This book is an edited collection that explores the fundamental concepts of real-time simulation/hardware-in-the-loop testing using ‘Typhoon HIL’ for complex electrical systems. Typhoon HIL has recently emerged as a powerful tool in the rapidly growing field of ultra-high-fidelity controller-hardware-in-the-loop (C-HIL) simulations for power electronics, microgrids, and distribution networks. The book integrates the coverage of underlying theory and acclaimed methodological approaches and high-value applications of real-time simulation and hardware-in-the-loop testing―all from the perspectives of eminent researchers around the globe utilizing Typhoon HIL. This book serves as a valuable resource for engineers, academicians, researchers, experienced professionals, and research scholars engaged in /becoming familiarized with the real-time simulation of complex electrical systems using Typhoon HIL with a specific focus on hardware-in-the-loop testing.
Author(s): Saurabh Mani Tripathi, Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt
Series: Transactions on Computer Systems and Networks
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 462
City: Singapore
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Abbreviations
1 Introduction to Typhoon HIL: Technology, Functionalities, and Applications
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Model-Based System Engineering and HIL Testing
1.3 About Typhoon HIL
1.4 Typhoon HIL Technology
1.4.1 Typhoon HIL Real-Time Simulation Platform
1.4.2 Typhoon HIL Control Center
1.5 C-HIL Setup Example
1.6 Conclusions
References
2 Control of Grid-Connected Inverter
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Standalone Mode
2.1.2 Grid-Connected Mode
2.1.3 Autonomous Mode
2.2 Control Techniques Classification for Grid-Connected Inverters
2.2.1 Linear Controllers
2.2.2 Non-Linear Controllers
2.2.3 Adaptive and Robust Controllers
2.2.4 Intelligent Controllers
2.3 Modeling of Inverters in Grid-Connected PV System
2.3.1 Reference Frame Transformation
2.3.2 Inverter Cascaded Control
2.3.3 Modeling of the Outer PQ Loop
2.3.4 Modeling of DC-Link Voltage Control Loop
2.3.5 Modeling of Inner Current Control Loop
2.4 Case Study: Single-Phase Grid-Connected PV Inverter Simulation Using Typhoon HIL-402
2.5 Conclusion
References
3 Grid-Forming Converter Control Techniques Implementation in Typhoon HIL
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Modelling
3.2.1 Test System
3.2.2 Droop Control
3.2.3 Virtual Synchronous Machine
3.2.4 Synchronverter (SynC)
3.3 Simulation and Results
3.3.1 Analysis of Parameter Variation in Droop Control
3.3.2 Comparison of the Three Grid-Forming Strategies
3.4 Conclusions
References
4 Model Predictive Control for Grid-Connected Converters with Typhoon HIL
4.1 Introduction
4.2 System Model
4.3 Control Algorithms
4.3.1 Model Predictive Control (MPC)
4.3.2 Proportional Single Resonant Controller
4.4 Typhoon HIL and Test-Driven Design
4.5 HIL Results and TDD Comparisons
4.5.1 Transient Performance
4.5.2 Harmonic Rejection Performance
4.5.3 Test-Driven Design Results
4.6 Conclusions
References
5 Grid-Connected Multilevel Converter with Optimal Programmed PWM and Virtual Synchronous Machine
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Selective Harmonic Elimination Modulation
5.3 Optimal Programmed PWM for Harmonic Mitigation and THD Minimization
5.4 Closed-Loop Grid-Connected Converter
5.4.1 Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM)
5.4.2 FPGA-Based Modulator
5.5 Hardware-in-the-Loop Results
5.6 Conclusion
References
6 Selective Harmonic Compensation in Active Power Filter Using Nonlinear Predictive Current Control Method
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Mathematical Analysis of PCC
6.3 Calculation of Reference Current
6.3.1 Conventional Method
6.3.2 Proposed Method
6.4 Performance Evaluation
6.4.1 Virtual HIL Simulation Results
6.4.2 Real-Time Simulation Results
6.5 Conclusion
References
7 Development of Electric Vehicles Applications Using AURIX™ Microcontroller and Typhoon HIL
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Typhoon HIL 602+
7.2.1 Typhoon HIL Schematic Editor
7.2.2 Typhoon HIL SCADA
7.3 AURIX™ Microcontroller
7.3.1 AURIX™ TC2xx (TC275)
7.3.2 AURIX™ TC275 LiteKit
7.3.3 AURIX™ Development Studio
