Limitations in bioremediation process
11. Recent advancements in the area of bioremediation
11.1. Phytoremediation with the help of microbes
11.2. Molecular biological in the bioremediation
11.3. Bioinformatics in bioremediation
11.4. Nanotechnology in bioremediation
12. Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: In situ bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil
1. Introduction
1.1. Bioremediation
2. Heavy metal contaminated soil and plant health
3. Microbes involved in bioremediation
4. Mechanism of metal-microbe interaction
5. Future prospects of microbial remediation
6. Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: Genetically modified microbes as an effective tool for sustainable solid waste management
1. Introduction
2. Role of microorganisms in waste decomposition
3. Decomposition of biodegradable solid waste
3.1. Aerobic digestion
3.2. Anaerobic digestion
4. Contemporary studies on molecular biology for solid waste management
5. Challenges for micro-biotechnology in solid waste treatment
6. Genetically modified microorganisms
7. Advanced molecular technology for the development of GMMs
7.1. Homologous recombination
7.2. CRISPR-Cas system
7.3. Genome-scale metabolic model
8. Genetically modified microbes for waste management
9. Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Indigenous microorganisms as an effective tool for in situ bioremediation
1. Introduction
2. Indigenous microorganism for in situ bioremediation
3. Types
3.1. Aerobic
4. Factors limiting in situ bioremediation efficiency
5. Major pollutants in the environment
6. Bioremediation
6.1. Principle
6.2. Types
6.2.1. Ex situ
Land farming
Composting
Biopiles
Bioreactors
6.2.2. In situ
Need for in situ bioremediation
Strategy in in situ bioremediation
7. Role of indigenous microorganisms in in situ bioremediation
7.1. Indigenous microbes in in situ bioremediation of contaminated soil
7.2. Indigenous microbes in in situ bioremediation of heavy metals
7.3. Indigenous microbes in in situ bioremediation of oil spills
7.4. Indigenous microbes in in situ bioremediation of pesticides
7.5. Indigenous microbes in in situ bioremediation of radioactive substance
8. Advantages of indigenous microorganisms over non-indigenous microorganisms in genetic engineering for in situ bioremed ...
9. Indigenous microorganism as an emerging tool
10. Pros and cons of in situ bioremediation
References
Chapter 14: Role of insect microbiota in decomposting urban waste
1. Introduction
2. Waste management
3. Methods of waste management
4. Role of insects and associated microbes in solid waste degradation
5. Digestion in insects
6. Decomposing insects and associated micro-organisms in decomposition
6.1. Black soldier fly
6.2. Termites
6.3. Dung beetles
6.4. Wax moth
7. Role of insects and associated microbes in plastic degradation
7.1. Coleoptera
7.1.1. Tenebrionidae
Tribolium castaneum
7.1.2. Lucanidae
7.2. Lepidoptera
7.3. Diptera
7.3.1. Culicidae
7.3.2. Stratiomyidae
8. Recommendations for all nations around the world awaiting effective mean solid waste management (MSWM)
References
Further reading
Chapter 15: Processing of lignocellulosic biomass for enhanced products
1. Introduction
2. Structure of lignocellulosic biomass
3. Pretreatment of LCB: Necessity
3.1. Physical pretreatment
3.2. Milling
3.3. Microwave-assisted size reduction
3.4. Extrusion method
3.5. Ultrasonication method
4. Chemical treatment
4.1. Alkali treatment method
4.2. Acid pretreatment method
4.3. Ionic liquids method
4.4. Organosolv process method
4.5. Deep eutectic solvents
5. Physicochemical treatments
5.1. Steam explosion process
5.2. Fibers of ammonia explosion (AFEX) process
5.3. Treatment of CO2 explosions process
5.4. Biological pretreatment process
6. Treatment of cells
6.1. Laccases
6.2. Versatile peroxidase (VP)
7. Conclusion
References
Further reading
Index
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