7.3.4 Infineon Low-Level Drivers (iLLD)
7.3.5 OneEye
7.4 Setup
7.5 Potential Application
7.6 Field Oriented Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
7.6.1 System Description
7.6.2 PWM Generation
7.6.3 Current and Voltage Sensing
7.6.4 Position and Speed Sensing
7.6.5 Speed Loop and Current Loop
7.7 Conclusion
References
8 Electric Vehicles Digital Twinning Using x-HIL Platforms
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Platform for Digital Twining
8.3 Electric Vehicle Modeling
8.3.1 Electric Energy Storage Systems
8.3.2 Power Electronics Devices
8.3.3 Traction Motor
8.3.4 Vehicle’s Kinematic Model
8.4 Electric Vehicle Digital Twin Implementation
8.4.1 Electric Energy Storage Systems
8.4.2 Power Electronics Devices
8.4.3 Traction Motor
8.4.4 Vehicle’s Kinematic Model
8.5 Electric Vehicle Digital Twin Behavior
8.6 Conclusions
References
9 Microgrid Primary Controller Performance Characterization
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Controllers Based on Droop Control
9.2.1 Conventional Droop Control
9.2.2 Improved Droop Control
9.3 Controllers Based on Virtual Synchronous Machine
9.3.1 Virtual Synchronous Machine
9.3.2 Improved Virtual Synchronous Machine
9.4 Dispatchable Virtual Oscillator Control
9.5 Test-Driven Design
9.6 System Description
9.7 Grid-Connected Mode
9.8 Transition Mode
9.9 Islanding Mode
9.10 Conclusion
References
10 Effect of Diverse Harmonic Order Frequencies on Dynamic PV Hosting Capacity Assessment in Active Distribution Network: A Typhoon HIL Based Approach
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Literature Survey
10.3 Brief Overview of the Effect of Power System Parameters on HC
10.4 Methodology for Determination of Harmonic Impedance and Harmonic Node Voltage
10.4.1 Distribution Load Flow
10.4.2 Harmonic Load Flow
10.5 Concept of Hosting Capacity
10.6 Real-Time Simulation Platform to Analyze the Effect of Harmonics on HC
10.7 Other Tools Used for the Analysis of Distribution Networks
10.7.1 Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP)
10.7.2 MATLAB
10.8 Modeling and Analysis of Diverse Harmonic Order Frequency on ADN
10.8.1 5-Bus System
10.8.2 Reconfigured IEEE-33 Bus System
10.9 Conclusion
References
11 Non-directional Overcurrent Protection Relay Testing Using Virtual Hardware-in-the-Loop Device
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Problem Definition
11.3 Workflow in the VHIL
11.3.1 Schematic Editor Workflow
11.3.2 SCADA HIL Workflow
11.4 How To Use The Created Panel
11.5 Results and Discussions
11.5.1 Predetermined Protective Relay Settings
11.5.2 Short-Circuit Study Validation
11.5.3 Testing Non-directional Overcurrent Protective Relay Using VHIL Device
11.6 Conclusions and Recommendations
References
12 Directional Overcurrent Relay Protection System Implementation on 8-bus System Using Typhoon HIL
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Theorical Framework
12.2.1 Directional Protection Function
12.2.2 Overcurrent Protection Function
12.2.3 Directionality Blocking
12.3 Methodology
12.3.1 8-Bus Test System Implementation
12.3.2 Overcurrent Function of Relays
12.4 Results
12.4.1 Short Circuit Study Validation
12.4.2 Example of Relay Tripping Sequence
12.4.3 Resulting Operation Times
12.5 Conclusions and Recommendations
References
13 Distance Protection Relay Testing Using Virtual Hardware-in-the-Loop Device
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Problem Definition
13.2.1 Distance Protection Function
13.2.2 Fault Impedance “Seen” by the Distance Protective Relay
13.2.3 Test System
13.3 Virtual HIL Distance Protection Relay
13.3.1 Schematic Editor
13.3.2 HIL SCADA
13.4 DIgSILENT PowerFactory simulation with SEL-411L relay
13.5 Protection Zone Settings
13.6 Results
13.7 Conclusions
References
14 Cyber-Physical Co-simulation Framework Between Typhon HIL and OpenDSS for Real-Time Applications
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Development of Cyber-Physical Co-simulation Framework Between Typhoon HIL and OpenDSS
14.2.1 Creating Models of Distribution Networks and Distributed Resources in OpenDSS
14.2.2 Creating Typhoon HIL Schematic and SCADA
14.3 Implementation of Typhoon HIL and OpenDSS Co-simulation Framework
14.4 Simulation Results
14.5 Discussion and Conclusion
References
